Where: Spain (42.2° N, 2.7° E: paleocoordinates 42.2° N, 2.8° E)
• coordinate estimated from map
• outcrop-level geographic resolution
When: Late/Upper Pleistocene (0.1 - 0.0 Ma)
• The Late Mousterian level (level I) presents a minimum average thickness of 60 cm. Calibration of the 14C dates using the OxCal 4.1.7 software (Bronk Ramsey, 1995) yielded a value of 45,840–41,410 cal BP (Wood et al., 2014).
• bed-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: cave; siliciclastic sediments
Size class: macrofossils
• Level I of the Arbreda sequence demonstrates typical Mousterian industry oriented to flake production mostly from Llevalois and discoidal cores.
Collection methods: quarrying, sieve
Primary reference: L. Lloveras, L. Garcia, J. Maroto, J. Soler, and N. Soler. 2018. The bird assemblage from the Middle Palaeolithic level I of Arbreda Cave: A taphonomic story. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 21:758-770 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]more details
Purpose of describing collection: archaeological analysis
PaleoDB collection 197938: authorized by Matthew Clapham, entered by Matthew Clapham on 02.12.2018
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
Aves | |
Porzana porzana Linnaeus 1766 spotted crake | |
Athene noctua Scopoli 1769 little owl | |
Columba oenas Linnaeus 1758 stock dove
Columba livia Gmelin 1789 rock pigeon | |
Coracias garrulus Linnaeus 1758 European roller | |
Picus viridis Linnaeus 1758 Eurasian green woodpecker | |
Anas sp. Linnaeus 1758 dabbling duck
Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus 1758 mallard | |
Passeriformes indet. Linnaeus 1758 perching bird | |
Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus 1758 mistle thrush | |
Corvidae indet., Corvus monedula, Corvus corone, Pyrrhocorax sp., Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Pyrrhocorax graculus
Corvidae indet. Vigors 1825 perching bird
Corvus monedula Linnaeus 1758 Eurasian jackdaw
Corvus corone Linnaeus 1758 carrion crow
Pyrrhocorax sp. Tunstall 1771 chough
Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Linnaeus 1758 red-billed chough
Pyrrhocorax graculus Linnaeus 1766 yellow-billed chough | |
Falco sp. Linnaeus 1758 falcon
Falco naumanni Fleischer 1818 Lesser kestrel
Falco subbuteo Linnaeus 1758 Eurasian hobby
Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus 1758 Common kestrel
Falco vespertinus Linnaeus 1766 Red-footed falcon | |
Phasianidae indet., Coturnix coturnix, Perdicinae indet., Alectoris "sp. 1", Alectoris sp., Alectoris graeca, Alectoris rufa, Perdix perdix
Phasianidae indet. Horsfield 1821 pheasant
Coturnix coturnix Linnaeus 1758 common quail
Perdicinae indet. pheasant
Alectoris sp. Kaup 1829 partridge
Alectoris graeca Meisner 1804 rock partridge
Alectoris rufa Linnaeus 1758 red-legged partridge
Perdix perdix Linnaeus 1758 grey partridge | |
Charadriiformes indet. Huxley 1867 shorebird | |
Calidris canutus Linnaeus 1758 red knot | |
Chlidonias cf. niger Linnaeus 1758 black tern | |
Accipitridae indet. Viellot 1816 hawk
Accipiter gentilis Linnaeus 1758 northern goshawk | |
Mammalia | |
Ursus spelaeus Rosenmüller 1794 cave bear | |
Canis lupus Linnaeus 1758 gray wolf
Vulpes vulpes Linnaeus 1758 red fox | |
Crocuta crocuta Erxleben 1777 spotted hyaena | |
Panthera pardus Linnaeus 1758 leopard
Felis silvestris Schreber 1777 wildcat
Lynx pardinus Temminck 1827 Iberian lynx | |
Equus ferus horse
Equus hydruntinus horse | |
Cervus elephas deer
Capreolus capreolus Linnaeus 1758 European roe deer | |
cf. Bos primigenius Bojanus 1827 ox | |
Erinaceus europaeus Linnaeus 1758 hedgehog | |
Lepus sp. Linnaeus 1758 hare |