Also known as ETE Locality 1057, Kanapoi,
Where: Kenya (2.3° N, 36.1° E: paleocoordinates 2.1° N, 35.6° E)
When: Kanapoi Formation, Zanclean (5.3 - 3.6 Ma)
• ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: "Max age=4.17+/-.03 my,lower pumiceous tuff;Min age=3.26+/-.04 my,Kalokwanya basalt" radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min
•The fossil fauna of Kanapoi was dated between 4.19 Ma and 4.11 Ma (Feibel, 2003; McDougall and Brown, 2008),
Environment/lithology: fluvial-lacustrine; claystone
Size class: macrofossils
Collection methods: ETE Size: macro; ETE reference list: 924, ; ETE museum list: KNM
Primary reference: B. Patterson, A. K. Behrensmeyer, and W.D. Sill. 1970. Geology and Fauna of a New Pliocene Locality in North- western Kenya. Nature 226:918-921 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Kosnik]more details
Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis
PaleoDB collection 22234: authorized by Anna Behrensmeyer, entered by Anna Behrensmeyer on 30.06.1999, edited by Mark Uhen, Grace Varnham and Philip Mannion
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
Gnathostomata | |
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Reptilia | |
"Testudo cf. ammon" = Gigantochersina ammon, Geochelone sp.
"Testudo cf. ammon" = Gigantochersina ammon Andrews 1903 turtle
Geochelone sp. Fitzinger 1835 turtle | |
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Podocnemis sp. Wagler 1830 river turtle | |
Euthecodon sp. Fortau 1920 crocodile | |
Mammalia | |
Rhynchocyon sp. Peters 1847 elephant shrew | |
Elephantulus sp. Thomas and Schwann 1906 elephant shrew | |
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Deinotherium bozasi Arambourg 1934 deinothere KNM-KP 388, enamel fragments and postcranial elements; KNM-KP 393, axis (C2) vertebra; KNM-KP-401, l. M2e3 (Fig. 1a, b); KNM-KP 30152, l. m3 (Fig. 1c, d); KNM-KP 30557, partial molar (Harris et al., 2003); KNM-KP 58744, mandible; KNM-KP 59883, molar fragment
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Elephantidae indet.5 Gray 1821 elephant KNM-KP 50801 (juvenile molar fragment), 56954 (molar fragment), 57008 (r. m1 distal fragment), 58647 (juvenile molar fragment), 58716 (molar fragment), 58741 (molar fragment), 58750 (molar fragment), 59927 (Half plate with three conelets), 59928 (middle phalanx), 59954 (molar fragmment), no number (partial molar)
Elephas ekorensis Maglio 1970 elephant KNM-KP 382, r. dP4 fragment [Harris et al., 2003] or r. dP3 [Maglio, 1970]; KNM-KP 387, r. m3 [Harris et al., 2003] or partial r. M3 and M2 [Maglio, 1970]; KNM-KP 392, dp2 [Harris et al., 2003] or dP2 of L. adaurora [Maglio, 1970]; KNM-KP 395, m3 fragment [Harris et al., 2003] or partial l. M3 [Maglio, 1970]; KNM-KP 400, dentary with dp2 [Harris et al., 2003] or dp2 of L. adaurora [Maglio, 1970]; KNM-KP 409, l., r. dentary fragments and m2; KNM-KP 412, r. M2; KNM-KP 452, r. dP3; KNM-KP 452, r. dP3; KNM-KP 26956, l., r. dentary fragments with l., r. m1 and roots of dp4 (Fig. 4gei); KNM-KP 28442, l., r. dp3 fragments; KNM-KP 30169, l. dentary with dp2e3; KNM-KP 30170, l. dentary with symphysis and dp3; KNM- KP 30173, l. dentary with dp3 and fragments of unerupted dp4; KNM-KP 30175, mandible with l., r. dp3e4; KNM-KP 30197, juvenile cranium with l., r. dP2e4; KNM-KP 30198, l. dentary with m1e2; KNM-KP 30236, incomplete r. M3 (Fig. 8def); KNM-KP 30270, l., r. dP2e4 and tusk fragment eaten by a hyaena; KNM-KP 30404, l., r. dP3e4, cranial fragments; KNM-KP 30471, l. dentary with sym- physis, m2e3 (Fig. 8a, b); KNM-KP 30625, m1 fragment and partial unerupted m2; KNM-KP 32575, l. dentary with dp3e4; KNM-KP 38975, r. m3; KNM-KP 59930, two molar plates.
