Monte Bolca, Pesciara (FMNH collection) (Eocene of Italy)

Where: Italy (45.6° N, 11.2° E: paleocoordinates 37.3° N, 10.3° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

When: Ypresian (56.0 - 47.8 Ma)

• Initially assigned to the Lutetian. However, calcareous nannofossils attribute the classic Pesciara locality to the Discoaster sublodoensis Zone (NP14 or CP12) of uppermost Ypresian to lowermost Lutetian age. Larger foraminifera indicate the Alveolina dainellii Zone, and have limited abrasion so do not appear to be reworked. Therefore, biostratigraphy restricts the classic Pesciara locality to a narrow interval between the base of NP14 and the top of SBZ11, of late Ypresian age (Papazzoni et al., 2014). The lower-middle part of Monte Postale was also preliminarily assigned to SBZ11 of Ypresian age (Papazzoni & Trevisiani, 2009).

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: lagoonal or restricted shallow subtidal; lithified limestone

• "shallow marine basin characterized by restricted circulation on the seafloor, exposed to pelagic, seagrass and coral reef biotic influences"
• "micritic limestone"

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: mold/impression

Reposited in the FMNH

Collection methods: quarrying, mechanical,

• FMNH and Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Verona collections

•"prepared using thin needles"

Primary reference: A. F. Bannikov and G. Carnevale. 2009. A new percoid fish from the Eocene of Monte Bolca, Italy: Hendrixella grandei gen. & sp nov. Swiss Journal of Geosciences 102(3):481-488 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 94830: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 29.03.2010, edited by Mark Uhen and Owen Alfaro

