PBDB Collection

Karikal (Pliocene of India)

Also known as 58 N/13, A.1-2, B.1-2

Where: India (10.9° N, 79.8° E)

• Paleocoordinates: 8.6° N, 79.6° E (Wright 2013)

• coordinate stated in text

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Pliocene (5.3 - 2.6 Ma)

• STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS: From unknown lithostratigraphic unit (not stated in text) and hence lithostratigraphic relationships are unknown. AGE: Pliocene, based on faunal correlations with other assemblages of the Middle East, Pakistan, India and Indonesia.

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: coastal; unlithified siliciclastic sediments

• ENVIRONMENT: Siliciclastic facies. No other environmenta data reported in text.

• SPECIFIC LITHOLOGY: Unknown, presumably siliciclastic. LITHIFICATION: Unlithified, assumed given apparent excellent preservation of specimens, and large collection.

Size class: macrofossils

Collection methods: surface (in situ),

• COLLECTOR: Unknown. REPOSITORY: Presumably BMNH.

Primary reference: F. E. Eames. 1950. On the ages of certain Upper Tertiary beds of Peninsula India and Ceylon. Geological Magazine 87:233-252 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: biostratigraphic analysis

PaleoDB collection 77658: authorized by Austin Hendy, entered by Austin Hendy on 16.01.2008

Creative Commons license: CC0 (CC0)

Taxonomic list

• COVERAGE: Limited to representative forms of gastropoda and bivalvia. NOMENCLATURE: Not an authoritative publication and somewhat antiquated, though nevertheless, consistent use of subgenera and species-resolution assignments permit nomenclatural vetting.

