PBDB Collection

Love Bone Bed (Miocene of the United States)

Where: Alachua County, Florida (29.6° N, 82.5° W: paleocoordinates 29.8° N, 80.0° W)

• coordinate stated in text

When: Alachua Formation, Late/Upper Clarendonian (12.5 - 9.4 Ma)

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: marginal marine; lithology not reported

Size class: macrofossils

Reposited in the FLMNH

Collection methods: quarrying,

• "approximately 15,000 specimens of identifiable, medium- to large-sized mammals": MacFadden and Hulbert 1990

Primary reference: S. D. Webb, B. J. MacFadden, and J. A. Baskin. 1981. Geology and paleontology of the Love Bone Bed from the Late Miocene of Florida. American Journal of Science 281:513-544 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 18554: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 18.02.1993, edited by John Hunter, Mark Uhen, Richard Hulbert, Jonathan Marcot, Catalina Pimiento, Patricia Holroyd, Philip Mannion and Evangelos Vlachos

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• "Prosthennops cf. serus" apparently not present: Wright 1983

Show authors, comments, and common names

unclassified
-	"Clarendonian peccary" sp.²⁷, Meleagrinae indet. "Clarendonian peccary" sp.²⁷ said to be a new species not found elsewhere; species "D" and "E" of Wright 1983; see also Wright 1998 Meleagrinae indet.
Chondrichthyes
Rhinopristiformes - Pristidae	Pristis sp.²⁰ Pristis sp.²⁰ Linck 1790 sawfish
Lamniformes - Carchariidae	"Odontaspis taurus" = Carcharias taurus "Odontaspis taurus" = Carcharias taurus Rafinesque 1810 sand shark
Lamniformes - Otodontidae	"Carcharodon megalodon" = Otodus megalodon²⁰ "Carcharodon megalodon" = Otodus megalodon²⁰ Agassiz 1835 megalodon
Lamniformes - Lamnidae	Carcharodon sp., "Isurus hastalis" = Carcharodon hastalis²⁰ Carcharodon sp. Smith 1838 white shark "Isurus hastalis" = Carcharodon hastalis²⁰ Agassiz 1838 white shark
Carcharhiniformes - Hemigaleidae	Hemipristis serra²⁰ Hemipristis serra²⁰ Agassiz 1835 ground shark
Carcharhiniformes - Galeocerdidae	"Galeocerdo cuvieri" = Galeocerdo cuvier "Galeocerdo cuvieri" = Galeocerdo cuvier Peron and LeSueur 1822 tiger shark
Carcharhiniformes - Carcharhinidae	Physogaleus contortus²⁰, Carcharhinus sp.²⁰, Carcharhinus leucas, Rhizoprionodon sp.²⁰, Negaprion brevirostris Physogaleus contortus²⁰ Gibbes 1847 requiem shark Carcharhinus sp.²⁰ de Blainville 1816 requiem shark Carcharhinus leucas Valenciennes 1839 requiem shark Rhizoprionodon sp.²⁰ Whitley 1929 sharpnose shark Negaprion brevirostris Poey 1868 lemon shark
Amphibia
Caudata - Urodela	Siren sp. Siren sp. Linnaeus 1766 siren
Salientia - Ranidae	Ranidae indet. Ranidae indet. Rafinesque 1814 frog
Mammalia
Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae	Gomphotherium sp.¹⁸ Gomphotherium sp.¹⁸ Burmeister 1837 gomphothere
Sirenia - Dugongidae	Metaxytherium sp., Metaxytherium floridanum¹⁴ Metaxytherium sp. de Christol 1840 dugong Metaxytherium floridanum¹⁴ Hay 1922 dugong
