Where: Livorno, Italy (43.6° N, 10.4° E: paleocoordinates 43.5° N, 10.2° E)

• coordinate stated in text

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Blue Clays Formation, Early/Lower Pliocene (5.3 - 3.6 Ma)

• The peculiarity of the geological section under study, outcropping over a cliff near Vallin Buio (Livorno), is to have the Upper Pleistocene sediments resting in contact with those of the Pliocene without any other intermediate Pleistocenic layer.

Environment/lithology: marine; lithified, blue, calcareous claystone

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils, microfossils

Collection methods: The largest molluscs were collected manually in the various levels of the section, while, by sieving approximately 5 dm³ of the reddish sand interspersed with and included within the limestone, some species smaller in size have been identified; the poor state of conservation of this finer fraction allowed us to find only a few specimens.

Primary reference: A. Ciampalini, M. Forli, and F. Sammartino. 2014. The marine fossils malacofauna in a Plio-Pleistocene section from Vallin Buio (Livorno, Italy). Biodiversity Journal 5(1):9-18 [M. Uhen/M. Bean]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 173989: authorized by Mark Uhen, entered by Meredith Bean on 22.10.2015

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)