Show authors, comments, and common names

unclassified
-	Paracluthurella mirostriata Paracluthurella mirostriata
Gastropoda
Trochoidea - Trochidae	"Calliostoma" discrytum, Calliostoma inaequiliratum "Calliostoma" discrytum top snail Calliostoma inaequiliratum top snail
Trochoidea - Solariellidae	Solariella amblygoniata, Solariella distinguenda, "Solariella" kaikalensis, "Solariella" pachyzodes Solariella amblygoniata snail Solariella distinguenda snail "Solariella" kaikalensis snail "Solariella" pachyzodes snail INCLUDES: "Solariella" pachyzodes bonneti
Heterostropha - Mathildidae	Mathilda bonneti Mathilda bonneti snail
Heterostropha - Pyramidellidae	Syrnola karikalensis Syrnola karikalensis snail
Heterostropha - Acteonidae	Pupa bonneti, Pupa solidula Pupa bonneti snail Pupa solidula Linnaeus 1758 snail
Heterostropha - Ringiculidae	Ringicula (Ringiculella) bonneti Ringicula (Ringiculella) bonneti snail
Heterostropha - Architectonicidae	Architectonica karikalensis, "Architectonica affine" = Architectonica affinis Architectonica karikalensis sundial "Architectonica affine" = Architectonica affinis Sowerby 1840 sundial [entered as Architectonica affinis]
Opisthobranchiata - Cylichnidae	Scaphander panaulax Scaphander panaulax snail
Sorbeoconcha - Capulidae	Capulus bonneti Capulus bonneti snail
Sorbeoconcha - Naticidae	"Natica (Naticarius) prosthenoglossa" = Naticarius, Natica forskali, Natica sp., Natica rostalina, Sinum (Sigaretotrema) aratulum, "Polinices (Euspira) globosus" = Euspira, Polinices martini, Polinices melanostomus "Natica (Naticarius) prosthenoglossa" = Naticarius moon snail Natica forskali moon snail Natica sp. Scopoli 1777 moon snail Natica rostalina Jenkins 1864 moon snail Sinum (Sigaretotrema) aratulum moon snail "Polinices (Euspira) globosus" = Euspira moon snail Polinices martini moon snail Polinices melanostomus Gmelin 1791 moon snail
Sorbeoconcha - Rissoidae	Rissoina bonneti Rissoina bonneti snail
Sorbeoconcha - Vermetidae	Lemintina javana Lemintina javana worm shell
Neogastropoda - Clathurellidae	Glyphostoma bicrenata, Glyphostoma costicrenata, Glyphostoma karikalensis Glyphostoma bicrenata snail Glyphostoma costicrenata snail Glyphostoma karikalensis snail
Neogastropoda - Terebridae	"Terebra (Strioterebrum) continuicosta" = Strioterebrum, "Terebra (Strioterebrum) karikalensis" = Strioterebrum, "Terebra (Strioterebrum) vredenburgi" = Strioterebrum, "Terebra (Strioterebrum) intermedia" = Strioterebrum intermedia, Terebra (Myruella) cingulifera, Duplicaria mariesi "Terebra (Strioterebrum) continuicosta" = Strioterebrum auger snail "Terebra (Strioterebrum) karikalensis" = Strioterebrum auger snail "Terebra (Strioterebrum) vredenburgi" = Strioterebrum auger snail "Terebra (Strioterebrum) intermedia" = Strioterebrum intermedia Vredenburg 1921 auger snail Terebra (Myruella) cingulifera auger snail Duplicaria mariesi auger snail
Neogastropoda - Raphitomidae	"Raphitoma" crenicostata "Raphitoma" crenicostata snail
Neogastropoda - Clavatulidae	"Turricula javana" = Turricula, "Turricula nellii" = Turricula, ""Surcula" streptopleura" = Turricula "Turricula javana" = Turricula snail "Turricula nellii" = Turricula snail ""Surcula" streptopleura" = Turricula snail
Neogastropoda - Turridae	"Brachytoma sacra" = Tylotiella sacra, Perrona unisulcata, Turris (Hemipleurotoma) cingulferus "Brachytoma sacra" = Tylotiella sacra Reeve 1845 turrid Perrona unisulcata Cossmann 1900 turrid Turris (Hemipleurotoma) cingulferus turrid
Neogastropoda - Borsoniidae	"Asthenotoma" terebralis "Asthenotoma" terebralis snail