Chiroptera -	Microchiroptera indet. Microchiroptera indet. Dobson 1875 bat
Lagomorpha - Leporidae	Archaeolaginae indet.¹ Archaeolaginae indet.¹ rabbit
Rodentia - Mylagaulidae	Mylagaulus elassos n. sp.³ Mylagaulus elassos n. sp.³ Baskin 1980 rodent
Rodentia - Cricetidae	Abelmoschomys simpsoni n. sp.⁶ Abelmoschomys simpsoni n. sp.⁶ Baskin 1986 rodent probably includes "Copemys sp." based on phylogenetic discussion
Rodentia - Sciuridae	Sciuridae indet. Sciuridae indet. Gray 1821 squirrel
Rodentia - Castoridae	"Eucastor cf. planus" = Nothodipoides planus "Eucastor cf. planus" = Nothodipoides planus Stirton 1935 beaver
Soricomorpha - Soricidae	Soricidae indet. Soricidae indet. Fischer 1814 shrew
Soricomorpha - Talpidae	Talpidae indet. Talpidae indet. Fischer de Waldheim 1817 mole
Perissodactyla - Equidae	Protohippus gidleyi¹⁶, Calippus cerasinus¹⁶, Calippus elachistus¹⁶, Nannippus westoni¹⁶, "Hippotherium ingenuum" = Cormohipparion ingenuum¹⁶, "Hippotherium plicatile" = Cormohipparion plicatile¹⁶, Hipparion cf. tehonense¹⁶, Pseudhipparion skinneri¹⁶, Neohipparion trampasense¹⁶ Protohippus gidleyi¹⁶ Hulbert 1988 horse Calippus cerasinus¹⁶ Hulbert 1988 horse Calippus elachistus¹⁶ Hulbert 1988 horse Nannippus westoni¹⁶ Simpson 1930 hipparionine horse "Hippotherium ingenuum" = Cormohipparion ingenuum¹⁶ Leidy 1885 hipparionine horse "Hippotherium plicatile" = Cormohipparion plicatile¹⁶ Leidy 1887 hipparionine horse Hipparion cf. tehonense¹⁶ Merriam 1916 hipparionine horse Pseudhipparion skinneri¹⁶ Webb and Hulbert 1986 hipparionine horse Neohipparion trampasense¹⁶ Edwards 1982 hipparionine horse
Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae	Aphelops malacorhinus, Teleoceras proterum¹⁹ Aphelops malacorhinus Cope 1878 rhinoceros Teleoceras proterum¹⁹ Leidy 1885 rhinoceros
Perissodactyla - Tapiridae	Tapirus webbi¹⁵ Tapirus webbi¹⁵ Hulbert 2005 tapir
Artiodactyla - Camelidae	Aepycamelus major, Hemiauchenia minima, Procamelus grandis¹⁹ Aepycamelus major Leidy 1886 camel Hemiauchenia minima Leidy 1886 camel Procamelus grandis¹⁹ Gregory 1939 camel
Placentalia -	Cetacea indet. Cetacea indet. Brisson 1762 whale
Artiodactyla - Gelocidae	Pseudoceras skinneri²⁵ Pseudoceras skinneri²⁵ Frick 1937 ruminant
Artiodactyla - Antilocapridae	Antilocaprinae indet. Antilocaprinae indet. Gray 1866 pronghorn
Artiodactyla - Dromomerycidae	"Pediomeryx hamiltoni n. sp." = Yumaceras hamiltoni²⁴ "Pediomeryx hamiltoni n. sp." = Yumaceras hamiltoni²⁴ Webb 1983 ruminant
Artiodactyla - Tayassuidae	Webbochoerus macfaddeni n. gen. n. sp.²¹ Webbochoerus macfaddeni n. gen. n. sp.²¹ Prothero 2021 peccary said to be a new species not found elsewhere; species "D" and "E" of Wright 1983; see also Wright 1998
Carnivora - Mustelidae	Leptarctus webbi n. sp.⁷, Sthenictis cf. lacota, ? Plionictis sp., Hoplictis sp.²² Leptarctus webbi n. sp.⁷ Baskin 2005 mustelid carnivore said to be new Sthenictis cf. lacota Matthew and Gidley 1904 mustelid carnivore ? Plionictis sp. Matthew 1924 mustelid carnivore Hoplictis sp.²² Ginsburg 1961 ratel
