Garra Formation Type Area, Beds 2 through 97 (Devonian of Australia)

Also known as Vetotuba-Spirigerina (S.) supramarginalis Community

Where: New South Wales, Australia (34.0° S, 148.8° E: paleocoordinates 5.9° S, 175.1° E)

• coordinate estimated from map

• local area-level geographic resolution

When: Garra Formation, Lochkovian (419.2 - 410.8 Ma)

• Formation generally regarded as Lochkovian-Pragian, but much of study has been closer to Wellington, where the formation seems to be younger. Conodonts support late Lochkovian age for formation in type area. See PBDB collections 25696-25698 and refs. 7152, 7167, and 7168.

• formation-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: marine; grainstone

• "...general pattern of fining of sediments [upward] is consistent with the hypothesized change from a shallow-water gastropod community to a deeper-water brachiopod-dominated community...These data re-enforce Talent and Yolkin's (1987) interpretation of a major transgression-regression cycle, "Garra 1", through this sequence of limestones in the Garra Formation." From Lenz and Johnson, ref. 7167: "The Garra limestones are the product of relatively shallow water deposition; the lower approximately one-third of the formation represents a progressive transgressive sequence, the middle portion is the product of still-sand and gradual infilling, and the upper one-third represents progressive shallowing to supratidal conditions."
• Overall the sections studied include calcarenites, calcisiltites, calcilutites, dolomitic limestone, and birdseye limestone near the top. "Beds 2 to 97 are predominantly calcarenites with some calcisiltites. Beds 104 to 512 show greater fluctuations in lithology with a predominance of calcisiltites and minor calcarenites. From bed 518 upwards calcilutites become prominent, calcisiltites subordinate and calcarenites spasmodic."

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: replaced with silica

Collection methods: Farrell uses quantitative association analysis to recognize three communities. These are: (1) Vetotuba-Spirigerina (S.) supramarginalis Comm., beds 2-97; (2) Platyceras (Orthonychia)-Muiferella Comm., beds. 104-512; (3) Cyrtina-Ogilviella-Howellella Comm., beds 518-1196. Because these sets of beds also differ in predominant lithology, it seems naturally to amalgamate beds into three lists. Abundances given in table 1.

Primary reference: J. R. Farrell. 1992. The Garra Formation (Early Devonian: Late Lochkovian) between Cumnock and Larras Lee, New South Wales, Australia: stratigraphic and structural setting, faunas, and community sequence. Palaeontographica Abteilung A 222(1-3):1-41 [M. Foote/M. Foote/M. Foote]more details

Purpose of describing collection: biostratigraphic analysis

PaleoDB collection 25705: authorized by Michael Foote, entered by Michael Foote on 23.09.2002, edited by Pete Wagner