Neogastropoda - Conidae	Conus (Leptoconus) aulacophorus, Conus (Leptoconus) cosmetulus, Conus (Leptoconus) karikalensis, Conus (Leptoconus) bonneti, Conus (Lithoconus) maldivus, Conus (Lithoconus) ngavianus, Conus (Lithoconus) litteratus, Conus (Dendroconus) quercinus, Conus (Dendroconus) figulinus, "Conus (Leptoconus) vimineus" = Conasprella (Fusiconus) vimineus Conus (Leptoconus) aulacophorus cone shell Conus (Leptoconus) cosmetulus cone shell Conus (Leptoconus) karikalensis cone shell Conus (Leptoconus) bonneti Cossmann 1900 cone shell Conus (Lithoconus) maldivus cone shell Conus (Lithoconus) ngavianus cone shell Conus (Lithoconus) litteratus Linnaeus 1758 cone shell Conus (Dendroconus) quercinus Solander 1786 cone shell Conus (Dendroconus) figulinus Linnaeus 1758 cone shell "Conus (Leptoconus) vimineus" = Conasprella (Fusiconus) vimineus Reeve 1849 cone shell SUBSPECIES: Conus (Leptoconus) vimineus subvimineus
Neogastropoda - Mangeliidae	""Mangelia" quadricarinata" = Cythara (Mangelia), ""Mangilia" houdasi" = Cythara (Mangelia) ""Mangelia" quadricarinata" = Cythara (Mangelia) snail ""Mangilia" houdasi" = Cythara (Mangelia) snail
Neogastropoda -	Kaweka bonneti Kaweka bonneti snail
Neogastropoda - Olividae	Ancilla (Alocospira) tornata, "Ancilla (Sparellina) candida" = Ancilla ampla, Oliva (Neocyclindrus) irisans, Olivancillaria gibbosa, "Olivancillaria (Anazola) acuminata" = Anazola Ancilla (Alocospira) tornata olive snail "Ancilla (Sparellina) candida" = Ancilla ampla Gmelin 1791 olive snail Oliva (Neocyclindrus) irisans olive snail Olivancillaria gibbosa olive snail "Olivancillaria (Anazola) acuminata" = Anazola olive snail
Neogastropoda - Mitridae	Pterygia (Columbellopsis) simplex, Mitra (Tiara) flammea, Mitra (Tiara) circulata Pterygia (Columbellopsis) simplex mitre shell Mitra (Tiara) flammea Quoy 1832 mitre shell Mitra (Tiara) circulata mitre shell
Neogastropoda - Turbinellidae	"Xancus pirum" = Turbinella, ""Afer" couderti" = Tudivasum (Afer), "Afer macrospira" = Tudivasum (Afer) "Xancus pirum" = Turbinella snail ""Afer" couderti" = Tudivasum (Afer) snail "Afer macrospira" = Tudivasum (Afer) snail
Neogastropoda - Costellariidae	Vexillum (Costellaria) lirocostatum Vexillum (Costellaria) lirocostatum ribbed mitre
Neogastropoda - Cancellariidae	Trigonostoma bonneti, Trigonostoma tjibaliungense, Trigonostoma crispatum, "Merica asperella" = Cancellaria (Merica), "Merica verbeeki" = Cancellaria (Merica), Sveltia (Aneurystoma) morgani Trigonostoma bonneti snail Trigonostoma tjibaliungense snail Trigonostoma crispatum Sowerby 1855 snail "Merica asperella" = Cancellaria (Merica) snail "Merica verbeeki" = Cancellaria (Merica) snail Sveltia (Aneurystoma) morgani snail
Neogastropoda - Muricidae	""Xymenella" infratabulata" = Xymene, Cymia sacellum, Murex (Tubicauda) bonneti, Muricopsis diarti, "Typhis (Laevityphis) tetragoniatus" = Siphonochelus (Laevityphis) ""Xymenella" infratabulata" = Xymene murex snail Cymia sacellum Chemntiz 1788 murex snail Murex (Tubicauda) bonneti Cossman 1903 murex snail Muricopsis diarti murex snail "Typhis (Laevityphis) tetragoniatus" = Siphonochelus (Laevityphis) murex snail
Neogastropoda - Marginellidae	"Marginella (Eratoidea) bonneti" = Eratoidea, "Marginella (Eratoidea) karikalensis" = Eratoidea, "Marginella (Prunum) oligoptycha" = Prunum "Marginella (Eratoidea) bonneti" = Eratoidea margin shell "Marginella (Eratoidea) karikalensis" = Eratoidea margin shell "Marginella (Prunum) oligoptycha" = Prunum margin shell
Neogastropoda - Cystiscidae	Gibberula cuneata, Gibberula glandina, Gibberula (Closia) tectiformis Gibberula cuneata snail Gibberula glandina snail Gibberula (Closia) tectiformis snail
Neogastropoda - Buccinidae	Babylonia (Peridipsaccus) occlusa, Babylonia spirata, Cantharus tranquebaricus, Phos (Fax) macrostomus, Nassarius (Hebra) bonneti, ""Austrosipho" heptozodes" = Penion Babylonia (Peridipsaccus) occlusa true whelk Babylonia spirata Linnaeus 1758 true whelk Cantharus tranquebaricus Gmelin 1791 true whelk Phos (Fax) macrostomus true whelk Nassarius (Hebra) bonneti Cossmann 1901 true whelk ""Austrosipho" heptozodes" = Penion true whelk