Carnivora - Procyonidae	Paranasua biradica n. sp.⁵, Arctonasua floridana n. sp.⁵ Paranasua biradica n. sp.⁵ Baskin 1982 procyonid carnivore Arctonasua floridana n. sp.⁵ Baskin 1982 procyonid carnivore this record or the following one might include "Proturocyon cf. macdonaldi" (an unpublished name for a new genus and species present also at Black Hawk Ranch that never has been described)
Carnivora - Ursidae	cf. Plithocyon sp.⁷ cf. Plithocyon sp.⁷ Ginsburg 1955 bear
Carnivora - Nimravidae	Barbourofelis loveorum⁴ Barbourofelis loveorum⁴ Baskin 1981 false sabre-tooth
Carnivora - Felidae	Nimravides galiani n. sp.⁴ Nimravides galiani n. sp.⁴ Baskin 1981 cat
Carnivora - Canidae	cf. Urocyon sp.⁷, ? Leptocyon sp., Epicyon cf. saevus¹, Epicyon haydeni⁷ cf. Urocyon sp.⁷ Baird 1857 gray fox ? Leptocyon sp. Matthew 1918 canine Epicyon cf. saevus¹ Leidy 1858 bone-crushing dog Epicyon haydeni⁷ Leidy 1858 bone-crushing dog
Aves
Anseriformes - Anatidae	Anserinae indet., Anatinae indet. Anserinae indet. Vigors 1825 goose Anatinae indet. Vigors 1825 duck
Podicipediformes - Podicipedidae	Podicipedidae indet. Podicipedidae indet. Bonaparte 1831 grebe
Gruiformes - Aramidae	Aramidae indet. Aramidae indet. Bonaparte 1854 limpkin
Gruiformes - Gruidae	Gruidae indet. Gruidae indet. Vigors 1825 crane
Gruiformes - Rallidae	Rallinae indet., Fulicinae indet. Rallinae indet. Vigors 1825 rail Fulicinae indet. Nitzsch 1820 rail
Passeriformes -	Passeriformes indet. Passeriformes indet. Linnaeus 1758 perching bird
Cathartiformes - Cathartidae	Pliogyps charon n. sp.¹⁰, "Vulturidae indet." = Vulturinae Pliogyps charon n. sp.¹⁰ Becker 1986 New World vulture "Vulturidae indet." = Vulturinae Illiger 1811 vulture
Phoenicopteriformes - Phoenicopteridae	Phoenicopteridae indet. Phoenicopteridae indet. Bonaparte 1838 flamingo
Pelecaniformes - Threskiornithidae	Threskiornithinae indet. Threskiornithinae indet. Richmond 1917 ibis
Pelecaniformes - Ardeidae	Egretta sp.⁹, Ardea sp.⁹, Ardeola sp.⁹ Egretta sp.⁹ Forster 1817 egret Ardea sp.⁹ Linnaeus 1758 heron Ardeola sp.⁹ Boie 1822 pond heron
Ciconiiformes - Ciconiidae	Ciconiidae indet. Ciconiidae indet. Sundevall 1836 stork
Suliformes - Anhingidae	Anhinga grandis¹¹ Anhinga grandis¹¹ Martin and Mengel 1975 darter
Suliformes - Phalacrocoracidae	Phalacrocoracidae indet. Phalacrocoracidae indet. Reichenbach 1850 cormorant
Accipitriformes - Pandionidae	Pandionidae indet., Pandion lovensis n. sp.⁸ Pandionidae indet. Sclater and Salvin 1873 osprey Pandion lovensis n. sp.⁸ Becker 1985 osprey
Accipitriformes - Accipitridae	Accipitridae indet. Accipitridae indet. Viellot 1816 hawk
Charadriiformes -	Charadrii indet. Charadrii indet. Huxley 1867 shorebird
Reptilia
Crocodylia - Alligatoridae	Alligator sp.²⁶ Alligator sp.²⁶ Daudin 1809 alligator "mississipiensis"
