Where: India (23.0° N, 93.0° E: paleocoordinates 15.7° N, 94.5° E)
• coordinate stated in text
• local area-level geographic resolution
When: Upper Bhuban Formation (Surma Group), Early/Lower Miocene (23.0 - 16.0 Ma)
• STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS: From the Upper Bhuban Fm of the Bhuban Subgroup, Surma Group (Early-Middle Miocene), which presumably overlies the Middle Bhuban Fm and overlain by sediments of the Boka Bil Subgroup (Ganju, 1975). THICKNESS: From beds of no more than 5 m thickness within sections of less than 12 m in thickness. AGE: Helvetian, Middle Miocene. STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION: From base to middle of sections.
• bed-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: coastal; lithified, silty sandstone and lithified conglomerate
Size class: macrofossils
Preservation: cast, mold/impression
Collected by Tiwari; reposited in the GSI
Collection methods: surface (in situ),
• COLLECTORS: R. P. Tiwari (unknown date). REPOSITORY: Geological Survey of India (GSI), Pachhunga University College (PUC)
Primary reference: R. P. Tiwari and R. P. Kachhara. 2003. Molluscan biostratigraphy of the Tertiary sediments of Mizoram, India. Journal of the Paleontological Society of India 48:65-88 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy]more details
Purpose of describing collection: biostratigraphic analysis
PaleoDB collection 78641: authorized by Austin Hendy, entered by Austin Hendy on 12.02.2008
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
unclassified | |
Actinopteri | |
Dentex sp. Cuvier 1815 perch-like fish | |
Chondrichthyes | |
Sphyrna zagaena hammerhead shark | |
Negaprion sp. Whitley 1940 lemon shark | |
Isurus spallanzanii mackerel shark
Carcharodon carcharias Linnaeus 1758 great white shark | |
Dasyatis sp. Rafinesque 1810 whiptail stingray | |
Echinoidea | |
Schizaster alevolatus heart urchin
Schizaster baluchistanensis heart urchin
Schizaster granti heart urchin
Schizaster aff. symmetricus heart urchin | |
Bivalvia | |
Barbatia (Barbatia) "sp. 1", Barbatia (Barbatia) "sp. 2", Anadara sp., Anadara (Anadara) luangmualensis, Anadara (Anadara) zotlangensis, Anadara dichotoma, Anadara (Anadara) trapezoida, Anadara craticulata, Anadara garoensis, Anadara gourae, Anadara daviesi, Anadara (Lunarca) kachharai, Scapharca ferruginea, Scapharca junghuhni, Trisidos sp., Arca "sp. 1", Arca feddeni, Arca newtoni
Barbatia (Barbatia) "sp. 1" Gray 1842 clam
Barbatia (Barbatia) "sp. 2" Gray 1842 clam
Anadara sp. Gray 1847 ark
Anadara (Anadara) luangmualensis Tiwari 2001 ark
Anadara (Anadara) zotlangensis Tiwari 2001 ark
Anadara dichotoma Deshayes 1863 ark
Anadara (Anadara) trapezoida Tiwari 2001 ark
Anadara craticulata Nyst 1848 ark
Anadara garoensis Mukerjee 1939 ark
Anadara gourae Dey 1961 ark
Anadara daviesi Mukerjee 1939 ark
Anadara (Lunarca) kachharai Tiwari 2001 ark
Scapharca ferruginea clam
Scapharca junghuhni clam
Trisidos sp. Ršding 1798 clam
Arca "sp. 1" Linnaeus 1758 ark
Arca feddeni Vredenburg 1928 ark
Arca newtoni Vredenburg 1928 ark | |
Pinna sp. Linnaeus 1758 oyster
Pinna (Pinna) "sp. 1" Linnaeus 1758 oyster
Pinna (Pinna) "sp. 2" Linnaeus 1758 oyster | |
Pecten (Pecten) sp., Pecten pilgrimi, "Pecten (Oopecten) gigas" = Oopecten gigas, Chlamys (Chlamys) quilonensis, "Chlamys (Chlamys) senatoria" = Mimachlamys senatoria
Pecten (Pecten) sp. Müller 1776 scallop
Pecten pilgrimi Cox 1936 scallop
"Pecten (Oopecten) gigas" = Oopecten gigas Schlotheim 1813 scallop
Chlamys (Chlamys) quilonensis Dey 1961 scallop
"Chlamys (Chlamys) senatoria" = Mimachlamys senatoria Gmelin 1791 scallop | |
"Limaria (Limatulella) sp." = Limaria
"Limaria (Limatulella) sp." = Limaria Link 1807 file clam | |
Salaputium sp. Iredale 1924 clam | |
Astarte (Bathiamena) sp., Astarte (Grotriana) sp., Astarte (Astarte) "sp. 1", Astarte (Astarte) "sp. 2", Astarte (Digitariopsis) sp.