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

unclassified
  -
Chondrichthyes
 Myliobatiformes - Urolophidae
"Urolophus" sp.12 round ray
"Urolophus" crassicaudatus12 de Blainville 1818 round ray
 Myliobatiformes -
"Promyliobatis gazolae" = Promyliobatis gazolai12
"Promyliobatis gazolae" = Promyliobatis gazolai12 de Zigno 1885 stingray
 Myliobatiformes - Dasyatidae
"Dasyatis" dezignoi12, ""Dasyatis" muricata" = Tethytrygon muricatus12
"Dasyatis" dezignoi12 Molin 1861 whiptail stingray
""Dasyatis" muricata" = Tethytrygon muricatus12 Volta 1796 whiptail stingray
 Euselachii -
Torpediniformes indet.12 electric ray
n. gen. n. sp.
 Torpediniformes - Torpedinidae
"Platyrhina gigantea" = Torpedo gigantea12
"Platyrhina gigantea" = Torpedo gigantea12 de Blainville 1818 torpedo
 Torpediniformes - Narcinidae
Titanonarke molini12 Jaekel 1894 numbfish
 Rajiformes - Platyrhinidae
Platyrhina bolcensis12 Heckel 1851 guitarfish
 Rajiformes - Rhinobatidae
"Rhinobatus primaevus" = Eorhinobatos primaevus12, "Rhinobatus dezignoi" = Pseudorhinobatos dezignii12
"Rhinobatus primaevus" = Eorhinobatos primaevus12 de Zigno 1874 guitarfish
"Rhinobatus dezignoi" = Pseudorhinobatos dezignii12 Heckel 1853 guitarfish
 Euselachii - Zanobatidae
"Platyrhina egertoni" = Plesiozanobatus egertoni12
"Platyrhina egertoni" = Plesiozanobatus egertoni12 de Zigno 1878 elasmobranch
 Carcharhiniformes - Carcharhinidae
Alopiopsis plejodon12 Lioy 1865 requiem shark
Physogaleus cuvieri12 Agassiz 1835 requiem shark
Eogaleus bolcensis12 Capetta 1975 requiem shark
 Orectolobiformes -
Mesiteia emiliae12 Gorjanovic-Kramberger 1886 carpet shark
Osteichthyes
  -
Protaulopsis bolcensis2 Woodward 1901
Actinopteri
 Pycnodontiformes - Pycnodontidae
Nursallia veronae2 Blot 1987
Palaeobalistum orbiculatum2 Blainville 1818
Abdobalistum thyrsus2 Poyato-Ariza and Wenz 2002
Pycnodus apodus2 Volta 1796
 Lampriformes - Veliferidae
Velifer sp.12 Temminck and Schlegel 1850
n. sp.
Velifer carosii2 Carnevale and Bannikov 2014
Wettonius angeloi n. sp.10 Carnevale and Bannikov 2018
Veronavelifer sorbinii2 Bannikov 1990
 Osteoglossiformes - Arapaimidae
 Osteoglossiformes -
Monopteros gigas2 Volta 1796
 Osteoglossiformes - Foreyichthyidae
Foreyichthys bolcensis2 Taverne 1979
 Aulopiformes - Paralepididae
Holosteus esocinus2 Agassiz 1835
 Acanthomorphata -
Oncolepis isseli2 Bassani 1897
 Dactylopteriformes - Pterygocephalidae
 Acanthomorphata -
 Zeiformes - Bajaichthyidae
Bajaichthys elegans2 Sorbini 1983
 Lampridiformes -
"Pegasus" volans2 Volta 1796
 Holocentriformes - Holocentridae
 Ophidiiformes - Ophidiidae
"Ophidium" voltianum2 Massalongo 1859
 Kurtiformes - Apogonidae
Apogonidae indet.12 Bonaparte 1846 Cardinalfish
Bolcapogon johnsoni2 Bannikov 2005 Cardinalfish
Apogoniscus pauciradiatus2 Bannikov 2005 Cardinalfish
Eosphaeramia pygopterus2 Agassiz 1836 Cardinalfish
Eoapogon fraseri2 Bannikov 2005 Cardinalfish
 Acanthomorphata - Acropomatidae
Acropoma lepidotum2 Agassiz 1836
 Acanthuriformes - Zanclidae
Eozanclus brevirostris12 Agassiz 1835
 Acanthuriformes - Massalongiidae