Loxodonta adaurora Maglio 1970 African elephant KNM-KP 381, l., r. dentaries with partial l., r. m1 (Fig. 4d); KNM- KP 383, l., r. M3 (Fig. 4a, b), l. m3; KNM-KP 385 (type specimen), cranium with l., r. M3, mandible with l., r. m3 (Fig. 5def), and nearly complete skeleton; KNM-KP 386, l. M2; KNM-KP 389, M3 frag- ments (Harris et al., 2003) or incomplete r. M2 (Maglio, 1970); KNM-KP 390, r. M3; KNM-KP 391, r. dP4 (Maglio, 1970) or frag- mentary m1 (Harris et al., 2003); KNM-KP 394, radius and ulna; KNM-KP 396, r. dP3 (Maglio, 1970) or r. m2 (Harris et al., 2003); KNM-KP 397, femur, tibia, and fibula (Maglio and Ricca, 1977); KNM-KP 403, dentary with l. m2e3, pelvis and femur (Harris et al., 2003) or dentary with incomplete m2 (Maglio, 1970); KNM-KP 407, r. m3; KNM-KP 548, l. m3 fragments; KNM-KP 411, posterior r. M3 fragment and dP4 fragment; KNM-KP 28441, M2 fragment; KNM- KP 30150, p2 [almost certainly dp2], m2 or 3 talonid (Harris et al., 2003); KNM-KP 30188, r. maxilla with worn M3; KNM-KP 30189, l. M3 posterior fragment; KNM-KP 30191, left maxillary fragment with M3 (Fig. 4c); KNM-KP 30193, l. r. dentaries with r. m3 and fragments; KNM-KP 30204, cranium heavily damaged with l., r. M3; KNM-KP 30269, mandible with l., r. m2e3; KNM-KP 30436, p2 [almost certainly dp2] (Harris et al., 2003); KNM-KP 30596, dentary with ?m3; KNM-KP 30616, juvenile mandible in nearly perfect condition with l., r. p3, dp4 (not dp3e4 contra Harris et al., 2003) (Fig. 6aec); KNM-KP 30654, r. m3; KNM-KP 32542, adult mandible in good condition with l., r. partial m2 (Fig. 5aec), complete m3s with anterior ends emergent
Loxodonta exoptata5 Dietrich 1941 African elephant KNM-KP 406, r. dentary fragment with partial m1e2 (Fig. 7a); KNM-KP 30611, r. dentary fragment with m2 (Fig. 7b); ?KNM-KP 30639, partial mandible with r. m1e2 and l. m2 in crypt; KNM-KP 59923, partial l. m1
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Hystrix sp. Linnaeus 1758 porcupine | |
Tatera sp. Lataste 1882 large naked-soled gerbil | |
Lepus sp. Linnaeus 1758 hare | |
Galago cf. senegalensis Geoffroy 1796 Senegal bushbaby | |
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Australopithecus anamensis Ward et al. 1999 australopithecine | |
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Parahyaena sp. Hendey 1974 hyaena | |
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Notochoerus capensis, Nyanzachoerus plicatus, Nyanzachoerus pattersoni, Nyanzachoerus sp., "Notochoerus cf. euilus" = Hylochoerus euilus
Notochoerus capensis Broom 1925 pig
Nyanzachoerus sp. Leakey 1958 pig
"Notochoerus cf. euilus" = Hylochoerus euilus Hopwood 1926 giant forest hog | |
aff. Hippopotamus "sp. Hadar"1 Linnaeus 1758 hippo ETE occurrence; species: mak - species name from unique name;
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Bovidae indet., Gazella sp., Gazella sp.3, Gazella cf. janenschi3, ? Reduncini indet.3, Kobus sp., Raphicerus sp., ? Raphicerus sp.3, Madoqua sp., Cephalophini indet.3, Aepyceros sp., Aepyceros cf. afarensis3, Alcelaphini indet.3, cf. Damalacra sp., Damalacra harrisi3, Hippotragini indet., cf. Tchadotragus sp.3, Bovini indet., Tragelaphus cf. kyaloi3, Tragelaphus kyaloae, Simatherium sp.3, "Ovibovini" indet.3, aff. Dytikodorcas sp.3
Gazella sp. Blaineville 1816 gazelle
Kobus sp. Smith 1840 antelope
Madoqua sp. Ogilby 1837 dikdik
Aepyceros sp. Sundevall 1847 impala
cf. Damalacra sp. Gentry 1980 antelope
Tragelaphus kyaloae Harris 1991 antelope | |
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Ceratotherium praecox white rhino | |
Hipparion cf. sitifense, "Hipparion cf. turkanense" = Eurygnathohippus turkanense, "Hipparion turkanense" = Eurygnathohippus turkanense, "Hipparion primigenium" = Hippotherium primigenium
Hipparion cf. sitifense Pomel 1897 hipparionine horse
"Hipparion cf. turkanense" = Eurygnathohippus turkanense Hooijer and Maglio 1974 hipparionine horse
"Hipparion turkanense" = Eurygnathohippus turkanense Hooijer and Maglio 1974 hipparionine horse ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: or primigenium
"Hipparion primigenium" = Hippotherium primigenium von Meyer 1829 hipparionine horse | |
unclassified | |
Mollusca indet. Linnaeus 1758 ETE occurrence; species: mak - replaced genus name sp. with family name
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Bivalvia | |
"Pelecypoda indet." = Bivalvia
"Pelecypoda indet." = Bivalvia Linnaeus 1758 clam ETE occurrence; species: mak - replaced genus name sp. with family name
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Gastropoda | |
Gastropoda indet. Cuvier 1795 snail ETE occurrence; species: mak - replaced genus name sp. with family name
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