PBDB Collection

Silveirinha clay pit (Eocene of Portugal)

Also known as Silveirinha Pequena

Where: Região Centro, Portugal (40.0° N, 8.8° W)

• Paleocoordinates: 31.9° N, 0.9° W (Wright 2013)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: MP 7 mammal zone, Rio Mondego Member (Silveirinha Formation), Early/Lower Eocene (55.8 - 48.6 Ma)

• The exact stratigraphic position of the Silveirinha locality is not fully constrained. It is generally regarded as either latest Paleocene and/or earliest Eocene. Most authors prefer assignment to the Early Eocene (MN7), based on mammal biostratigraphy (see e.g. Pais et al., 2012, Paleogene and Neogene of Western Iberia. Springer). (TL)

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: crevasse splay; lenticular, calcareous conglomerate and muddy, sandy siliciclastic

• The conglomerates are interpreted as crevasse-splay deposit (Antunes & Russel, 1981, C. R. Acad. Sc. Paris, Ser. II, 293, 1099-1102).

• The Silveirinha Formation consists of fossiliferous lenticular calcitic conglomerates as well as laminated and cross bedded sands and brownish-red silts. (Pais et al., 2012)

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Primary reference: C. Estravís. 2000. Nuevos mamíferos del Eoceno Inferior de Silveirinha (Baixo Mondego, Portugal). Coloquios de Paleontología 51:281-311 [L. van den Hoek Ostende/L. van den Hoek Ostende/P. Mannion]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 79200: authorized by Lars van den Hoek Ostende, entered by Lars van den Hoek Ostende on 27.02.2008, edited by John Alroy, Torsten Liebrecht, Patricia Holroyd, Philip Mannion and Richard Butler

Creative Commons license: CC0 (CC0)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names