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

unclassified
  -
Demospongiae
 Clavulina - Clionaidae
Clionolithes sp. Clark 1908 demosponge
Stromatoporoidea
 Stromatoporoidea -
Stromatoporoidea indet. stromatoporoid sponge
Anthozoa
 Rugosa -
Rugosa indet. horn coral
 Stauriida - Mucophyllidae
 Stauriida - Streptelasmatidae
Streptelasma sp. Hall 1847 horn coral
 Stauriida - Disphyllidae
? Chalcidophyllum sp. Pedder 1965 horn coral
 Cystiphyllida - Cystiphyllidae
Microplasma sp. Dybowski 1873 horn coral
Cystiphyllum sp. Lonsdale 1839 horn coral
 Cystiphyllida - Tryplasmatidae
Tryplasma spp. Lonsdale 1845 horn coral
 Cystiphyllida - Goniophyllidae
Rhizophyllum sp. n. sp. Lindström 1866 horn coral
sp. nov. A
 Auloporida - Syringoporidae
Syringopora sp. Goldfuss 1826 tabulate coral
 Auloporida - Auloporidae
Aulopora cf. conglomerata tabulate coral
sp. A (cf. A. c.)
 Heliolitida - Heliolitidae
Heliolites daintreei tabulate coral
 Favositida - Favositidae
Favosites cf. allani tabulate coral
sp. A (cf. F. allani Jones)
Favosites sp. Lamarck 1816 tabulate coral
sp. B (digitate)
Favosites cf. nitidus tabulate coral
sp. C (cf. F. 'nitidus' Chapman)
 Favositida - Parastriatoporidae
 Favositida - Pachyporidae
? Thamnopora sp. Steininger 1831 tabulate coral
Cladopora sp. Hall 1851 tabulate coral
 Favositida - Coenitidae
Coenites sp. Eichwald 1829 tabulate coral
sp. A (coarse corallites)
Cephalopoda
 Bactritida - Bactritidae
Bactrites sp. Sandberger 1843
Polyplacophora
 Paleoloricata - Mattheviidae
Gastropoda
  -
Gastropoda indet. Cuvier 1795 snail
opercula
 Murchisoniina -
Vetotuba sp. Etheridge 1890 snail
sp. A
 Murchisoniina - Loxonematidae
Stylonema spp. Perner 1907 snail
sp. A and cf. sp. A
Stylonema spp. Perner 1907 snail
sp. C and cf. sp. C
Stylonema sp. Perner 1907 snail
sp. B
Loxonema sp. Phillips 1841 snail
 Murchisoniina - Subulitidae
"Subulites (Fusispira) sp." = Fusispira
"Subulites (Fusispira) sp." = Fusispira Hall 1872 snail
 Murchisoniina -
? Murchisonioidea indet. Koken 1896 snail
 Murchisoniina - Hormotomidae
? Ptychocaulus sp. Perner 1907 snail
 Murchisoniina - Murchisoniidae
Michelia sp. Roemer 1855 snail
genus name in quotes
 Murchisoniina - Gosseletinidae
Stenoloron sp. n. sp. Oehlert and Oehlert 1888 snail
lower spire
Stenoloron cf. viennayi Oehlert and Oehlert 1888 snail
 Murchisoniina - Porcelliidae
"Beraunia inusitata" = Anoriostoma inusitata
"Beraunia inusitata" = Anoriostoma inusitata Farrell 1992 snail
 Bellerophontida -
Bellerophontoidea indet. M'Coy 1851 snail
 Euomphalina - Oriostomatidae
Oriostoma sp., "? Cyclonema wellingtonensis" = Australonema wellingtonensis
Oriostoma sp. Munier-Chalmas 1876 snail
"? Cyclonema wellingtonensis" = Australonema wellingtonensis Etheridge 1898 snail
 Euomphalina - Euomphalidae
"Straparollus (? Euomphalus) sp. n. sp." = Euomphalus Sowerby 1814 snail
Straparollus (Straparollus) sp. de Montfort 1810 snail
sp. A
Straparollus (Straparollus) sp. n. sp. de Montfort 1810 snail
Straparollus (? Straparollus) sp. de Montfort 1810 snail
 Euomphalina - Pseudophoridae
cf. Pagodea sp. Perner 1903 snail
 Euomphalina - Omphalotrochidae
Bassotrochus sp. n. sp. Tassell 1978 snail
? Bassotrochus sp. Tassell 1978 snail
 Euomphalina - Platyceratidae
Platyceras (Platyceras) sp. Conrad 1840 snail
 Eogastropoda - Sinuopeidae
? Umbospira sp. Perner 1903 snail
Rostroconchia
 Conocardiida - Conocardiidae
Conocardium sp. Bronn 1835
sp. A
Bivalvia
 Ostreida - Pterineidae
Pterinea sp. Goldfuss 1832 oyster
Actinopteria sp. Hall 1884 oyster
"Leiopteria sp." = Leptodesma (Leiopteria) Hall 1883 oyster
 Nuculida - Nuculidae
? Nuculoidea sp. Williams and Berger 1916 nut clam
  -
"Pelecypoda indet." = Bivalvia
"Pelecypoda indet." = Bivalvia Linnaeus 1758 clam
indet. A, B, C, and D, and others poorly preserved
Strophomenata
 Orthotetida - Areostrophiidae
 Orthotetida - Chilidiopsidae
 Strophomenida - Douvillinidae
Cymostrophia sp. Caster 1939
 Productida - Productellidae
Rhynchonellata
 Rhynchonellida - Machaerariidae
 Rhynchonellida -
"Rhynchonellacea indet." = Rhynchonelloidea
"Rhynchonellacea indet." = Rhynchonelloidea d'Orbigny 1847
 Rhynchonellida - Glossinotoechiidae
 Rhynchonellida - Uncinulidae
Uncinulus sp. Bayle 1878
sp. A (quadrate tongue)
 Rhynchonellida - Hebetoechiidae
? Sphaerirhynchia sp. Cooper and Muir-Wood 1951
 Orthida - Hesperorthidae
 Orthida - Dalmanellidae
Resserella sp. Bancroft 1928
Isorthis sp. Kozlowski 1929
 Orthida - Schizophoriidae
Schizophoria sp. King 1850
 Orthida - Draboviidae
 Protorthida - Skenidiidae
Skenidioides cf. robertsensis Johnson et al. 1973
 Atrypida -
Atrypacea indet. Gill 1871
 Atrypida - Punctatrypidae
 Atrypida - Atrypinidae
"Ogilviella ptyarion n. sp." = Rhynchogilviella
Atrypina cf. erugata Amsden 1968
 Atrypida - Atrypidae
Desquamatia sp. Alekseeva 1960
Atrypa reticularis Linnaeus 1758
 Pentamerida - Gypidulidae
 Pentamerida - Parastrophinidae
"Grayina magnifica" = Anastrophia (Grayina)
"Grayina magnifica" = Anastrophia (Grayina)
 Spiriferinida - Cyrtinidae
 Spiriferida - Ambocoeliidae
 Spiriferida - Xenomartiniidae
Quadrithyrina sp. Havlicek 1959
 Spiriferida - Reticulariidae
"Proreticularia ? beddiei" = Alaskospira, Reticulariopsis sp., ? Reticularia sp.
"Proreticularia ? beddiei" = Alaskospira
? Reticularia sp. Frederiks 1915
 Spiriferida - Delthyrididae
 Athyridida - Athyrididae
 Athyridida - Nucleospiridae
Nucleospira sp. Hall 1859
 Athyridida -
Athyridacea indet. M'Coy 1884
Lingulata
 Lingulida - Discinidae
Orbiculoidea sp. d'Orbigny 1847
Trilobita
  -
Trilobita indet. Walch 1771 trilobite
 Phacopida -
Calymenina indet. Swinnerton 1915 trilobite
Crinoidea
  -
Crinoidea indet. Miller 1821 Sea lily
Conodonta
  -
 Panderodontida - Panderodontidae
"Panderodus recurvatus" = Panderodus panderi, Panderodus unicostatus
"Panderodus recurvatus" = Panderodus panderi Stauffer 1940 conodont
Panderodus unicostatus Branson and Mehl 1933 conodont
 Ozarkodinida - Spathognathodontodae
"Ozarkodina excavata" = Wurmiella excavata
"Ozarkodina excavata" = Wurmiella excavata Branson and Mehl 1933 conodont
 Prioniodontida -
Oulodus aclys conodont
 Protopanderodontida - Protopanderodontidae
Drepanodus sp. Pander 1856 conodont
 Protremata -
Dalmanellacea indet. Schuchert and Cooper 1931