Makapansgat - general (Pliocene of South Africa)

Also known as ETE Locality 1164, Makapansgat - general,

Where: South Africa (24.2° S, 29.0° E)

• Paleocoordinates: 25.1° S, 28.8° E (Wright 2013)

When: Makapansgat Formation, Late/Upper Pliocene (3.6 - 2.6 Ma)

• ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: "Fauna/paleomag data sugg age=~3.0 Ma,w/range=3.32-2.6 Ma"

Environment/lithology: cave; breccia

• ETE sed env 1: trap, ETE sed env 2: cave ETE event: ., ETE env comment: depos in quiet pools
• ETE rock type adj: ., ETE lithology comments: breccia of slty/cly/sndy loam

Collection methods: ETE Size: macro; ETE reference list: 933, ; ETE museum list:

Primary reference: P. M. Butler and M. Greenwood. 1976. Elephant Shrews (Macroscelididae) from Olduvai and Makapansgat. Fossil Vertebrates of Africa 4:1-50 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Kosnik]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 22340: authorized by Anna Behrensmeyer, entered by Anna Behrensmeyer on 23.08.1999, edited by John Damuth

Creative Commons license: CC0 (CC0)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names
unclassified
  -
Chrysotricha hamiltoni, Peloroceras helmei, Griquatherium cingulatum
Mammalia
 Macroscelidea - Macroscelididae
Elephantulus antiquus, Elephantulus langi
Elephantulus antiquus elephant shrew
Elephantulus langi elephant shrew
 Primates - Cercopithecidae
"Simopithecus darti" = Theropithecus, Parapapio spp., Parapapio jonesi, Parapapio whitei, Parapapio broomi, Cercopithecoides broomi
"Simopithecus darti" = Theropithecus gelada
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: darti
Parapapio spp. Jones 1937 monkey
Parapapio jonesi Broom 1940 monkey
Parapapio whitei Broom 1940 monkey
Parapapio broomi Jones 1937 monkey
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: or whitei
 Primates - Hominidae
Australopithecus africanus
Australopithecus africanus Dart 1925 australopithecine
originally entered as "Austrlopithecus africanus"
 Artiodactyla - Hippopotamidae
Hippopotamus amphibius
Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus 1758 hippo
 Artiodactyla - Suidae
"Notochoerus euilus" = Hylochoerus euilus, "cf. Notochoerus euilus" = Hylochoerus euilus, "Potamochoeroides shawi" = Metridiochoerus shawi
"Notochoerus euilus" = Hylochoerus euilus Hopwood 1926 giant forest hog
"cf. Notochoerus euilus" = Hylochoerus euilus Hopwood 1926 giant forest hog
"Potamochoeroides shawi" = Metridiochoerus shawi Dale 1948 pig
 Artiodactyla - Giraffidae
Giraffa camelopardalis
Giraffa camelopardalis Linnaeus 1758 giraffe
originally entered as "Giraffa cameleopardalis"
 Artiodactyla - Bovidae
Makapania broomi, Taurotragus cf. oryx, "Tragelaphus angasi" = Tragelaphus angasii, "Strepsiceros strepsiceros" = Tragelaphus strepsiceros, cf. Syncerus caffer, Aepyceros cf. melampus, "cf. Gorgon taurinus" = Connochaetes taurinus, cf. Alcelaphus robustus, Damaliscus aff. albifrons, cf. Oryx gazella, Oreotragus major, Gazella gracilior, Redunca arudinum, Redunca fulvorufula, Redunca darti, Cephalophus caerulus, Cephalophus pricei
Makapania broomi Wells and Cooke 1956 antelope
Taurotragus cf. oryx Pallas 1766 common eland
"Tragelaphus angasi" = Tragelaphus angasii Gray 1849 nyala
"Strepsiceros strepsiceros" = Tragelaphus strepsiceros Pallas 1766 greater kudu
cf. Syncerus caffer Sparman 1779 African buffalo
Aepyceros cf. melampus Lichtenstein 1812 impala
"cf. Gorgon taurinus" = Connochaetes taurinus Burchell 1823 blue wildebeest
Damaliscus aff. albifrons antelope
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: mak - species name from unique name
cf. Oryx gazella Linnaeus 1758 gemsbok
Oreotragus major klipspringer
Gazella gracilior gazelle
originally entered as "Gazella grcilior"
Redunca fulvorufula Afzelius 1815 mountain reedbuck
originally entered as "Redunca fulvoufula"
Redunca darti Wells and Cooke 1956 reedbuck
 Perissodactyla - Equidae
"cf. Stylohipparion steytleri" = Hipparion, Equus helmei
"cf. Stylohipparion steytleri" = Hipparion hipparionine horse
 Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Rhinocerotidae indet., Diceros bicornis, Ceratotherium simum
Rhinocerotidae indet. Gray 1821 rhinoceros
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Ceratotherium simum or D. bicornis
Diceros bicornis Linnaeus 1758 black rhinoceros
Ceratotherium simum Burchell 1821 white rhinoceros
 Tribosphenida - Antilopidae
Strepsiceros cf. angasi
 Tribosphenida - Sivatheridae
Libytherium cf. olduvaiense
 Carnivora - Canidae
Vulpes sp., "Canis cf. adustus" = Schaeffia adusta, "cf. Canis mesomelas" = Lupulella mesomelas
Vulpes sp. Frisch 1775 fox
"Canis cf. adustus" = Schaeffia adusta Sundevall 1847 side-striped jackal
"cf. Canis mesomelas" = Lupulella mesomelas Schreber 1775 black-backed jackal
ETE occurrence; species: pappos
 Carnivora - Felidae
aff. Felis cafra, Felis libyca, cf. Leptailurus spelaeus, "Felis serval" = Caracal serval, "Felis caracal" = Caracal caracal, "aff. Caracal caracal" = Caracal caracal, Acinonyx jubatus, "Felis aff. issiodorensis" = Lynx issiodorensis, Therailurus barlowi, Megantereon gracile, Machairodus darti
aff. Felis cafra cat
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: aff. Felis cafra
Felis libyca Forster 1780 African wildcat
"Felis serval" = Caracal serval Schreber 1776 serval
"Felis caracal" = Caracal caracal Schreber 1776 caracal
"aff. Caracal caracal" = Caracal caracal Schreber 1776 caracal
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: aff. Caracal caracal
Acinonyx jubatus Schreber 1775 cheetah
"Felis aff. issiodorensis" = Lynx issiodorensis Croizet and Jobert 1828 lynx
ETE occurrence; species: mak - species name from unique name
 Carnivora - Herpestidae
Cynictis penicillata
Cynictis penicillata Cuvier 1829 yellow mongoose
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: brachyodon
Gazella vanhoepeni
  -
"Gazella vanhoepeni" = Phenacotragus vanhoepeni
"Gazella vanhoepeni" = Phenacotragus vanhoepeni Wells and Cooke 1956