Arroyo Ensenada valley (Miocene of Argentina)

Where: Entre Rios, Argentina (32.1° S, 60.5° W: paleocoordinates 32.2° S, 58.1° W)

• coordinate stated in text

When: Parana Formation, Tortonian (11.6 - 7.2 Ma)

• upper part of the Parana Formation; see p. 169 for discussion of age

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: marine; green claystone and calcareous sandstone

• light green clays with sandy levels, partially cemented by whitish carbonates

Size class: macrofossils

Primary reference: A. L. Cione, D. A. Cabrera, and M. J. Barla. 2012. Oldest record of the Great White Shark (Lamnidae, Carcharodon; Miocene) in the Southern Atlantic. Geobios 45:167-172 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 140010: authorized by Mark Uhen, entered by Mark Uhen on 27.02.2013, edited by Catalina Pimiento

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Actinopteri
 Spariformes - Sparidae
Sparidae indet. Cuvier 1817
 Acanthomorphata - Sciaenidae
Sciaenidae indet. Cuvier 1828
 Siluriformes - Ariidae
Ariidae indet. Berg 1958 Ariid catfish
Chondrichthyes
 Squatiniformes - Squatinidae
Squatina sp. Dumeril 1806 angel shark
 Heterodontiformes - Heterodontidae
Heterodontus sp. de Blainville 1816 bullhead shark
 Carcharhiniformes - Hemigaleidae
Hemipristis serra Agassiz 1835 ground shark
 Carcharhiniformes - Scyliorhinidae
 Carcharhiniformes - Sphyrnidae
Sphyrna sp. Rafinesque 1810 hammerhead shark
 Carcharhiniformes - Galeocerdidae
Galeocerdo aduncus Agassiz 1835 tiger shark
 Carcharhiniformes - Carcharhinidae
Carcharhinus sp. de Blainville 1816 requiem shark
 Lamniformes - Lamnidae
"Carcharodon plicatilis" = Cosmopolitodus plicatilis, Carcharodon sp.
"Carcharodon plicatilis" = Cosmopolitodus plicatilis Agassiz 1843 mackerel shark
Carcharodon sp. Smith 1838 white shark
 Lamniformes - Otodontidae
"Carcharocles megalodon" = Otodus megalodon
"Carcharocles megalodon" = Otodus megalodon Agassiz 1835 megalodon
Also studied in Pimiento and Balk
 Lamniformes - Carchariidae
Carcharias taurus Rafinesque 1810 sand shark
 Rajiformes - Rajidae
Rajidae indet. Blainville 1816 skate
 Myliobatiformes - Dasyatidae
Dasyatis sp. Rafinesque 1810 whiptail stingray
 Holocephali -