Kostanjek-1 Lithofacies A, Biofacies 1 (Sarmatian) Zagreb Croatia (Miocene of Croatia)

Where: Croatia (44.9° N, 16.1° E: paleocoordinates 44.4° N, 15.6° E)

• coordinate estimated from map

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Middle Miocene (16.0 - 11.6 Ma)

• Basal 1m of 83m thick exposure within the Sarmatian stage

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: lagoonal; lithified, silty marl

• deposited in a relatively deep, calm and protected environment where sedimentation was taking place from suspended flow under a regime of constant climate change. The framinifera of the Miliolidae group define the Sarmatian age and brackish character of the sedimentary environment--Biofacies 1 is a fossil community of brackish lagoons
• The laminated silty marls (lithofacies A) comprise the basal lithofacies of the column and are 1m thick. The succession consists of rhythmical changes of very thin laminae (0.1-0.5mm): dark laminae with a greater concentration of organic matter being alternated with light laminae with a greater proportion of carbonate minerals. The average carbonate content is 40-50% and the concentration of strontium (~700ppm) and manganese (~1500ppm) is relatively constant.

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: replaced with calcite

Collection methods: bulk,

• collected using the method "directed dotted sample"

Primary reference: D. Vrsaljko. 1999. The Pannonian Palaeoecology and Biostratigraphy of Molluscs from Kostanjek- Medvednica Mt. Croatia. Geologia Croatica 52(1):9-27 [A. Miller/K. Bulinski/O. Alfaro]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 68213: authorized by Arnold Miller, entered by Kate Bulinski on 08.01.2007

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• fish, macroflora and foraminifera were mentioned in passing. Ostracods, bivalves and molluscs which were reported in lists.
Show authors, comments, and common names
Ostracoda
 Podocopida - Loxoconchidae
Loxoconcha fragilis
 Podocopida - Xestoleberididae
Xestoleberis glaberescense
 Podocopida - Hemicytheridae
Aurila kollmanni, Aurila notata
Aurila notata ostracod
 Podocopida - Leptocytheridae
Leptocythere tenuis, Callistocythere egregia
Gastropoda
 Heterostropha - Valvatidae
Valvata sp.
Valvata sp. Müller 1774 snail
frequent
 Sorbeoconcha - Hydrobiidae
Hydrobia sp.
Hydrobia sp. Hartmann 1821 snail
frequent
 Trochoidea - Trochidae
Gibbula sp.
Gibbula sp. Risso 1826 top snail
Bivalvia
 Mytilida - Mytilidae
Modiolus incrassatus
 Mytilida - Crenellidae
Musculus sarmaticus
 Cardiida - Mactridae
Mactra vitaliana
 Cardiida - Cardiidae
"Cardium (Cerastoderma) vindobonense" = Cerastoderma, "Cardium (Cerastoderma) gleichenbergense" = Cerastoderma
"Cardium (Cerastoderma) vindobonense" = Cerastoderma cockle
rare
"Cardium (Cerastoderma) gleichenbergense" = Cerastoderma cockle
rare
 Cardiida - Semelidae
Ervilia dissita
Ervilia dissita clam
frequent subspecies dissita