Massalongius gazolai12 Massalongo 1859
 Acanthuriformes - Acanthuridae
Metaspisurus emmanueli12 Blot and Tyler 1990
Tylerichthys milani12 Blot and Tyler 1990
Tylerichthys nuchalis12 Agassiz 1835
Tauichthys padremenini12 Tyler 1999
Tauichthys aspesae12 Tyler and Bannikov 2000
Pesciarichthys punctatus12 Blot and Tyler 1990
Proacanthurus bonatoi12 Blot and Tyler 1990
Proacanthurus ovalis12 Agassiz 1839
Proacanthurus tenuis12 Agassiz 1835
Proacanthurus elongatus12 Blot and Tyler 1990
Sorbinithurus sorbinii12 Tyler 1999
Gazolaichthys vestenanovae12 Blot and Tyler 1990
Metacanthurus veronensis12 Blot and Tyler 1990
Acanthuroides massalongoi12 Blot and Tyler 1990
Padovathurus gaudryi12 de Zigno 1887
Eorandallius rectifrons12 Agassiz 1835
Eorandallius elegans12 Blot and Tyler 1990
"Pesciarichthys baldwinae n. sp." = Frigosorbinia baldwinae19 Sorbini and Tyler 1998
Lehmanichthys lessiniensis12 Blot and Tyler 1990
Protozebrasoma bloti12 Sorbini and Tyler 1998
 Acanthomorphata - Gerreidae
Aspesiperca ruffoi2 Bannikov 2008
 Acanthomorphata - Monodactylidae
Psettopsis subarcuatus2 Blainville 1818
 Lophiiformes - Lophiidae
Lophius brachysomus18 Agassiz 1835 anglerfish
Caruso brachysomus2 Agassiz 1835 anglerfish
Sharfia mirabilis2 Pietsch and Carnevale 2011 anglerfish
Sharfia mirabilis n. gen. n. sp.17 Pietsch and Carnevale 2011 anglerfish
 Lophiiformes - Ogcocephalidae
Tarkus squirei n. gen. n. sp.15
Tarkus squirei n. gen. n. sp.15 Carnevale and Pietsch 2011 anglerfish
 Lophiiformes - Brachionichthyidae
Orrichthys longimanus n. gen. n. sp.14, "Histionotophorus bassani" = Histionotophorus bassani14, "Histionotophorus bassanii" = Histionotophorus bassani2
Orrichthys longimanus n. gen. n. sp.14 Carnevale and Pietsch 2010 anglerfish
"Histionotophorus bassani" = Histionotophorus bassani14 De Zigno 1887 anglerfish
"Histionotophorus bassanii" = Histionotophorus bassani2 De Zigno 1887 anglerfish
 Lophiiformes - Antennariidae
Eophryne barbutii n. gen. n. sp.13, Neilpeartia ceratoi n. gen. n. sp.16
Eophryne barbutii n. gen. n. sp.13 Carnevale and Pietsch 2009 anglerfish
Neilpeartia ceratoi n. gen. n. sp.16 Carnevale et al. 2020 anglerfish
 Acanthomorphata - Scatophagidae
 Acanthomorphata - Caproidae
Eoantigonia veronensis12 Sorbini 1983
 Acanthomorphata - Priacanthidae
Pristigenys substriatus2 Blainville 1818
 Labriformes - Labridae
Labrobolcus giorgioi n. gen. n. sp.4, Eocoris bloti n. gen. n. sp.1, Bellwoodilabrus landinii n. gen. n. sp.5, Phyllopharyngodon longipinnis n. gen. n. sp.8
Labrobolcus giorgioi n. gen. n. sp.4 Bannikov and Bellwood 2015
Eocoris bloti n. gen. n. sp.1 Banikov and Sorbini 1990
Bellwoodilabrus landinii n. gen. n. sp.5 Bannikov and Carnevale 2010
Phyllopharyngodon longipinnis n. gen. n. sp.8 Bellwood 1990
 Acanthomorphata - Siganidae
Acanthopygaeus agassizi12 Eastman 1904
Ruffoichthys bannikovi12 Tyler and Sorbini 1990
Ruffoichthys spinosus12 Sorbinia 1983
Aspesiganus margaritae12 Bannikov and Tyler 2002
 Ephippiformes - Ephippidae
Archaephippus asper2 Volta 1796
Eoplatax papilio2 Volta 1796
