Gaj beds - North of Naliya, Kachh (Miocene of Pakistan)

Where: Pakistan (23.3° N, 68.9° E: paleocoordinates 17.3° N, 67.8° E)

• coordinate stated in text

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Gaj Formation, Early/Lower Miocene (23.0 - 16.0 Ma)

• STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS: From the lower Gaj beds, which regionally overlie the Nari beds (Oligocene) and are overlain by the Middle-Late Miocene Mekran beds. AGE: lower Early Miocene, based on similarity with European faunas of Aquitanian age. STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION: from the lower Gaj beds.

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: coastal; poorly lithified siliciclastic sediments

• ENVIRONMENT: Not stated in text, but presumably shallow shelf siliciclastic.
• SPECIFIC LITHOLOGY: Unknown, but presumably siliciclastic. LITHIFICATION: Poorly-lithified, based on figured specimens.

Size class: macrofossils

Collected by Vredenburg

Collection methods: surface (in situ),

• COLLECTORS: Multiple collectors including W. Blanford, Wynne, Hira Lal, Ram Singh, and Noetling (staff of Geological Survey of India) during the early 1900's. REPOSITORY: Geological Survey of India, with voucher specimens possibly at the BMNH.

Primary reference: E. Vredenburg. 1925. Description of Mollusca from the post-Eocene Tertiary formation of north-western India: Cephalopoda, Opisthobranchiata, Siphonostomata. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India 50(1):1-350 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 77171: authorized by Austin Hendy, entered by Austin Hendy on 21.12.2007

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• COVERAGE: Exhaustive for gastropoda, bivalvia, and scaphopoda. NOMENCLATURE: Antiquated, but from an authoritative publication, with use of species and subgenus resolution assignments. Nomenclature can be updated through reference to Harzhauser and Swarko publications.
Gastropoda
 Trochoidea - Trochidae
"Trochus (Tectus) cognatus" = Tectus cognatus2
"Trochus (Tectus) cognatus" = Tectus cognatus2 Sowerby 1840 top snail
 Cerithioidea - Turritellidae
"Turritella angulata" = Kapalmerella ranikoti2
"Turritella angulata" = Kapalmerella ranikoti2 Vredenburg 1928 turret shell
 Epitonioidea - Epitoniidae
"Scala (Clathrus) gajensis" = Clathrus gajensis2
"Scala (Clathrus) gajensis" = Clathrus gajensis2 Vredenburg 1928 wentletrap
 Neogastropoda - Mitridae
Mitra chinensis, "Mitra (Chrysame) sowerbyi" = Chrysame sowerbyi
Mitra chinensis Gray 1839 mitre shell
SUBSPECIES: Mitra chinensis subscrobiculata
"Mitra (Chrysame) sowerbyi" = Chrysame sowerbyi d'Orbigny 1852 mitre shell
 Neogastropoda - Conidae
Conus (Lithoconus) odengensis Martin 1895 cone shell
 Neogastropoda - Olivellidae
Agaronia pupa1 Sowerby 1840 snail
 Neogastropoda - Volutidae
"Lyria jugosa" = Lyria (Harpeola) jugosa Sowerby 1839 volute
Athleta (Volutospina) dentata Sowerby 1839 volute
 Sorbeoconcha - Strombidae
"Rostellaria protofusus" = Tibia protofusus
"Rostellaria protofusus" = Tibia protofusus Vredenburg 1928 true conch
 Sorbeoconcha - Cypraeidae
"Cypraea (Bernayia) humerosa" = Barycypraea humerosa, "Cypraea prunum" = Callistocypraea (Miolyncina) prunum
"Cypraea (Bernayia) humerosa" = Barycypraea humerosa Sowerby 1839 cowry
"Cypraea prunum" = Callistocypraea (Miolyncina) prunum Sowerby 1839 cowry
INCLUDES: Cypraea prunum nasuta
Bivalvia
 Pectinida - Pectinoidae
"Pecten (Chlamys) senatorius" = Mimachlamys senatoria2 Gmelin 1791 scallop
SUBSPECIES: Pecten (Chlamys) senatorius soomrowensis
Pecten (Chlamys) articulatus2 Sowerby 1840 scallop
Pecten (Amussiopecten) placenta2 Fuchs 1879 scallop
 Ostreida - Ostreidae
 Ostreida - Gryphaeidae
"Ostrea lingua" = Gyrostrea lingua2
"Ostrea lingua" = Gyrostrea lingua2 Sowerby 1840 oyster
 Cardiida - Cardiidae
"Cardium (Discors) triforme" = Discors triforme2
"Cardium (Discors) triforme" = Discors triforme2 Sowerby 1840 cockle
 Cardiida - Veneridae
"Venus (Omphaloclathrum) puerpera" = Periglypta puerpera2, Tapes (Callistotapes) virgatus2, "Cytherea (Callista) pseudoumbonella" = Macrocallista (Costacallista) pseudoumbonella2
"Venus (Omphaloclathrum) puerpera" = Periglypta puerpera2 Linnaeus 1758 venus clam
SUBSPECIES: Venus (Omphaloclathrum) puerpera granosa
Tapes (Callistotapes) virgatus2 Sowerby 1840 venus clam
"Cytherea (Callista) pseudoumbonella" = Macrocallista (Costacallista) pseudoumbonella2 Vredenburg 1928 venus clam
 Pholadida - Corbulidae
Corbula trigonalis2 Soweby 1840 clam