Astarte (Bathiamena) sp. Sowerby 1816 clam
Astarte (Grotriana) sp. Sowerby 1816 clam
Astarte (Astarte) "sp. 1" Sowerby 1816 clam
Astarte (Astarte) "sp. 2" Sowerby 1816 clam
Astarte (Digitariopsis) sp. Chavan 1952 clam | |
Cardita (Glans) quilonensis Dey 1961 clam
Carditamera sp. Conrad 1838 clam | |
Lucina (Lucina) sp. Bruguiére 1797 clam | |
Corbula (Tunicosulcata) sp., Corbula mekranica, Corbula tunicosulcata, "Corbula harpa" = Corbula (Bicorbula) harpa
Corbula (Tunicosulcata) sp. Bruguière 1789 clam
Corbula mekranica Vredenburg 1928 clam
Corbula tunicosulcata Vredenburg 1928 clam
"Corbula harpa" = Corbula (Bicorbula) harpa Archaic and Haime 1854 clam | |
Cardium sp. Linnaeus 1758 cockle
Cardium quilonense Dey 1961 cockle
"Vepricardium (Hedecardium) sp." = Hedecardium Marwick 1944 cockle | |
Azorinus sp. Récluz 1869 clam | |
"Tellina (Angulus) sp." = Angulus, Apolymetis aizawlensis, Apolymetis sp., Tellina (Telliangulus) sp., Tellina (Moerella) indifferens, Tellina (Tellinella) hilli, Tellina (Tellinella) pseudohilli, Tellina (Tellinella) sp., Tellina (Eurytellina) pilgrimi
"Tellina (Angulus) sp." = Angulus Megerle 1811 tellin clam
Apolymetis aizawlensis tellin clam
Apolymetis sp. Salisbury 1929 tellin clam
Tellina (Telliangulus) sp. Linnaeus 1758 tellin clam
Tellina (Moerella) indifferens Noetling 1901 tellin clam
Tellina (Tellinella) hilli tellin clam
Tellina (Tellinella) pseudohilli tellin clam
Tellina (Tellinella) sp. Mörch 1853 tellin clam
Tellina (Eurytellina) pilgrimi Cox 1936 tellin clam | |
Gari (Gari) natensis clam | |
Diplodonta incerta, "Diplodonta rotundata" = Diplodonta (Diplodonta) rotundata
Diplodonta incerta d'Archiac 1850 clam
"Diplodonta rotundata" = Diplodonta (Diplodonta) rotundata Montagu 1803 clam | |
Arctica cf. islandica Linnaeus 1767 clam | |
Callista sp., Timoclea cf. subspadicea, Dosinia (Dosinia) peralta, Paphia (Paphia) persica, Paphia (Paphia) rotundatus, Paphia (Paphia) sp., Paphia (Callistotapes) pseudoliratus, "Callista (Costacallista) erycina" = Costacallista erycina, Meretrix meretrix, Meretrix persica, Clementia sp., Clementia (Clementia) papyracea, Clementia (Clementia) protopapyracea
Callista sp. Poli 1791 venus clam
Timoclea cf. subspadicea venus clam
Dosinia (Dosinia) peralta Vredenburg 1928 venus clam
Paphia (Paphia) persica Cox 1936 venus clam
Paphia (Paphia) rotundatus venus clam
Paphia (Paphia) sp. Röding 1798 venus clam
Paphia (Callistotapes) pseudoliratus Vredenburg 1928 venus clam
"Callista (Costacallista) erycina" = Costacallista erycina Linnaeaus 1758 venus clam
Meretrix meretrix venus clam
Meretrix persica Cox 1936 venus clam
Clementia sp. Gray 1847 venus clam
Clementia (Clementia) papyracea Gray 1825 venus clam
Clementia (Clementia) protopapyracea Vredenburg 1928 venus clam | |
Lutraria "sp. 1" Lamarck 1799 clam
Lutraria "sp. 2" Lamarck 1799 clam
Mactra (Mactra) protoreevesii Noetling 1901 clam | |
Solena (Plectosolen) "sp. 1" Conrad 1866 clam
Solena (Plectosolen) "sp. 2" Conrad 1866 clam | |
Cultellus (Cultellus) sp. Schumacher 1817 clam | |
Pholadomya "sp. 1" Sowerby 1823 clam
Pholadomya "sp. 2" Sowerby 1823 clam | |
Portlandia sp. Mörch 1857 clam | |
Yoldia sp. Möller 1842 clam
Yoldia (Yoldia) sp. Moeller 1842 clam | |
Nucula cf. pulchra nut clam
Nucula "sp. 1" Lamarck 1799 nut clam
Nucula "sp. 2" Lamarck 1799 nut clam
Nucula "sp. 3" Lamarck 1799 nut clam
Nucula alcocki Noetling 1895 nut clam | |
Gastropoda | |
Architectonica sp., "Architectonica affine" = Architectonica affinis
Architectonica sp. Röding 1798 sundial
"Architectonica affine" = Architectonica affinis Sowerby 1840 sundial [entered as Architectonica affinis]
| |
"Turritella (Torculoidella) angulata" = Kapalmerella ranikoti, Turritella narica
"Turritella (Torculoidella) angulata" = Kapalmerella ranikoti Vredenburg 1928 turret shell
Turritella narica Vredenburg 1928 turret shell | |
Natica coxi Mukerjee 1939 moon snail | |
Ficus conditus Brongniart 1823 fig shell | |
Volvaria birmanica Noetling 1895 mitre shell | |
Nassaria birmanica Vredenburg 1921 snail | |
Oliva sp. Bruguière 1789 olive snail | |
Turris (Lophistoma) quilonica Dey 1961 turrid
Turris sp. Röding 1798 turrid | |
Conus (Lithoconus) ineditus Michelotti 1861 cone shell
Conus (Dendroconus) loroisii Kiener 1845 cone shell
Conus (Leptoconus) bonneti Cossmann 1900 cone shell | |
Clavatula tipperi Cox 1936 snail | |
Murex sp. Linnaeus 1758 murex snail
Murex macgillivrayi Dohrn 1862 murex snail | |
Charonia davidsoni triton | |
Bursa elegans frog shell | |
Xenophora birmanica carrier shell | |
Globularia callosa snail | |
Malacostraca | |
Ebalia spinosa, "Ebalia tuberculata" = Ebalia noetlingi
Ebalia spinosa Tiwari et al. 1997 crab
"Ebalia tuberculata" = Ebalia noetlingi Karasawa 2008 crab | |
Xantho sp. Leach 1804 stone crab |