 Acanthomorphata - Leiognathidae
Eoleiognathus dorsalis2 Agassiz 1838
 Tetraodontiformes - Eoplectidae
Eoplectus bloti2 Tyler 1975
 Tetraodontiformes - Aracanidae
Proaracana dubia2 Blainville 1818
 Tetraodontiformes - Ostraciidae
Eolactoria sorbinii2 Tyler 1975
 Tetraodontiformes - Diodontidae
Zignodon fornasieroae2 Tyler and Santini 2002
Prodiodon tenuispinus2 Agassiz 1833
Prodiodon erinaceus2 Agassiz 1844
Heptadiodon echinus2 Heckel 1853
 Tetraodontiformes - Tetraodontidae
Eotetraodon tavernei2 Tyler and Bannikov 2013
 Tetraodontiformes - Zignoichthyidae
 Tetraodontiformes - Triacanthidae
Protacanthodes ombonii12 de Zigno 1887
Protacanthodes nimesensis2 Tyler and Santini 2001
 Tetraodontiformes - Bolcabalistidae
Bolcabalistes varii2 Tyler and Sorbini 1998
 Tetraodontiformes - Protobalistidae
Spinacanthus cuneiformis2 Blainville 1818
Protobalistum imperiale2 Massalongo 1857
 Acanthomorphata - Lutjanidae
Lessinia sp.2 Bannikov and Zorzin 2014
Lessinia horrenda2 Bannikov and Zorzin 2014
Goujetia crassispina2 Agassiz 1839
Ottaviania mariae2 Sorbania 1983
Ottaviania leptacanthus2 Agassiz 1839
Veranichthys ventralis2 Agassiz 1839
 Spariformes - Sparidae
Sparnodus vulgaris2 de Blainville 1818
Sparnodus elongatus2 Agassiz 1835
Abromasta microdon2 Agassiz 1839
Ellaserrata monksi2 Day 2002
 Perciformes - Latidae
Eolates gracilis2 Agassiz 1833 perch-like fish
 Perciformes - Robertanniidae
Hendrixella grandei n. gen. n. sp. Bannikov and Carnevale 2009 perch-like fish
Hendrixella grandei2 Bannikov and Carnevale 2009 perch-like fish
Robertannia sorbiniorum2 Bannikov 2011 perch-like fish
 Perciformes - Carangodidae
Carangodes bicornis2 Volta 1796 perch-like fish
 Perciformes - Quasimullidae
Quasimullus sorbinii2 Bannikov 1999 perch-like fish
 Perciformes - Gobioidei
"Gobius" microcephalus12 Agassiz 1839 perch-like fish
 Perciformes -
Blotichthys coleanus2 Agassiz 1838 perch-like fish
Veronabrax schizurus2 Agassiz 1836 perch-like fish
Frippia labroiformis n. gen. n. sp.6 Bannikov and Carnevale 2012 perch-like fish
Parapelates quindecimalis2 Agassiz 1836 perch-like fish
Montepostalia annamariae2 Bannikov and Zorzin 2004 perch-like fish
Squamibolcoides minciottii2 Bannikov and Zorzin 2013 perch-like fish
Malacopygaeus oblongus2 Agassiz 1838 perch-like fish
Gillidia antiqua2 Agassiz 1835 perch-like fish
Frigoichthys margaritae2 Bannikov 2004 perch-like fish
Pavarottia lonardonii2 Bannikov and Zorzin 2011 perch-like fish
Pygaeus nobilis2 Agassiz 1835 perch-like fish
Pygaeus nuchalis2 Agassiz 1839 perch-like fish
Pygaeus bolcanus2 Volta 1796 perch-like fish
Voltamulloides ceratorum2 Bannikov 2008 perch-like fish
Jimtylerius temnopterus2 Agassiz 1834 perch-like fish
Bradyurus szajnochae2 de Zigno 1887 perch-like fish
Parapygaeus polyacanthus12 Pellégrin 1907 perch-like fish
 Perciformes - Eocottidae
Eocottus veronensis2 Volta 1796 perch-like fish
Bassanichthys pesciaraensis2 Bannikov 2004 perch-like fish
 Perciformes - Ductoridae
Ductor vestenae2 Voltra 1796 perch-like fish
 Perciformes - Sparidae
"Dentex" microdon2 Agassiz 1839 perch-like fish
