Where: Israel (32.9° N, 35.2° E: paleocoordinates 32.9° N, 35.2° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Middle Pleistocene (0.8 - 0.1 Ma)

• "Radiometric dates by thermo-luminescence and electron-spin-resonance techniques yield an average age of 170,000 years before present for Layer E but with a substantial error range (Valladas, personal comm.; Rink, personal comm. June, 2000). Size variation in the tortoises (Seiner et al., 1999, 2000) and microfaunal associations (Tchernov, 1981, 1992, 1994) indicate that the mandible is probably 200,000 years or older (cf. Valladas et al., 1998; Schwarcz & Rink, 1998)." (Stiner et al. 2001)

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: cave; lithology not reported

Size class: macrofossils

Primary reference: M. C. Stiner, F. C. Howell, B. Martínez-Navarro, E. Tchernov, and O. Bar-Yosef. 2001. Outside Africa: Middle Pleistocene Lycaon from Hayonim Cave, Israel. Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana 40(2):293-302 [B. Allen/B. Allen/B. Allen]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 230988: authorized by Bethany Allen, entered by Bethany Allen on 28.07.2023

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)