PBDB Collection

Bell Cave (Pleistocene of the United States)

Also known as ACb-2

Where: Colbert County, Alabama (34.7° N, 87.8° W: paleocoordinates 34.7° N, 87.8° W)

• coordinate stated in text

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Late/Upper Pleistocene (0.1 - 0.0 Ma)

• 25,000 to 11,500 RCYBP

Environment/lithology: cave; claystone

Primary reference: P. W. Parmalee and R. W. Graham. 2002. Additional records of the giant beaver, Castoroides, from the Mid-South: Alabama, Tennessee, and South Carolina. Smithsonian Contribution to Paleobiology 93:65-71 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 84181: authorized by Mark Uhen, entered by Mark Uhen on 23.09.2008, edited by John Alroy and Patricia Holroyd

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• U-series dates of 0.115 +/- 0.004 and 0.121 +/- 0.006 Ma (average = 0.118 Ma)
overlies unit D

"22 other small vertebrates" apparently not yet identified
Sangamonian

Show authors, comments, and common names

Reptilia
Squamata - Colubridae	Lampropeltis triangulum triangulum² Lampropeltis triangulum triangulum² milk snake
Squamata - Polychrotidae	Anolis carolinensis² Anolis carolinensis² Voight 1832 green anole
Squamata - Crotalidae	Crotalus horridus² Crotalus horridus² Linnaeus 1758 timber rattlesnake
Squamata - Colubridae	Thamnophis sp.², Thamnophis sirtalis², Storeria sp.², Coluber constrictor², Opheodrys aestivus², Lampropeltis getulus², Elaphe sp.², Elaphe cf. guttata², Elaphe vulpina², Diadophis punctatus², Heterodon cf. platirhinos², Nerodia sipeodon², Carphophis anoenus² Thamnophis sp.² Fitzinger 1843 garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis² Linnaeus garter snake Storeria sp.² Baird and Girard 1853 brown snake Coluber constrictor² Linnaeus 1758 black racer Opheodrys aestivus² colubrid snake Lampropeltis getulus² Linnaeus 1766 kingsnake Elaphe sp.² Wagler 1833 colubrid snake Elaphe cf. guttata² Linnaeus 1766 corn snake Elaphe vulpina² Baird and Girard 1853 fox snake Diadophis punctatus² Linnaeus ringneck snake Heterodon cf. platirhinos² hog-nosed snake Nerodia sipeodon² water snake Carphophis anoenus² worm snake
Testudines - Emydidae	Pseudemys sp.², Pseudemys cocinna², Graptemys geographica², Chrysemys picta² Pseudemys sp.² Gray 1856 cooter Pseudemys cocinna² cooter Graptemys geographica² Le Sueur 1817 common map turtle Chrysemys picta² Schneider 1783 painted turtle
Testudines - Trionychidae	Apalone sp.³, Apalone spinifera³ Apalone sp.³ Rafinesque 1832 softshell turtle Apalone spinifera³ LeSueur 1827 spiny softshell turtle
Aves
Falconiformes - Falconidae	Falco sparverius⁵ Falco sparverius⁵ Linnaeus 1758 American kestrel
Charadriiformes - Laridae	Sterna sp.⁵ Sterna sp.⁵ Linnaeus 1758 tern
Charadriiformes - Scolopacidae	"Catoptrophorus semipalmatus" = Tringa semipalmata⁵, "Philohela minor" = Scolopax minor⁵, Bartramia longicauda⁵ "Catoptrophorus semipalmatus" = Tringa semipalmata⁵ Gmelin 1789 willet "Philohela minor" = Scolopax minor⁵ Gmelin 1789 American woodcock Bartramia longicauda⁵ Bechstein 1812 upland sandpiper
Gaviiformes - Gaviidae	Gavia immer⁵ Gavia immer⁵ Brunnich 1764 Common loon
Anseriformes - Anatidae	Mergus sp.⁵, Aythya cf. valisineria⁵, Aythya collaris⁵, Anas platyrhynchos⁵, Anas crecca⁵, Cygnus sp.⁵, Branta canadensis⁵ Mergus sp.⁵ Linnaeus 1758 merganser Aythya cf. valisineria⁵ Wilson 1814 canvasback Aythya collaris⁵ Donovan 1809 ring-necked duck Anas platyrhynchos⁵ Linnaeus 1758 mallard Anas crecca⁵ Linnaeus 1758 Eurasian teal Cygnus sp.⁵ Garsault 1764 swan Branta canadensis⁵ Linnaeus 1758 Canada goose
Passeriformes -	Passeriformes indet.⁵ Passeriformes indet.⁵ Linnaeus 1758 perching bird
Passeriformes - Mimidae	Dumetella carolinensis⁵ Dumetella carolinensis⁵ Linnaeus 1766 gray catbird