"Dentex" ventralis12 Agassiz 1839 perch-like fish
 Perciformes - Exelliidae
Exellia velifer2 Volta 1796 perch-like fish
 Perciformes -
Sorbinia caudopunctata12 Bellwood 1995 perch-like fish
 Perciformes - Tortonesidae
Tortonesia esilis2 Sorbini 1983 perch-like fish
 Perciformes -
""Labrus" valenciennesi" = Labrus valenciennesii2
""Labrus" valenciennesi" = Labrus valenciennesii2 Agassiz 1835 perch-like fish
 Perciformes - Callipterygidae
Callipteryx speciosus12 Agassiz 1835 perch-like fish
Callipteryx recticaudus12 Agassiz 1839 perch-like fish
 Perciformes - Sorbinipercidae
Sorbiniperca scheuchzeri12 Tyler 1999 perch-like fish
Sorbinicapros sorbiniorum12 Bannikov and Tyler 1999 perch-like fish
 Perciformes - Acanthonemidae
Acanthonemus subaureus12 Blainville 1818 perch-like fish
 Perciformes - Zorzinichthyidae
Zorzinichthys annae12 Tyler and Bannikov 2002 perch-like fish
 Perciformes - Blochiidae
Blochius longirostris12 Volta 1796 perch-like fish
Blochius macropterus12 de Zigno 1887 perch-like fish
 Perciformes -
"Psettopsis latellai" = Latellopsis latellai2, Quasicichla mucistonaver12
"Psettopsis latellai" = Latellopsis latellai2 Bannikov 2005 perch-like fish
Quasicichla mucistonaver12 Bannikov 2004 perch-like fish
 Acanthomorphata - Percichthyidae
Cyclopoma gigas2 Agassiz 1833
 Scombriformes - Scombridae
Godsilia lanceolata12 Agassiz 1835
Auxides propterygius12 Agassiz 1835
 Scombriformes - Palaeorhynchidae
Palaeorhynchus zorzini12 Fierstine et al. 2008
 Scombriformes - Euzaphlegidae
Veronaphleges brunae12 Bannikov 2008
 Scombriformes - Centrolophidae
Zorzinia postalensis12 Bannikov 2000
 Scombriformes - Pomatomidae
Carangopsis brevis2 Blainville 1818
Carangopsis dorsalis2 Agassiz 1834
 Syngnathiformes - Aulorhamphidae
Pesciarhamphus carnevalei2 Bannikov and Tyler 2011
Aulorhamphus chiarasorbiniae2 Bannikov and Tyler 2011
Aulorhamphus bolcensis2 de Zigno 1887
Aulorhamphus capellinii2 de Zigno 1887
 Syngnathiformes - Rhamphosidae
Rhamphosus rastrum2 Volta 1796
Ramphosus biserratus12 Bassani 1876
Rhamphosus biserratus2 Bassani 1876
Ramphosus rastrum12 Volta 1796
 Syngnathiformes - Solenostomidae
"Calamostoma lesiniforme" = Calamostoma lesiniforme7, "Calamostoma breviculum" = Calamostoma lesiniforme2, Solenorhynchus elegans2
"Calamostoma lesiniforme" = Calamostoma lesiniforme7 Volta 1796
"Calamostoma breviculum" = Calamostoma lesiniforme2 Volta 1796
Solenorhynchus elegans2 Heckel 1854
 Syngnathiformes - Fistularioididae
 Syngnathiformes -
 Syngnathiformes - Syngnathidae
"Syngnathus" bolcensis2 de Zigno 1887
"Syngnathus" heckeli2 de Zigno 1874
 Syngnathiformes - Centriscidae
Aeoliscoides longirostris2 Blainville 1818
Paramphisile weleri2 Blot 1980
 Syngnathiformes -
Gilmourella minuta n. sp.11 Carnevale and Bannikov 2019
 Syngnathiformes - Aulostomidae
Tyleria necopinata2 Parin 1993
"Jungensenichthys elongatus" = Jungersenichthys elongatus2 Blot 1980
Eoaulostomus bolcensis2 Blainville 1818
"Macraulostomus veronensis" = Macroaulostomus veronensis2 Blot 1980
 Syngnathiformes - Parasynarcualidae
