Virca (Pleistocene of Italy)

Where: Italy (39.0° N, 17.1° E)

• Paleocoordinates: 38.5° N, 17.4° E (Wright 2013)

• coordinate estimated from map

• local area-level geographic resolution

When: Gelasian (2.6 - 1.8 Ma)

• STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS: From unknown lithostratigraphic unit. AGE: Gelasian. See Landini and Menesini (1978) and Pasini and Colalongo (1994) for more details. STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION: picking above the sapropel “a” and sapropel “c”, two bulk samples (30 dm3) at 0.5 m under and at 1.5 m above the sapropel “d”.

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: deep-water; lithology not reported

• ENVIRONMENT: Deep bathyal (above 500 m).
• SPECIFIC LITHOLOGY: Not stated in text. LITHIFICATION: Unknown.

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Collection methods: bulk, sieve,

• COLLECTOR: Review of previously published collections. REPOSITORY: Unknown.

Primary reference: A. Girone, D. Nolf, and H. Cappetta. 2006. Pleistocene fish otoliths from the Mediterranean Basin: a synthesis. Geobios 39:651-671 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 159096: authorized by Austin Hendy, entered by Austin Hendy on 26.07.2014

Creative Commons license: CC0 (CC0)

Taxonomic list

• COVERAGE: Exhaustive for fish. NOMENCLATURE: Not a authoritative publication, but with modern nomenclature and species-resolution identifications.
Show authors, comments, and common names
Actinopteri
 Anguilliformes - Congridae
Rhynchoconger pantanelli
Rhynchoconger pantanelli Bassoli 1906 conger eel
 Stomiatiformes - Sternoptychidae
Maurolicus muelleri, Argyropelecus sp.
Maurolicus muelleri Gmelin 1789 Mueller's pearlside
Argyropelecus sp. Cocco 1829
 Myctophiformes - Myctophidae
Hygophum benoiti, Hygophum hygomi, Lampanyctus crocodilus, Electrona rissoi, Benthosema glaciale, Ceratoscopelus maderensis, Notoscopelus elongatus, Lobianchia gemellari, Myctophum punctatum, Diaphus rafinesqui, Diaphus taaningi, Diaphus aff. splendidus
Hygophum benoiti Cocco 1838 Benoit's lanternfish
Hygophum hygomi Lütken 1892 Bermuda lantern fish
Lampanyctus crocodilus Risso 1810 lanternfish
Electrona rissoi Cocco 1829 lanternfish
Benthosema glaciale Reinhardt 1837 glacier lantern fish
Ceratoscopelus maderensis Lowe 1839 Madeira lantern fish
Notoscopelus elongatus Costa 1844 lanternfish
Lobianchia gemellari Cocco 1838 lanternfish
Myctophum punctatum Rafinesque 1810 spotted lanternfish
Diaphus rafinesqui Cocco 1838 lanternfish
Diaphus taaningi Norma 1930 slopewater lanternfish
Diaphus aff. splendidus Prochazka 1893 horned lanternfish
 Gadiformes - Macrouridae
Nezumia sclerorynchus, Trachyrincus scabrus, Coryphaenoides sicilianus, Coelorinchus stellaris
Nezumia sclerorynchus Valenciennes 1838 grenadiers
Coelorinchus stellaris Nolf and Girone 2000 grenadiers
 Gadiformes - Gadidae
Gadiculus argenteus, Micromesistius poutassou
Gadiculus argenteus Guichenot 1850 silvery pout
Micromesistius poutassou Risso 1827 blue whiting
 Gadiformes - Lotidae
Phycis blennoides
 Gadiformes - Merlucciidae
Merluccius meluccius
 Acanthomorphata - Epigonidae
Epigonus costanciae
 Acanthomorphata - Acropomatidae
Parascombrops mutinensis
 Beryciformes - Trachichthyidae
Hoplostethus sp.
Hoplostethus sp. Cuvier and Valenciennes 1829
 Beryciformes - Melamphaidae
Scopelogadus aff. beanii
Otolithes
  -
"Gadiculus labiatus" = Otolithus labiatus
"Gadiculus labiatus" = Otolithus labiatus Schubert 1905