Gaj beds - North bank of Teyra River, Rampur, Kachh (Miocene of Pakistan)

Where: Pakistan (23.3° N, 68.9° E: paleocoordinates 17.4° N, 67.8° E)

• coordinate stated in text

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Gaj Formation, Early/Lower Miocene (23.0 - 16.0 Ma)

• STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS: From the lower Gaj beds, which regionally overlie the Nari beds (Oligocene) and are overlain by the Middle-Late Miocene Mekran beds. AGE: lower Early Miocene, based on similarity with European faunas of Aquitanian age. STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION: from the lower Gaj beds.

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: coastal; poorly lithified siliciclastic sediments

• ENVIRONMENT: Not stated in text, but presumably shallow shelf siliciclastic.
• SPECIFIC LITHOLOGY: Unknown, but presumably siliciclastic. LITHIFICATION: Poorly-lithified, based on figured specimens.

Size class: macrofossils

Collected by Vredenburg

Collection methods: surface (in situ),

• COLLECTORS: Multiple collectors including W. Blanford, Wynne, Hira Lal, Ram Singh, and Noetling (staff of Geological Survey of India) during the early 1900's. REPOSITORY: Geological Survey of India, with voucher specimens possibly at the BMNH.

Primary reference: E. Vredenburg. 1925. Description of Mollusca from the post-Eocene Tertiary formation of north-western India: Cephalopoda, Opisthobranchiata, Siphonostomata. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India 50(1):1-350 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 77172: authorized by Austin Hendy, entered by Austin Hendy on 21.12.2007

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• COVERAGE: Exhaustive for gastropoda, bivalvia, and scaphopoda. NOMENCLATURE: Antiquated, but from an authoritative publication, with use of species and subgenus resolution assignments. Nomenclature can be updated through reference to Harzhauser and Swarko publications.
Gastropoda
 Cerithioidea - Cerithiidae
Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) rude Sowerby 1840 cerith snail
 Neogastropoda - Olivellidae
Agaronia pupa1 Sowerby 1840 snail
 Neogastropoda - Volutidae
Athleta (Volutospina) dentata Sowerby 1839 volute
"Lyria jugosa" = Lyria (Harpeola) jugosa Sowerby 1839 volute
 Neogastropoda - Muricidae
Muricopsis exhexagonus Vredenburg 1925 murex snail
 Neogastropoda - Mitridae
"Mitra (Chrysame) sowerbyi" = Chrysame sowerbyi, Mitra chinensis
"Mitra (Chrysame) sowerbyi" = Chrysame sowerbyi d'Orbigny 1852 mitre shell
Mitra chinensis Gray 1839 mitre shell
SUBSPECIES: Mitra chinensis subscrobiculata
 Neogastropoda - Buccinidae
"Tritonidea (Cantharus) bucklandi" = Cantharus bucklandi
"Tritonidea (Cantharus) bucklandi" = Cantharus bucklandi d'Archiac 1850 true whelk
 Neogastropoda - Melongenidae
"Melongena cornuta" = Galeodes cornutus
"Melongena cornuta" = Galeodes cornutus Agassiz 1843 snail
 Neogastropoda - Turridae
Pleurotoma ickei Martin 1906 turrid
 Neogastropoda - Conidae
Conus (Lithoconus) brevis Sowerby 1840 cone shell
 Neogastropoda - Terebridae
"Terebra (Myurella) reticulata" = Myurella reticulata
"Terebra (Myurella) reticulata" = Myurella reticulata Sowerby 1840 auger snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Ficidae
"Pirula kachhensis" = Ficus kachhensis
"Pirula kachhensis" = Ficus kachhensis Vredenburg 1925 fig shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Cypraeidae
"Cypraea (Bernayia) humerosa" = Barycypraea humerosa, "Cypraea prunum" = Callistocypraea (Miolyncina) prunum
"Cypraea (Bernayia) humerosa" = Barycypraea humerosa Sowerby 1839 cowry
"Cypraea prunum" = Callistocypraea (Miolyncina) prunum Sowerby 1839 cowry
INCLUDES: Cypraea prunum nasuta
 Sorbeoconcha - Cassidae
"Cassidea (Bezoardica) sculpta" = Semicassis sculpta
"Cassidea (Bezoardica) sculpta" = Semicassis sculpta Sowerby 1839 snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Ranellidae
 Opisthobranchia - Haminoeidae
"Atys protocylindrica" = Aliculastrum protocylindrica
"Atys protocylindrica" = Aliculastrum protocylindrica Vredenburg 1925 snail
Bivalvia
 Nuculida - Nuculidae
Nucula cancellata2 Vredenburg 1928 nut clam
 Carditida - Carditidae
 Pholadida - Corbulidae
Corbula tunicosulcata2 Vredenburg 1928 clam
 Cardiida - Veneridae
Dosinia pseudoargus2, "Venus (Omphaloclathrum) puerpera" = Periglypta puerpera2, "Cytherea (Callista) pseudoumbonella" = Macrocallista (Costacallista) pseudoumbonella2, "Venus (Clementia) papyracea" = Clementia (Clementia) papyracea2
Dosinia pseudoargus2 d'Archiac and Haime 1853 venus clam
"Venus (Omphaloclathrum) puerpera" = Periglypta puerpera2 Linnaeus 1758 venus clam
SUBSPECIES: Venus (Omphaloclathrum) puerpera granosa
"Cytherea (Callista) pseudoumbonella" = Macrocallista (Costacallista) pseudoumbonella2 Vredenburg 1928 venus clam
"Venus (Clementia) papyracea" = Clementia (Clementia) papyracea2 Gray 1825 venus clam
 Arcida - Noetiidae
"Arca bataviana" = Arcopsis (Arcopsis) bataviana2
"Arca bataviana" = Arcopsis (Arcopsis) bataviana2 Martin 1883 clam
 Arcida - Arcidae
Arca nannodes2, "Arca semitorta" = Trisidos semitorta2
Arca nannodes2 Martin 1885 ark
"Arca semitorta" = Trisidos semitorta2 Lamarck 1819 clam
 Ostreida - Gryphaeidae
"Ostrea imbricata" = Hyotissa imbricata2
"Ostrea imbricata" = Hyotissa imbricata2 Lamarck 1819 imbricated oyster
 Pectinida - Pectinoidae
"Pecten (Amussiopecten) subcorneus" = Amussium subcorneum2
"Pecten (Amussiopecten) subcorneus" = Amussium subcorneum2 d'Archaic and Haime 1854 scallop