Crocodylia -	"Gavialosuchus cf. americanus" = Thecachampsa sericodon "Gavialosuchus cf. americanus" = Thecachampsa sericodon Cope 1867 crocodilian UF 289203, 289202, 289201
Squamata - Typhlopidae	? Typhlops sp. ? Typhlops sp. Oppel 1811 blind snake
Squamata - Crotalidae	"Crotalinae indet." = Crotalidae, cf. Sistrurus sp. "Crotalinae indet." = Crotalidae Oppel 1811 pit viper "Crotalus or Agkistrodon" cf. Sistrurus sp. Garman 1883 pigmy rattlesnake
Squamata - Colubridae	Xenodontinae indet., cf. Heterodon sp., cf. Nerodia sp.², cf. Thamnophis sp., cf. Lampropeltis getulus, cf. Elaphe sp. Xenodontinae indet. Bonaparte 1845 colubrid snake sp. 3 ("similar to Dryinoides Auffenberg") cf. Heterodon sp. Latreille 1801 hog-nosed snake sp. 1 cf. Nerodia sp.² Baird and Girard 1853 water snake cf. Thamnophis sp. Fitzinger 1843 garter snake cf. Lampropeltis getulus Linnaeus 1766 kingsnake cf. Elaphe sp. Wagler 1833 colubrid snake
Testudines - Kinosternoidea	Kinosternon notolophus n. sp.¹³ Kinosternon notolophus n. sp.¹³ Bourque 2015 mud turtle "cf. Kinosternon n. sp."
Testudines - Chelydridae	Chelydra sp.¹² Chelydra sp.¹² Schweigger 1812 Snapping turtle
Testudines - Testudinidae	Geochelone sp. Geochelone sp. Fitzinger 1835 turtle large
Testudines - Emydidae	Deirochelys carri, Terrapene sp., Pseudemys williamsi¹², "Chrysemys caelata" = Pseudemys caelata¹⁷ Deirochelys carri Jackson 1978 chicken turtle Terrapene sp. Merrem 1820 box turtle said to be new Pseudemys williamsi¹² Rose and Weaver 1966 cooter "Chrysemys caelata" = Pseudemys caelata¹⁷ Hay 1908 cooter
Testudines - Trionychidae	Apalone amorense n. sp.²³ Apalone amorense n. sp.²³ Valdes et al. 2017 softshell turtle
Actinopteri
Lepisosteiformes - Lepisosteidae	Lepisosteus sp., Atractosteus cf. spatula Lepisosteus sp. Agassiz 1843 gar Atractosteus cf. spatula Lacepede 1803 gar
Amiiformes - Amiidae	Amia cf. calva Amia cf. calva Linnaeus 1766 bowfin
Acanthomorphata - Centropomidae	Centropomus sp. Centropomus sp. Lacépède 1802
Tetraodontiformes - Diodontidae	Chilomycterus sp. Chilomycterus sp. Brisout de Barneville 1846
Acanthomorphata - Lutjanidae	Lutjanus sp. Lutjanus sp. Bloch 1790
Acanthuriformes - Sciaenidae	Pogonias cf. cromis Pogonias cf. cromis Cope 1869 black drum
Perciformes - Sparidae	Lagodon cf. rhomboides Lagodon cf. rhomboides Linnaeus 1766 perch-like fish
Labriformes - Labridae	Labridae indet. Labridae indet. Cuvier 1816
Siluriformes - Ictaluridae	Ictalurus cf. catus Ictalurus cf. catus catfish
Elopiformes - Megalopidae	Megalops cf. atlantica Megalops cf. atlantica

¹Alroy 2002; ²Alroy 2007; ³Baskin 1980; ⁴Baskin 1981; ⁵Baskin 1982; ⁶Baskin 1986; ⁷Baskin 2005; ⁸Becker 1985; ⁹Becker 1985; ¹⁰Becker 1986; ¹¹Becker 1987; ¹²Bourque 2013; ¹³Bourque 2015; ¹⁴Domning 1988; ¹⁵Hulbert 2005; ¹⁶Hulbert 1988; ¹⁷Jackson 1976; ¹⁸Lambert 1996; ¹⁹MacFadden and Hulbert 1990; ²⁰Pimiento 2014; ²¹Prothero 2021; ²²Tedford et al. 1987; ²³Valdes et al. 2017; ²⁴Webb 1983; ²⁵Webb 2008; ²⁶Whiting et al. 2016; ²⁷Wright 1993