Passeriformes - Corvidae	Corvus corax⁵, Pica pica⁵, Cyanocitta cristata⁵ Corvus corax⁵ Linnaeus 1758 common raven Pica pica⁵ Linnaeus 1758 Eurasian magpie Cyanocitta cristata⁵ Linnaeus 1758 blue jay
Passeriformes - Tyrannidae	Sayornis cf. phoebe⁵ Sayornis cf. phoebe⁵ Latham 1790 eastern phoebe
Passeriformes - Parulidae	Parulinae indet.⁵ Parulinae indet.⁵ perching bird
Passeriformes - Cardinalidae	Piranga cf. olivacea⁵ Piranga cf. olivacea⁵ Gmelin 1789 scarlet tanager
Passeriformes - Hirundinidae	Hirundinidae indet.⁵ Hirundinidae indet.⁵ Rafinesque 1815 swallow
Passeriformes - Icteridae	Quiscalus quiscula⁵ Quiscalus quiscula⁵ Linnaeus 1758 common grackle
Passeriformes - Turdidae	Turdus migratorius⁵ Turdus migratorius⁵ Linnaeus 1758 American robin
Podicipediformes - Podicipedidae	Podilymbus podiceps⁵ Podilymbus podiceps⁵ Linnaeus 1758 pied-billed grebe
Piciformes - Picidae	Picoides cf. villosus⁵, Melanerpes cf. carolinus⁵ Picoides cf. villosus⁵ Linnaeus 1766 hairy woodpecker Melanerpes cf. carolinus⁵ Linnaeus 1758 red-bellied woodpecker
Columbiformes - Columbidae	Ectopistes migratorius⁵ Ectopistes migratorius⁵ Linnaeus 1758 passenger pigeon
Strigiformes - Strigidae	"Otus asio" = Megascops asio⁵, Strix cf. varia⁵ "Otus asio" = Megascops asio⁵ Linnaeus 1758 eastern screech-owl Strix cf. varia⁵ Barton 1799 barred owl
Gruiformes - Gruidae	Grus sp.⁵ Grus sp.⁵ Brisson 1760 crane
Accipitriformes - Accipitridae	Accipiter striatus⁵, Haliaeetus cf. leucocephalus⁵ Accipiter striatus⁵ Vieillot 1897 sharp-shinned hawk Haliaeetus cf. leucocephalus⁵ Linnaeus 1766 bald eagle
Reptilia
Galliformes - Phasianidae	Tympanuchus cupido⁵, Meleagris gallopavo⁵, Bonasa umbellus⁵ Tympanuchus cupido⁵ Linnaeus 1758 greater prairie chicken Meleagris gallopavo⁵ Linnaeus 1758 wild turkey Bonasa umbellus⁵ Linnaeus 1766 ruffed grouse
Galliformes - Odontophoridae	Colinus virginianus⁵ Colinus virginianus⁵ Linnaeus 1758 northern bobwhite
Mammalia
Carnivora - Ursidae	Ursus americanus¹ Ursus americanus¹ Pallas 1780 black bear
Carnivora - Mustelidae	"Martes pennanti" = Pekania pennanti "Martes pennanti" = Pekania pennanti Erxleben 1777 fisher
Carnivora - Canidae	Canis sp.¹ Canis sp.¹ Linnaeus 1758 canine
Perissodactyla - Tapiridae	Tapirus sp. Tapirus sp. Brisson 1762 tapir
Artiodactyla - Tayassuidae	Mylohyus nasutus Mylohyus nasutus Leidy 1868 peccary
Artiodactyla - Cervidae	Rangifer tarandus Rangifer tarandus Linnaeus 1758 reindeer
Rodentia - Cricetidae	Microtus pennsylvanicus⁴ Microtus pennsylvanicus⁴ Ord 1815 meadow vole
Rodentia - Castoridae	Castoroides sp. Castoroides sp. Foster 1838 giant beaver
Amphibia
Salientia - Bufonidae	Bufo sp.², Bufo woodhousii fowleri², Bufo americanus² Bufo sp.² Laurenti 1768 toad Bufo woodhousii fowleri² Hinckley 1882 Woodhouse's toad Bufo americanus² Holbrook 1836 American toad
Salientia - Hylidae	Hyla gratiosa² Hyla gratiosa² Le Conte 1856 barking treefrog
Salientia - Ranidae	Rana sp.², Rana pipiens², Rana catesbeiana² Rana sp.² Linnaeus 1758 frog Rana pipiens² Schreber 1782 Northern leopard frog Rana catesbeiana² Shaw 1802 American bullfrog
Caudata - Urodela	Cryptobranchus alleganiensis², "Ambystoma sp." = Amblystoma², "Ambystoma maculotum" = Amblystoma², Plethodon glutinosus², Eurycea sp.², Desmognathus sp.², Desmognathus ochrophaeus² Cryptobranchus alleganiensis² Daudin 1803 hellbender "Ambystoma sp." = Amblystoma² Tschudi 1838 mole salamander "Ambystoma maculotum" = Amblystoma² mole salamander Plethodon glutinosus² Green 1818 northern slimy salamander Eurycea sp.² lungless salamander Desmognathus sp.² Baird 1850 lungless salamander Desmognathus ochrophaeus² Cope 1859 lungless salamander

¹Churcher et al. 1989; ²Holman et al. 1990; ³Jasinski 2013; ⁴Martin and Prince 1990; ⁵Parmalee 1992