 Syngnathiformes - Urosphenidae
Urosphen dubius2 Blainville 1818
 Syngnathiformes - Paraeoliscidae
 Acanthomorphata - Pomacentridae
Palaeopomacentrus orphae n. gen. n. sp.9 Bellwood and Sorbini 1996
Sorbinichromis francescoi n. gen. n. sp.3 Bannikov and Bellwood 2014
Lorenzichthys olihan2 Bellwood 1999
 Beloniformes - Exocoetidae
""Engraulis" evolans" = Clupea evolans2, Rhamphexocoetus volans2
""Engraulis" evolans" = Clupea evolans2 Blainville 1818
Rhamphexocoetus volans2 Bannikov et al. 1985
 Beloniformes - Hemiramphidae
Hemiramphus edwardsi2 Bassani 1876
 Atheriniformes - Atherinidae
Atherina ? macrocephala2 Agassiz 1835 silverside
Atherina ? macrocephala12 Agassiz 1835 silverside
 Atheriniformes - Rhamphognathidae
Rhamphognathus paralepoides2 Agassiz 1835 silverside
 Atheriniformes - Mesogasteridae
Mesogaster sphyraenoides2 Agassiz 1835 silverside
Latellagnathus teruzzii2 Bannikov 2008 silverside
 Carangiformes - Carangidae
Ceratoichthys pinnatiformis2 Blainville 1818
Lichia veronensis2 Bannikov and Sorbini 1990
Eastmanalepes primaevus2 Eastman 1904
Vomeropsis triurus2 Volta 1796
Seriola prisca2 Agassiz 1834
 Pleuronectiformes -
Eobothus minimus12 Agassiz 1839 flatfish
Heteronectes chaneti12 Friedman 2008 flatfish
 Pleuronectiformes - Amphistiidae
Amphistium paradoxum12 Agassiz 1834 flatfish
 Acanthomorphata - Menidae
Mene rhombea12 Volta 1796 moonfish
Mene oblonga12 Agassiz 1833 moonfish
 Ostariophysi -
"Chanos" forcipatus2 Heckel 1854
Coelogaster leptostea2 Agassiz 1835
Chanoides macropoma2 Agassiz 1835
 Clupeiformes - Clupeoidei
Platinx macropterus2, ""Clupea" catopygoptera" = Bolcaichthys catopygopterus2, "Clupea catopygoptera n. sp." = Bolcaichthys catopygopterus20, Trollichthys bolcensis2
Platinx macropterus2 Blainville 1818 herring
""Clupea" catopygoptera" = Bolcaichthys catopygopterus2 Woodward 1901 herring
"Clupea catopygoptera n. sp." = Bolcaichthys catopygopterus20 Woodward 1901 herring
Trollichthys bolcensis2 MarramĂ  and Carnevale 2014 herring
 Teleostei - Pietschellidae
Pietschellus aenigmaticus2 Bannikov and Carnevale 2011
 Anguilliformes - Proteomyridae
Proteomyrus ventralis2 Agassiz 1839 eel
 Anguilliformes - Chlopsidae
Whitapodus breviculus2 Agassiz 1835 eel
 Anguilliformes -
Gazolapodus homopterus2 Blot 1980 eel
 Anguilliformes - Milananguillidae
Milananguilla lehmani2 Blot 1978 eel
 Anguilliformes - Patavichthyidae
Patavichthys bolcensis2 Bassani 1897 eel
 Anguilliformes - Ophichthidae
Goslinophis acuticaudus2 Agassiz 1835 eel
 Anguilliformes - Congridae
Voltaconger latispinus2 Agassiz 1835 conger eel
Bolcyrus formosissimus2 Eastman 1905 conger eel
Bolcyrus bajai2 Blot 1978 conger eel
Paracongroides heckeli2 Blot 1978 conger eel
 Anguilliformes - Anguilloididae
Veronanguilla ruffoi2 Blot 1978 eel
 Anguilliformes - Anguillidae
Eoanguilla leptoptera2 Agassiz 1835 eel
 Anguilliformes - Paranguillidae
Paranguilla tigrina2 Agassiz 1839 eel
Dalpiaziella brevicauda2 Cadrobbi 1962 eel
 Anguilliformes -
 Acanthopteri - Sphyraenidae
Sphyraena bolcensis2 Agassiz 1835 barracuda
Trachinotus
  -