Hardie Kaolin Mine (Eocene of the United States)

Also known as Wilkinson Mine, WKR Mine

Where: Wilkinson County, Georgia (32.9° N, 83.4° W: paleocoordinates 33.1° N, 75.4° W)

• coordinate stated in text

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Clinchfield Formation (Barnwell Group), Priabonian (38.0 - 33.9 Ma)

• from "a 1-1.5-m-high stratum" and spoil piles derived from it (Parmley and DeVore 2005)

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: coastal; sandstone

• "nearshore marine" (Parmley and Cicimurri 2005)
• coarse sands

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Preservation: original phosphate

Collection methods: bulk, salvage, surface (float), sieve,

• "Intensive surface collecting of spoil piles and screen washing of in situ sediments" (Parmley and DeVore 2005)

Primary reference: J. W. Westgate. 2001. Paleoecology and biostratigraphy of marginal marine gulf coast Eocene vertebrate localities. Eocene Biodiversity: Unusual Occurrences and Rarely Sampled Habitats 263-297 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 45640: authorized by Mark Uhen, entered by Mark Uhen on 20.11.2004, edited by Jason Head, John Alroy, Joseph Villari and Patricia Holroyd

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Actinopteri
 Scombriformes - Trichiuridae
Trichiurus sp. Linnaeus 1758
 Istiophoriformes - Sphyraenidae
Sphyraena sp. Artedi 1793 barracuda
 Elopiformes - Phyllodontidae
Phyllodus sp. Agassiz 1839
 Lepisosteiformes - Lepisosteidae
Lepisosteus sp. Agassiz 1843 gar
Reptilia
 Squamata - Colubridae
Colubridae indet.1 Oppel 1811 colubrid snake
Nebraskophis sp.5 Holman 1973 colubrid snake
 Squamata - Palaeophiidae
Palaeophis africanus4 Andrews 1924 snake
Pterosphenus schucherti Lucas 1898 snake
only 11 specimens listed by Parmley and DeVore 2005
 Crocodylia - Crocodylidae
Aves
 Charadriiformes - Alcoidae
Alcidae indet.1 Leach 1820 auk
Reptilia
 Testudines -
Cryptodira indet.6 Cope 1868 turtle
Testudinoidea indet.6 Gray 1825 turtle
 Testudines - Dermochelyidae
Dermochelyidae indet.6 Lydekker 1889 leatherback
 Testudines - Cheloniidae
sensu lato Cheloniidae indet.6 Bonaparte 1832 sea turtle
 Testudines - Trionychidae
Trionychinae indet.6 Gray 1825 softshell turtle
Mammalia
 Carnivora - Amphicyonidae
Daphoenus sp.7 Leidy 1853 bear-dog
 Perissodactyla - Hyracodontidae
Hyracodon sp.7 Leidy 1856 odd-toed ungulate
 Perissodactyla - Brontotheriidae
Megacerops sp.7 Leidy 1870 brontothere
 Cetacea - Basilosauridae
Basilosauridae indet.8 Cope 1867 whale
Dorudon sp.8 Gibbes 1845 whale
 Lagomorpha - Leporidae
Palaeolagus temnodon7 Douglass 1902 rabbit
Chondrichthyes
 Chimaeriformes - Edaphodontidae
Edaphodon sp.3 Buckland 1838 chimaera
 Orectolobiformes - Ginglymostomatidae
Nebrius theilensis2, "Ginglymostoma serra" = Nebrius serra
Nebrius theilensis2 nurse shark
"Ginglymostoma serra" = Nebrius serra Leidy 1877 nurse shark
 Orectolobiformes - Rhinocodontidae
Palaeorhincodon sp.2 Herman 1975 carpet shark
 Carcharhiniformes - Scyliorhinidae
"Scyliorhinus gilberti" = Premontreia gilberti2
"Scyliorhinus gilberti" = Premontreia gilberti2 Casier 1946 cat shark
 Carcharhiniformes - Galeocerdidae
Galeocerdo alabamensis2 Leriche 1942 tiger shark
Galeocerdo latidens Agassiz 1835 tiger shark
 Carcharhiniformes - Hemigaleidae
Hemipristis curvatus Dames 1883 ground shark
 Carcharhiniformes - Carcharhinidae
Physogaleus sp. Cappetta 1980 requiem shark
Physogaleus secundus2 Winkler 1876 requiem shark
Negaprion eurybathrodon2 Blake 1862 lemon shark
"Negaprion gibbesi" = Carcharhinus gibbesii Woodward 1889 requiem shark
Abdounia enniskilleni White 1956 requiem shark
 Carcharhiniformes - Triakidae
 Lamniformes - Carchariidae
Carcharias sp.2 Rafinesque 1810 sand shark
Carcharias hopei Agassiz 1843 sand shark
Carcharias acutissima2 Agassiz 1843 sand shark
 Lamniformes - Mitsukurinidae
Striatolamia cf. macrota2 Agassiz 1838 goblin shark
 Lamniformes - Otodontidae
"Carcharocles angustidens" = Otodus (Carcharocles) angustidens2
"Carcharocles angustidens" = Otodus (Carcharocles) angustidens2 Agassiz 1835 mackerel shark
 Lamniformes - Lamnidae
Isurus sp. Rafinesque 1810 mackerel shark
Isurus praecursor2 Thurmond and Jones 1981 mackerel shark
Carcharodon auriculatus Blainville 1818 white shark
Lamna sp. Cuvier 1816 mackerel shark
 Rajiformes - Rajidae
Raja sp. Linnaeus 1758 skate
 Rhinopristiformes - Pristidae
Propristis schweinfurthi Priem 1897 sawfish
 Myliobatiformes - Myliobatidae
Myliobatis sp. Cuvier 1816 eagle ray
 Myliobatiformes - Rhinopteridae
Rhinoptera sp. Cuvier 1829 cownose ray
 Myliobatiformes - Dasyatidae
Dasyatis sp. Rafinesque 1810 whiptail stingray
 Heterodontiformes - Heterodontidae
Heterodontus sp.2 de Blainville 1816 bullhead shark
 Squatiniformes - Squatinidae
Squatina sp. Dumeril 1806 angel shark
Squatina prima2 Winkler 1874 angel shark