Lothagam-Nawata fm/Apak mbr (Miocene to of Kenya)

Also known as ETE Locality 1059, Lothagam 2, Lothagam 1, Lothagam 1 & 2, Lothagam, Lothagam-Nawata fm/Apak mbr,

Where: Kenya (2.9° N, 36.1° E)

• Paleocoordinates: 0.5° N, 35.9° E (Wright 2013)

When: Lower/Upper Nawata & Apak Member (Nawata and Nachukui Formation), Tortonian to Tortonian (11.6 - 3.6 Ma)

• ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: Max age=8.31+/-.25 Ma;Min age = 3.71+/- .23 Ma radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min

Environment/lithology: fluvial; conglomerate

• ETE sed env 1: fluvial, ETE sed env 2: . ETE event: ., ETE env comment: "large, slow, well-oxygenated river"
• ETE rock type adj: ., ETE lithology comments: "Nawata fm:conglom,ss,sdy;Apak mbr:ss,silt lenses"

Size class: macrofossils

Collection methods: bulk

• ETE Size: .; ETE reference list: 924, ; ETE museum list: KNM

Primary reference: M. G. Leakey and C. Feibel. 1996. Lothagam: a record of faunal change in the late Miocene of East Africa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16(3):556-570 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/J. Alroy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 22236: authorized by Anna Behrensmeyer, entered by Anna Behrensmeyer on 30.06.1999

