Also known as Gar El Muluk Formation, Gar El Muluk Hill
Where: Al Buhayrah, Egypt (30.4° N, 30.3° E: paleocoordinates 30.2° N, 30.2° E)
• coordinate estimated from map
• local area-level geographic resolution
When: Gar El Muluk Formation, Late/Upper Pliocene (3.6 - 2.6 Ma)
• From Wamas et al. 2020: James and Slaughter (1974) studied the type section of Gar El-Muluk and gave it the Upper Pliocene age. Philip et al. 1975 assigned it to Upper Pliocene age based on its fossils and stratigraphic position. Also, Abu Zeid (1984), Abdullah (1996), El-Shahat, et al. (1997) suggested an Upper Pliocene age for the Muluk Formation. In the present study, Upper Pliocene age is adopted for the El-Muluk Formation.
• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: deltaic; poorly lithified, micaceous, green shale
•
•The formation consists of 35 m (115 ft) of shales, calcareous sandstones and thin limestone beds. It has been assigned a lower to upper Pliocene age. The succession includes, in an ascending order: 1) black carbonaceous shales, GREEN SANDY MICACEOUS SHALES; 2) cross-bedded sandstones and shales; 3) a 30 cm thick bed of calcareous sandstones; 4) a 10 m interval composed of green sands and shales; 5) a 10 cm limestone bed; 6) dark shales and green gypsiferous sands with chert pebbles and gypsum breccia.
Size class: macrofossils
Collection methods: No detailed collection data reported.
Primary reference: E. E. Tawadros. 2001. Geology of Egypt and Libya 1-468 [A. Miller/A. Hendy/M. Clapham]more details
Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis
PaleoDB collection 42119: authorized by Austin Hendy, entered by Austin Hendy on 23.07.2004, edited by Mark Uhen
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
unclassified | |
Foraminifera | |
Globothalamea | |
Eponides sp. Montfort 1808
Rosalina globularis d'Orbigny 1826 | |
Nonion sp. Monfort 1808 | |
Nodosariata | |
Nodosaria sp. Lamarck 1812 | |
Foraminifera | |
"Globorotalia acostaensis" = Neogloboquadrina acostaensis
"Globorotalia acostaensis" = Neogloboquadrina acostaensis Blow 1959 | |
Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina, "Globigerina calida" = Globigerinella calida, "Globorotalia obesa" = Globigerinella obesa, Orbulina universa, Globigerina bulloides, Globigerina foliata, Globigerina falconensis
Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina Schwager 1866
"Globorotalia obesa" = Globigerinella obesa Bolli 1957
Orbulina universa d'Orbigny 1839
Globigerina bulloides d'Orbigny 1826
Globigerina foliata Bolli 1957
Globigerina falconensis Blow 1959 | |
Tubothalamea | |
Aves | |
Struthio sp. Linnaeus 1758 ostrich | |
Reptilia | |
"Crocodilus sp." = Crocodylus
"Crocodilus sp." = Crocodylus Laurenti 1768 crocodile | |
Trionyx sp. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809 softshell turtle | |
Mammalia | |
Sirenia indet. Illiger 1811 sirenian | |
Hipparion sp. de Christol 1832 hipparionine horse | |
Hippopotamus sp. Linnaeus 1758 hippo | |
Samotherium sp. Forsyth Major 1888 giraffe | |
Hippotragus cf. cordieri antelope | |
Sivachoerus sp. Pilgrim 1926 pig | |
Libytherium sp. Pomel 1892 placental | |
Machairodus cf. aphanistus Kaup 1833 cat | |
Hyaena sp. Brisson 1762 hyaena | |
Lutra sp. Brisson 1762 otter | |
Pristiphoca sp. Gervais 1853 seal | |
Saidomys natrunensis mouse | |
? Lepus sp. Linnaeus 1758 hare | |
Libypithecus markgrafi Stromer 1913 monkey | |
Bivalvia | |
"Ostrea cucullata" = Saccostrea cuccullata
"Ostrea cucullata" = Saccostrea cuccullata Born 1778 oyster | |
Ostracoda | |
Cyprideis ovata ostracod
Cyprideis locketti ostracod | |
Cytherella sp. Jones 1849 ostracod |