Neogastropoda - Nassariidae	Nassarius francoindicus, "Nassarius (Amyclina) dimorphus" = Nassarius (Zeuxis) olivaceus, "Nassarius (Niotha) gemmulatus" = Nassarius (Niotha) variegatus, "Nassarius (Hinia) colpophorus" = Nassarius (Hinia), ""Hinia" karikalensis" = Nassarius (Hinia), Nassarius (Telasco) verbeeki, "Cyllene varians" = Cyllene fuscata, Nassaria mekranica Nassarius francoindicus snail "Nassarius (Amyclina) dimorphus" = Nassarius (Zeuxis) olivaceus Bruguiére 1789 snail "Nassarius (Niotha) gemmulatus" = Nassarius (Niotha) variegatus Adams 1851 snail "Nassarius (Hinia) colpophorus" = Nassarius (Hinia) snail ""Hinia" karikalensis" = Nassarius (Hinia) snail Nassarius (Telasco) verbeeki Martin 1895 snail "Cyllene varians" = Cyllene fuscata Adams 1851 snail Nassaria mekranica snail
Neogastropoda - Columbellidae	"Atilia crassicostata" = Mitrella (Atilia) "Atilia crassicostata" = Mitrella (Atilia) snail
Neogastropoda - Fasciolariidae	""Clavilithes" verbeeki" = Mancorus verbeeki, Fusinus perplexus ""Clavilithes" verbeeki" = Mancorus verbeeki Martin 1895 snail Fusinus perplexus snail
Sorbeoconcha - Strombidae	Tibia fusus, "Strombus karikalensis" = Strombus (Laevistrombus) karikalensis Tibia fusus true conch "Strombus karikalensis" = Strombus (Laevistrombus) karikalensis Cossmann 1903 conch
Sorbeoconcha - Rostellariidae	"Dientomochilus cancellatus" = Varicospira cancellata, Dientomochilus margaritae "Dientomochilus cancellatus" = Varicospira cancellata Lamarck 1816 snail Dientomochilus margaritae snail
Sorbeoconcha - Personidae	"Distorsio reticulatum" = Distorsio reticularis "Distorsio reticulatum" = Distorsio reticularis Linnaeus 1767 snail SUBSPECIES: Distorsio reticulatum cancellinum
Sorbeoconcha - Cassidae	"Phalium (Semicassis) bonneti" = Semicassis, "Phalium (Semicassis) sculptum" = Semicassis "Phalium (Semicassis) bonneti" = Semicassis snail "Phalium (Semicassis) sculptum" = Semicassis snail
Sorbeoconcha - Ranellidae	"Argobuccinum (Ranella) bitubercularis" = Gyrineum bituberculare "Argobuccinum (Ranella) bitubercularis" = Gyrineum bituberculare Lamarck 1816 triton shell
Sorbeoconcha - Ficidae	Ficus reticulata Ficus reticulata fig shell
Sorbeoconcha - Xenophoridae	"Tugurium calculiferum" = Onustus "Tugurium calculiferum" = Onustus carrier shell
Pseudomelanoidea - Pseudomelaniidae	Crassispira adelomorpha, Crassispira ferenuda, Crassispira karikalensis, Crassispira sinensis Crassispira adelomorpha snail Crassispira ferenuda snail Crassispira karikalensis snail Crassispira sinensis snail
Vanikoroidea - Eulimidae	Melanella grandis, Niso marmorata Melanella grandis snail Niso marmorata snail
Vanikoroidea - Vanikoridae	Vanikoro rhytidozodes Vanikoro rhytidozodes snail
Cerithioidea - Cerithiidae	Hemicerithium inopinatum, "Clava bonneti" = Rhinoclavis Hemicerithium inopinatum cerith snail "Clava bonneti" = Rhinoclavis cerith snail
Cerithioidea - Thiaridae	"Plotia balteata" = Thiara (Plotia) "Plotia balteata" = Thiara (Plotia) snail
Cerithioidea - Potamididae	Cerithidea gibbosula, Cerithidea trifunata Cerithidea gibbosula horn snail Cerithidea trifunata horn snail
Cerithioidea - Turritellidae	Protoma eudeli, "Turritella (Haustator) eucosmeta" = Haustator, "Turritella (Haustator) trifunis" = Haustator, "Turritella (Zaria) angulata" = Kapalmerella ranikoti Protoma eudeli turret shell "Turritella (Haustator) eucosmeta" = Haustator turret shell "Turritella (Haustator) trifunis" = Haustator turret shell "Turritella (Zaria) angulata" = Kapalmerella ranikoti Vredenburg 1928 turret shell
Neotaenioglossa - Calyptraeidae	"Crucibulum (Bicatillus) conulatum" = Calyptraea (Bicatillus), Sigapatella subcentralis "Crucibulum (Bicatillus) conulatum" = Calyptraea (Bicatillus) slipper shell Sigapatella subcentralis slipper shell
Ptenoglossa - Vasidae	"Tudicula spirilla" = Tudicla "Tudicula spirilla" = Tudicla snail
Bivalvia
Nuculanida - Nuculanidae	"Nuculana (Saccella) inaequirugata" = Saccella "Nuculana (Saccella) inaequirugata" = Saccella pointed nut clam
Nuculida - Nuculidae	Nucula phayreiana Nucula phayreiana nut clam