Creative Commons license: CC0 (CC0)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names
unclassified
  -
Kubwaxerus pattersoni
Kubwaxerus pattersoni
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: sp. nov.
Gastropoda
 Architaenioglossa - Viviparidae
cf. Bellamya indet.
cf. Bellamya indet. Jousseaume 1886 snail
ETE occurrence; species: mak - replaced genus name sp. with family name
 Architaenioglossa - Ampullariidae
Lanistes carinatus
Lanistes carinatus apple snail
originally entered as "carinatus carinatus"
 Cerithioidea - Thiaridae
Melanoides indet.
Melanoides indet. Olivier 1804 snail
ETE occurrence; species: mak - replaced genus name sp. with family name
 Sorbeoconcha - Naticidae
"Ampullaria wernei" = Natica (Ampullaria)
"Ampullaria wernei" = Natica (Ampullaria) moon snail
ETE occurrence; species: mak - name shift
 Sorbeoconcha - Barleeiidae
cf. Caelatura sp.
cf. Caelatura sp. Conrad 1865 snail
ETE occurrence; species: mak - shift family name to genus name, new species name "sp. A" chnaged
Cladistia
 Polypteriformes - Polypteridae
Polypterus sp.
Polypterus sp. Lacépède 1803 bichir
Reptilia
 Testudines - Podocnemididae
Podocnemis "sp. 1", Podocnemis "sp. 2"
Podocnemis "sp. 1" Wagler 1830 river turtle
ETE occurrence; species: sp. 1 nov.
Podocnemis "sp. 2" Wagler 1830 river turtle
ETE occurrence; species: sp. 2 nov.
 Testudines - Pelomedusidae
cf. Pelomedusidae indet.
cf. Pelomedusidae indet. Cope 1868 sideneck turtle
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: cf. Pelomedusidae
 Testudines - Trionychidae
Trionychidae indet.
Trionychidae indet. Gray 1825 softshell turtle
ETE occurrence; species: Trionychidae
 Squamata -
Squamata indet.
Squamata indet. squamates
ETE occurrence; species: Squamata
 Squamata - Pythonidae
Pythonidae indet.
Pythonidae indet. Fitzinger 1826 python
ETE occurrence; species: Pythoninae
 Crocodylia - Crocodylidae
Crocodylus sp., Euthecodon sp.
Crocodylus sp. Laurenti 1768 crocodile
Euthecodon sp. Fortau 1920 crocodile
Aves
 Neornithes -
Anseriformes indet.
Anseriformes indet. Wagler 1831 waterfowl
ETE occurrence; species: Anseriformes
Mammalia
 Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae
Gomphotheriidae indet., Anancinae indet.
Gomphotheriidae indet. Hay 1922 gomphothere
ETE occurrence; species: Gomphotheriidae
Anancinae indet. Hay 1922 gomphothere
ETE occurrence; species: Anancinae
 Proboscidea - Elephantidae
Stegotetrabelodon orbus, Stegotetrabelodon orbus, "Primelephas gomphotheroides" = Primelephas korotorensis
Stegotetrabelodon orbus Maglio 1970 elephant
originally entered as "Stegatetrobelodon orbus"
Stegotetrabelodon orbus Maglio 1970 elephant
"Primelephas gomphotheroides" = Primelephas korotorensis Coppens 1965 elephant
 Proboscidea - Deinotheriidae
Deinotherium sp.
Deinotherium sp. Kaup 1829 deinothere
 Tubulidentata - Orycteropodidae
Orycteropodidae indet., Leptorycteropus guilielmi
Orycteropodidae indet. Gray 1821 aardvark
ETE occurrence; species: nov. Orycteropodidae
Leptorycteropus guilielmi Patterson 1975 aardvark
originally entered as "Leptorycteropus guiliemi"
 Perissodactyla - Equidae
"Hipparion primigenium" = Hippotherium primigenium, "Hipparion cf. primigenium" = Hippotherium primigenium, "Hipparion turkanense" = Eurygnathohippus turkanense, Hipparion sitifense, Hipparion cf. sitifense
"Hipparion primigenium" = Hippotherium primigenium von Meyer 1829 hipparionine horse
"Hipparion cf. primigenium" = Hippotherium primigenium von Meyer 1829 hipparionine horse
"Hipparion turkanense" = Eurygnathohippus turkanense Hooijer and Maglio 1974 hipparionine horse
Hipparion sitifense Pomel 1897 hipparionine horse
originally entered as "Hipparion sistifense"
Hipparion cf. sitifense Pomel 1897 hipparionine horse
 Artiodactyla - Hippopotamidae
Hippopotamidae indet., "Hexaprotodon harvardi" = Archaeopotamus harvardi, "Hippopotamus (Hexaprotodon) "sp. A"" = Hexaprotodon, "Hippopotamus (Hexaprotodon) "sp. B"" = Hexaprotodon
Hippopotamidae indet. Gray 1821 hippopotamus
ETE occurrence; species: Hippopotamidae sp. 2
"Hexaprotodon harvardi" = Archaeopotamus harvardi Coryndon 1977 hippopotamus
"Hippopotamus (Hexaprotodon) "sp. A"" = Hexaprotodon Falconer and Cautley 1836 pygmy hippo
ETE occurrence; species: A (Hexaprotodon)
"Hippopotamus (Hexaprotodon) "sp. B"" = Hexaprotodon Falconer and Cautley 1836 pygmy hippo
ETE occurrence; species: B (Hexaprotodon)
 Artiodactyla - Suidae
Nyanzachoerus tulotos, Nyanzachoerus aff. jaegeri
Nyanzachoerus tulotos pig
originally entered as "Nyanachoerus tulotos"
Nyanzachoerus aff. jaegeri Coppens 1971 pig
ETE occurrence; species: mak - species name from unique name; originally entered as "Nyanachoerus aff. jaegeri"
 Artiodactyla - Giraffidae
Giraffa sp.
Giraffa sp. Brisson 1762 giraffe
 Artiodactyla - Bovidae
Bovidae indet., aff. Rhynchotragus sp., Tragelaphus "sp. A", Tragelaphus "sp. B", Tragelaphus cf. nakuae, Miotragocerus sp., Gazella "sp. A", Gazella "sp. B", Antilope sp., Kobus elliptica, aff. Kobus sp., aff. Redunca sp., Redunca aff. ancystrocera, aff. Damaliscus sp., aff. Aepyceros sp.
Bovidae indet. Gray 1821 antelope
ETE occurrence; species: Pachytragus-like
aff. Rhynchotragus sp. Neumann 1905 bontebok
ETE occurrence; species: aff. Rhynocotragus
Tragelaphus "sp. A" de Blainville 1816 antelope
ETE occurrence; species: A
Tragelaphus "sp. B" de Blainville 1816 antelope
ETE occurrence; species: B
Tragelaphus cf. nakuae Arambourg 1941 antelope
Miotragocerus sp. Stromer 1928 antelope
originally entered as "Miotragoceras sp."
Gazella "sp. A" Blaineville 1816 gazelle
ETE occurrence; species: A
Gazella "sp. B" Blaineville 1816 gazelle
ETE occurrence; species: B
Antilope sp. Pallas 1766 antelope
Kobus elliptica antelope
originally entered as "elliptica elliptica"
aff. Kobus sp. Smith 1840 antelope
ETE occurrence; species: aff. Kobus
aff. Redunca sp. Smith 1827 reedbuck
ETE occurrence; species: aff. Redunca
Redunca aff. ancystrocera Arambourg 1947 reedbuck
ETE occurrence; species: mak - species name from unique name
aff. Damaliscus sp. Sclater and Thomas 1894 antelope
ETE occurrence; species: aff. Damaliscus
aff. Aepyceros sp. Sundevall 1847 impala
ETE occurrence; species: aff. Aepyceros
 Carnivora - Felidae
Felidae indet., Machairodontinae indet.
Felidae indet. Gray 1821 cat
ETE occurrence; species: Felinae large
Machairodontinae indet. Gill 1872 cat
ETE occurrence; species: Machairodontinae
 Carnivora - Viverridae
cf. Civettictis indet.
cf. Civettictis indet. Pocock 1915 African civet
ETE occurrence; species: mak - replaced genus name sp. with family name
 Carnivora - Hyaenidae
Hyaenidae indet., aff. Euryboas sp.
Hyaenidae indet. Gray 1821 hyaena
ETE occurrence; species: Hyaenidae
aff. Euryboas sp. Schaub 1941 hyaena
ETE occurrence; species: aff. Euryboas
 Primates - Hominidae
Hominidae indet., Australopithecus cf. africanus
Hominidae indet. Gray 1825 ape
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Hominidae
Australopithecus cf. africanus Dart 1925 australopithecine
 Primates - Cercopithecidae
cf. Parapapio sp., cf. Cercocebus sp.
cf. Parapapio sp. Jones 1937 monkey
ETE occurrence; species: small
cf. Cercocebus sp. Geoffroy 1812 monkey