PBDB Collection

Chiwondo Beds - general (Pliocene of Malawi)

Also known as ETE Locality 1095, Chiwondo Beds - general,

Where: Malawi (10.2° S, 34.0° E)

• Paleocoordinates: 11.3° S, 33.9° E (Wright 2013)

When: Chiwondo Formation, Pliocene (5.3 - 2.6 Ma)

• ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: Max age=8.6 Ma;Min age correl w/radiom dated sites

Environment/lithology: fluvial-lacustrinegraded

• ETE sed env 1: fluv_lacustr, ETE sed env 2: . ETE event: ., ETE env comment: "fluv,delta,lacustr,aeolian dep"

• ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: "calc mud&siltstones,paleosols,marls"

Collection methods: surface (in situ)

• ETE Size: both; ETE reference list: 922, ; ETE museum list: BMNH: British Museum (Natural History), UCMP: University of California Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley

Primary reference: T. G. Bromage, F. Schrenk, and Y. M. Juwayeyi. 1995. Paleobiogeography of the Malawi Rift: Age and vertebrate paleontology of the Chiwondo Beds, northern Malawi. Journal of Human Evolution 28:37-57 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Uhen]more details

PaleoDB collection 22271: authorized by Anna Behrensmeyer, entered by Anna Behrensmeyer on 04.08.1999, edited by John Damuth

Creative Commons license: CC0 (CC0)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names

unclassified
-	elliptica elliptica, tuberculata tuberculata, Gabiella indet. elliptica elliptica tuberculata tuberculata Gabiella indet. ETE occurrence; species: mak - replaced genus name sp. with family name
Gastropoda
Heterostropha - Planorbidae	Bulinus indet. Bulinus indet. Mueller 1781 snail ETE occurrence; species: mak - replaced genus name sp. with family name
Cerithioidea - Paludomidae	Cleopatra indet. Cleopatra indet. Troschel 1857 snail ETE occurrence; species: mak - replaced genus name sp. with family name
Architaenioglossa - Ampullariidae	Lanistes indet. Lanistes indet. Montfort 1810 apple snail ETE occurrence; species: mak - replaced genus name sp. with family name
Architaenioglossa - Viviparidae	Bellamya capillata, Bellamya cf. robertoni, Bellamya cf. trochlearis, Bellamya pagodiformis Bellamya capillata snail ETE occurrence; species: mak - name shift Bellamya cf. robertoni snail ETE occurrence; species: mak - name shift Bellamya cf. trochlearis snail ETE occurrence; species: mak - name shift Bellamya pagodiformis snail ETE occurrence; species: mak - name shift
Sorbeoconcha - Barleeiidae	Caelatura indet. Caelatura indet. Conrad 1865 snail ETE occurrence; species: mak - replaced genus name sp. with family name
Bivalvia
Cardiida - Corbiculidae	Corbicula indet. Corbicula indet. Megerle 1811 clam ETE occurrence; species: mak - replaced genus name sp. with family name
Unionida - Iridinidae	Aspatharia indet. Aspatharia indet. Bourguignat 1885 clam ETE occurrence; species: mak - replaced genus name sp. with family name
Osteichthyes
Ceratodontiformes - Lepidosirenidae	Protopterus sp. Protopterus sp. Agassiz 1843 african lungfish
Reptilia
Crocodylia - Crocodylidae	Crocodylus sp. Crocodylus sp. Laurenti 1768 crocodile
Testudines -	Pelomedusa subrufa Pelomedusa subrufa Bonaterre 1789 Helmeted turtle
Testudines - Trionychidae	Cyclanorbis urahensis, Cycloderma frenatum, Trionyx sp. Cyclanorbis urahensis softshell turtle Cycloderma frenatum Peters 1854 softshell turtle Trionyx sp. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809 softshell turtle
Testudines - Pelomedusidae	Pelusios sinuatus Pelusios sinuatus Smith 1838 Serrated hinged terrapin
Mammalia
-	Mammalia indet. Mammalia indet. Linnaeus 1758 mammal ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Carnivora
Rodentia - Hystricidae	Hystrix sp. Hystrix sp. Linnaeus 1758 porcupine
Primates - Cercopithecidae	Papio sp., cf. Parapapio sp. Papio sp. Erxleben 1777 baboon cf. Parapapio sp. Jones 1937 monkey
Artiodactyla - Suidae	Notochoerus sp., Potamochoerus cf. porcus Notochoerus sp. Broom 1925 pig Potamochoerus cf. porcus Linnaeus 1758 red river hog
Artiodactyla - Giraffidae	Giraffa sp., Sivatherium sp. Giraffa sp. Brisson 1762 giraffe Sivatherium sp. Falconer and Cautley 1836 giraffe
Artiodactyla - Bovidae	Bovidae indet., Tragelaphini indet., Tragelaphus sp., Bovini indet., Aepycerotini indet., Alcelaphini indet., Connochaetes aff. taurinus, Megalotragus sp., Antilopini indet., Gazella sp., Reduncini indet., Kobus sp. Bovidae indet. Gray 1821 antelope ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Neotragini Tragelaphini indet. Blyth 1863 antelope ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Tragelaphini Tragelaphus sp. de Blainville 1816 antelope Bovini indet. Gray 1821 antelope ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Bovini Aepycerotini indet. Gray 1872 antelope ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Aepycerotini Alcelaphini indet. Brookes 1876 antelope ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Alcelaphini Connochaetes aff. taurinus Burchell 1823 blue wildebeest ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: mak - species name from unique name Megalotragus sp. van Hoepen 1932 antelope Antilopini indet. Gray 1821 antelope ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Antilopini Gazella sp. Blaineville 1816 gazelle Reduncini indet. Knottnerus-Meyer 1907 antelope ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Reduncini Kobus sp. Smith 1840 antelope
Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae	Ceratotherium simum Ceratotherium simum Burchell 1821 white rhinoceros
Actinopteri
Siluriformes - Clariidae	Clarias sp. Clarias sp. Scopoli 1777 catfish
Siluriformes - Bagridae	Bagridae indet. Bagridae indet. Bleeker 1852 naked catfish ETE occurrence; species: Bagiridae