Pholadida - Corbulidae	Corbula bonneti, Corbula laterugata, "Corbula socialis" = Corbula (Anisocorbula) socialis, Corbula (Varicorbula) pachymorpha Corbula bonneti clam Corbula laterugata clam "Corbula socialis" = Corbula (Anisocorbula) socialis Martin 1879 clam Corbula (Varicorbula) pachymorpha clam
Cardiida - Glossidae	Meiocardia metavulgaris Meiocardia metavulgaris clam
Cardiida - Veneridae	"Macrocallista (Costacallista) erycina" = Costacallista erycina, Timoclea semiradiata, Timoclea "sp. A", Clausinella karikalensis, "Circe (Circenita) tivelinoides" = Gouldia (Circenita), "Cyprimeria" nepotina, "Clementia papyracea" = Clementia (Clementia) papyracea, Sunetta dautzenbergi "Macrocallista (Costacallista) erycina" = Costacallista erycina Linnaeaus 1758 venus clam Timoclea semiradiata venus clam Timoclea "sp. A" Brown 1827 venus clam Clausinella karikalensis venus clam "Circe (Circenita) tivelinoides" = Gouldia (Circenita) venus clam "Cyprimeria" nepotina venus clam "Clementia papyracea" = Clementia (Clementia) papyracea Gray 1825 venus clam Sunetta dautzenbergi venus clam
Cardiida - Cardiidae	Trachycardium yokoyamai, Loxocardium karikalense Trachycardium yokoyamai cockle Loxocardium karikalense cockle
Cardiida - Solecurtidae	Azorinus abbreviatus Azorinus abbreviatus clam
Cardiida - Psammobiidae	Gari noetlingi Gari noetlingi clam
Cardiida - Tellinidae	Tellina (Moerella) bonneti, Macoma erycinoides Tellina (Moerella) bonneti tellin clam Macoma erycinoides tellin clam
Lucinida - Lucinidae	"Lucina (Pleurolucina) inopinata" = Linga (Pleurolucina), Phacoides micropteryx, Lucina martini, Calvilucina (Monitilora) bonneti, Divaricella rapa "Lucina (Pleurolucina) inopinata" = Linga (Pleurolucina) clam Phacoides micropteryx clam Lucina martini clam Calvilucina (Monitilora) bonneti clam Divaricella rapa clam
Carditida - Crassatellidae	"Eucrassatella" caudifera, "Crassinella" radiata, "Crassatina" bonneti, "Crassatina" pachyrhytidea "Eucrassatella" caudifera clam "Crassinella" radiata clam "Crassatina" bonneti clam INCLUDES: "Crassatina" bonneti marwicki "Crassatina" pachyrhytidea clam
Carditida - Carditidae	Venericardia bonneti, Venericardia oligopleura, Venericardia phyletica, Venericardia solitaria, "Venericardia martini" = Purpurocardia titirangiensis Venericardia bonneti clam Venericardia oligopleura clam Venericardia phyletica clam Venericardia solitaria clam "Venericardia martini" = Purpurocardia titirangiensis Marwick 1943 clam
Pectinida - Pectinoidae	Pecten vexilloides, "Chlamys senatoria" = Mimachlamys senatoria, Chlamys (Aequipecten) tjaringinensis, "Chlamys (Aequipecten) martini" = Aequipecten Pecten vexilloides scallop "Chlamys senatoria" = Mimachlamys senatoria Gmelin 1791 scallop Chlamys (Aequipecten) tjaringinensis Martin 1909 scallop INCLUDES: Chlamys (Aequipecten) tjaringinensis karikalensis "Chlamys (Aequipecten) martini" = Aequipecten scallop
Ostreida - Ostreidae	"Ostrea (Cubitostrea) karikalensis" = Cubitostrea "Ostrea (Cubitostrea) karikalensis" = Cubitostrea oyster
Ostreida - Gryphaeidae	"Ostrea (Lopha) hyotis" = Hyotissa hyotis "Ostrea (Lopha) hyotis" = Hyotissa hyotis Linnaeus 1758 Honeycomb Oyster
Arcida - Noetiidae	"Arcopsis bataviana" = Arcopsis (Arcopsis) bataviana "Arcopsis bataviana" = Arcopsis (Arcopsis) bataviana Martin 1883 clam
Arcida - Arcidae	"Anadara (Scapharca) bonneti" = Scapharca, Anadara craticulata, Anadara tambacana, "Anadara ferruginea" = Anadara (Cunearca) ferruginea "Anadara (Scapharca) bonneti" = Scapharca clam Anadara craticulata Nyst 1848 ark Anadara tambacana Martin 1883 ark "Anadara ferruginea" = Anadara (Cunearca) ferruginea Reeve 1844 rusty ark
Arcida - Cucullaeidae	Cucullaea martini, Cucullaea pectunculina Cucullaea martini clam Cucullaea pectunculina clam
Arcida - Glycymerididae	Glycymeris bonneti, Glycymeris crenatocinctus Glycymeris bonneti clam Glycymeris crenatocinctus clam
Scaphopoda
Dentaliida - Dentaliidae	"Dentalium (Tesseracme) proteiforme" = Tesseracme "Dentalium (Tesseracme) proteiforme" = Tesseracme tusk shell