Arbreda Cave, Level I (Pleistocene of Spain)

Where: Spain (42.2° N, 2.7° E: paleocoordinates 42.2° N, 2.8° E)

• coordinate estimated from map

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Late/Upper Pleistocene (0.1 - 0.0 Ma)

• The Late Mousterian level (level I) presents a minimum average thickness of 60 cm. Calibration of the 14C dates using the OxCal 4.1.7 software (Bronk Ramsey, 1995) yielded a value of 45,840–41,410 cal BP (Wood et al., 2014).

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: cave; siliciclastic sediments

Size class: macrofossils

• Level I of the Arbreda sequence demonstrates typical Mousterian industry oriented to flake production mostly from Llevalois and discoidal cores.

Collection methods: quarrying, sieve

Primary reference: L. Lloveras, L. Garcia, J. Maroto, J. Soler, and N. Soler. 2018. The bird assemblage from the Middle Palaeolithic level I of Arbreda Cave: A taphonomic story. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 21:758-770 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]more details

Purpose of describing collection: archaeological analysis

PaleoDB collection 197938: authorized by Matthew Clapham, entered by Matthew Clapham on 02.12.2018

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Aves
 Gruiformes - Rallidae
Porzana porzana Linnaeus 1766 spotted crake
 Strigiformes - Strigidae
Athene noctua Scopoli 1769 little owl
 Columbiformes - Columbidae
Columba sp. Linnaeus 1758 dove
Columba livia or C. oenas
Columba oenas Linnaeus 1758 stock dove
Columba livia Gmelin 1789 rock pigeon
 Coraciiformes - Coraciidae
Coracias garrulus Linnaeus 1758 European roller
 Piciformes - Picidae
Picus viridis Linnaeus 1758 Eurasian green woodpecker
 Anseriformes - Anatidae
Anatidae indet. Vigors 1825 waterfowl
Anser or Branta
Anas sp. Linnaeus 1758 dabbling duck
Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus 1758 mallard
 Passeriformes -
Passeriformes indet. Linnaeus 1758 perching bird
 Passeriformes - Turdidae
Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus 1758 mistle thrush
 Passeriformes - Corvidae
Corvidae indet. Vigors 1825 perching bird
Corvus monedula Linnaeus 1758 Eurasian jackdaw
Corvus corone Linnaeus 1758 carrion crow
Pyrrhocorax sp. Tunstall 1771 chough
Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Linnaeus 1758 red-billed chough
Pyrrhocorax graculus Linnaeus 1766 yellow-billed chough
 Falconiformes - Falconidae
Falco sp. Linnaeus 1758 falcon
Falco naumanni Fleischer 1818 Lesser kestrel
Falco subbuteo Linnaeus 1758 Eurasian hobby
Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus 1758 Common kestrel
Falco vespertinus Linnaeus 1766 Red-footed falcon
 Galliformes - Phasianidae
Phasianidae indet. Horsfield 1821 pheasant
Coturnix coturnix Linnaeus 1758 common quail
Alectoris "sp. 1" Kaup 1829 partridge
Alectoris graeca or A. rufa
Alectoris sp. Kaup 1829 partridge
Alectoris graeca Meisner 1804 rock partridge
Alectoris rufa Linnaeus 1758 red-legged partridge
Perdix perdix Linnaeus 1758 grey partridge
 Charadriiformes -
Charadriiformes indet. Huxley 1867 shorebird
 Charadriiformes - Scolopacidae
Calidris canutus Linnaeus 1758 red knot
 Charadriiformes - Laridae
Chlidonias cf. niger Linnaeus 1758 black tern
 Accipitriformes - Accipitridae
Accipitridae indet. Viellot 1816 hawk
Accipiter gentilis Linnaeus 1758 northern goshawk
Mammalia
 Carnivora - Ursidae
Ursus spelaeus Rosenmüller 1794 cave bear
 Carnivora - Canidae
Canis lupus Linnaeus 1758 gray wolf
Vulpes vulpes Linnaeus 1758 red fox
 Carnivora - Hyaenidae
Crocuta crocuta Erxleben 1777 spotted hyaena
 Carnivora - Felidae
Panthera pardus Linnaeus 1758 leopard
Felis silvestris Schreber 1777 wildcat
Lynx pardinus Temminck 1827 Iberian lynx
 Perissodactyla - Equidae
 Artiodactyla - Cervidae
Cervidae indet. Gray 1821 deer
Cervus-Capreolus
Capreolus capreolus Linnaeus 1758 European roe deer
 Artiodactyla - Bovidae
cf. Bos primigenius Bojanus 1827 ox
 Theriamorpha - Erinaceidae
Erinaceus europaeus Linnaeus 1758 hedgehog
 Lagomorpha - Leporidae
Lepus sp. Linnaeus 1758 hare