Amphibia
Salientia - Pelobatidae	Pelobatidae indet.⁸ Pelobatidae indet.⁸ Lataste 1879 spadefoot toad 2 fragments of ilia (identified as Eopelobates sp. by Antunes & Russel, 1981)
Caudata - Urodela	Salamandridae indet.⁸ Salamandridae indet.⁸ Gray 1825 newt 37 vertebrae, 2 fragments of humeri (taxon already mentioned by Antunes & Russel, 1981)
Mammalia
Cimolesta - Apatemyidae	Heterohyus sp., Russellmys denisae n. gen. n. sp.², Apatemys sp. Heterohyus sp. Gervais 1848 eutherian sp. I + II Russellmys denisae n. gen. n. sp.² Estravís 1990 eutherian SV3-249, maxilla Apatemys sp. Marsh 1872 eutherian + cf. Apatemys sp.
Cimolesta - Cimolestidae	Ilerdoryctes cf. sigei Ilerdoryctes cf. sigei Marandat 1989 eutherian
Leptictida - Leptictidae	Didelphodus sp. Didelphodus sp. Cope 1882 eutherian
Chiroptera - Archaeonycteridae	Archaeonycteris praecursor n. sp.⁹ Archaeonycteris praecursor n. sp.⁹ Tabuce et al. 2009 bat A right lower m1 or m2, UNLSNC-447
Acreodi -	Mondegodon eutrigonus n. gen. n. sp.¹⁰ Mondegodon eutrigonus n. gen. n. sp.¹⁰ Tabuce et al. 2011 placental
Perissodactyla - Lophiodontidae	cf. Lophiaspis maurettei cf. Lophiaspis maurettei Depéret 1910 odd-toed ungulate
Perissodactyla -	"Microhyus reisi" = Teilhardimys reisi, Paschatherium marianae "Microhyus reisi" = Teilhardimys reisi Antunes et al. 1987 odd-toed ungulate Paschatherium marianae Estravís and Russell 1992 odd-toed ungulate
Perissodactyla - Equidae	"Hyracotherium cf. vulpiceps" = Pliolophus vulpiceps "Hyracotherium cf. vulpiceps" = Pliolophus vulpiceps Owen 1858 horse
Artiodactyla - Diacodexeidae	Diacodexis antunesi n. sp.⁴ Diacodexis antunesi n. sp.⁴ Estravís and Russell 1989 even-toed ungulate CEPUNL SV3-338 - type; originally listed as Diacodexis cf. gazini (Antunes and Russell 1981)
Placentalia -	Creodonta indet. Creodonta indet. Cope 1875 creodont
Ferae - Viverravidae	cf. Viverravus sp. cf. Viverravus sp. Marsh 1872 placental
Carnivora - Miacidae	Miacidae indet. Miacidae indet. Cope 1880 carnivoran
Ferae -	"Miacis cf. latouri" = Dormaalocyon latouri, cf. Miacis sp. "Miacis cf. latouri" = Dormaalocyon latouri Quinet 1966 placental cf. Miacis sp. Cope 1872 placental
Soricomorpha - Nyctitheriidae	Nyctitheriidae indet., cf. Leptacodon sp., Leptacodon nascimentoi n. sp.³ Nyctitheriidae indet. Simpson 1928 placental cf. Leptacodon sp. Matthew and Granger 1921 placental Leptacodon nascimentoi n. sp.³ Estravís 1996 placental SV3-302 - type
Tribosphenida -	? Talpavus sp. ? Talpavus sp. Marsh 1872 placental
Rodentia - Ischyromyidae	Microparamys cf. nanus, Microparamys paisi, "Meldimys cardosoi n. sp." = Euromys cardosoi Microparamys cf. nanus Teilhard de Jardin 1927 rodent Microparamys paisi Estravís 1994 rodent "Meldimys cardosoi n. sp." = Euromys cardosoi Estravís 2000 rodent
Primates - Paromomyidae	Arcius zbyszewskii n. sp. Arcius zbyszewskii n. sp. Estravís 2000 primate
Primates -	Donrussellia lusitanica n. sp. Donrussellia lusitanica n. sp. Estravís 2000 tarsier
Taeniodonta - Conoryctidae	Eurodon silveirinhensis n. gen. n. sp.⁵ Eurodon silveirinhensis n. gen. n. sp.⁵ Estravís and Russell 1992 taeniodont SV2-15, isolated, right M3. Referred: SV3-234, right M3 and, more questionably, SV3-208, left M1 or M2
Tribosphenida - Herpetotheriidae	Peratherium cf. constans Peratherium cf. constans Teilhard de Jardin 1927 marsupial
Reptilia
Squamata - Iguanidae	Iguanidae indet.⁸, Geiseltaliellus sp.⁸ Iguanidae indet.⁸ Oppel 1811 squamates 3 fragments of dentigerous bone Geiseltaliellus sp.⁸ Kuhn 1944 squamates posterior part of maxilla
Squamata - Agamidae	cf. Tinosaurus sp.⁸ cf. Tinosaurus sp.⁸ Estes 1783 squamates fragment of bone bearing two teeth
Squamata - Varanidae	? Varanidae indet.⁸ ? Varanidae indet.⁸ Hardwicke and Gray 1824 monitor lizard vertebra (presence of a pseudozygosphene is reminiscent of the genus Saniwa)
Squamata - Anguidae	? Anguinae indet.⁸, Glyptosaurinae indet.⁸, Glyptosaurini indet.⁸, cf. Melanosaurus sp.⁸, Melanosaurini indet.⁸ ? Anguinae indet.⁸ Gray 1825 squamates 1 posterior part of dentary, 1 vertebra (shape of teeth reminiscent of group of Anguinae that includes Dopasia and Anguis) Glyptosaurinae indet.⁸ Marsh 1872 squamates some incomplete dentaries and hundreds of trunk osteoderms Glyptosaurini indet.⁸ Sullivan 1979 squamates 6 fragments of skull bones and tens of isolated osteoderms (taxon identified as "forme du groupe Placosaurus" by Antunes & Russel, 1981) cf. Melanosaurus sp.⁸ Gilmore 1928 squamates 1 incomplete jugal and 1 fragment of what is probably a parietal Melanosaurini indet.⁸ Sullivan 1979 squamates incomplete parietal
Squamata -	Scincomorpha "indet. 1"⁸, Scincomorpha "indet. 2"⁸, Serpentes indet.⁸ Scincomorpha "indet. 1"⁸ Camp 1923 squamates 4 fragments of dentigerous bone Scincomorpha "indet. 2"⁸ Camp 1923 squamates 1 fragment of dentigerous bone, 1 vertebra Serpentes indet.⁸ Linnaeus 1758 snake 1 vertebra
Squamata - Boidae	Boidae indet.⁸ Boidae indet.⁸ Gray 1825 boa 16 vertebrae (taxon mentioned as Boinae indet. by Antunes & Russel, 1981)
Squamata - Tropidophiidae	Dunnophis matronensis⁸ Dunnophis matronensis⁸ Rage 1973 dwarf boa 34 vertebrae (taxon mentioned as Dunnophis cf. matronensis by Antunes & Russel, 1981)
Squamata - Amphisbaenidae	Amphisbaenidae indet.⁸ Amphisbaenidae indet.⁸ worm lizard 2 posterior parts of dentaries, about 10 vertebrae (taxon mentioned as Amphisbaenia indet. by Antunes & Russel, 1981)
Squamata - Gekkonidae	Gekkonidae indet.⁸ Gekkonidae indet.⁸ Gray 1825 gecko 2 anterior parts of dentaries, 1 trunk vertebra
Testudines - Podocnemididae	Neochelys sp.⁷ Neochelys sp.⁷ Bergounioux 1954 sideneck turtle multiple elements. Listed as "N. cf. arenarum" in Antunes & Russell, 1981
Aves
Neornithes -	Neornithes indet.¹ Neornithes indet.¹ Gadow 1893 bird
Charadriiformes - Recurvirostridae	Fluviatilavis antunesi n. gen. n. sp.⁶ Fluviatilavis antunesi n. gen. n. sp.⁶ Harrison 1983 shorebird Femur (holotype). Referred specimens: distal humerus and right radius
Reptilia
Crocodylia -	Diplocynodon sp.¹ Diplocynodon sp.¹ Pomel 1847 crocodilian Elements from across the skeleton

¹Antunes 2003; ²Estravís 1990; ³Estravís 1996; ⁴Estravís and Russell 1989; ⁵Estravís and Russell 1992; ⁶Harrison 1983; ⁷Lapparent de Broin 2003; ⁸Rage and Augé 2003; ⁹Tabuce et al. 2009; ¹⁰Tabuce et al. 2011