Northwest of Garudamanglam (Cretaceous of India)

Where: Tamil Nadu, India (11.1° N, 78.9° E: paleocoordinates 47.9° S, 42.8° E)

• coordinate stated in text

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Odiyam Member (Karai Formation), Early/Lower Cenomanian (99.6 - 93.5 Ma)

• "The Karai Formation is divided into a lower Odiyam Member, containing the Albian-Cenomanian boundary, and an upper Kunnam Member, containing the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary."; "The presence of the ammonite genera Sharpeiceras and Mariella (A. Gale, pers. comm., 2008) indicates an early Cenomanian age for the beds described here."

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: offshore; lithified, glauconitic mudstone

• "The depositional environment of the Karai Formation is interpreted as an offshore, highstand environment"
• "Fossils all originate from a glauconitic mudstone"

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Collection methods: quarrying, surface (float), sieve,

• Repository: Delhi University, Geology Department, Fossil Catalogue (DUGF)

Primary reference: C. J. Underwood, A. Goswami, G. V. R. Prasad, O. Verma, and J. J. Flynn. 2011. Marine vertebrates from the ‘Middle’ Cretaceous (Early Cenomanian) of South India. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31(3):539-552 [M. Carrano/H. Street]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 110178: authorized by Matthew Carrano, entered by Hallie Street on 03.06.2011, edited by Valentin Fischer

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Chondrichthyes
 Squaliformes - Squalidae
Protosqualus sp. Cappetta 1977 dogfish shark
DUGF/1; incomplete tooth
 Hexanchiformes - Hexanchidae
Gladioserratus magnus n. gen. n. sp. Underwood et al. 2011 cow shark
DUGF/2–6; teeth
Notidanodon sp. Cappetta 1975 cow shark
DUGF/7; tooth fragment
 Lamniformes - Odontaspididae
? Eostriatolamia sp. Glikman 1980 sand tiger shark
One upper lateral tooth (DUGF/31) and one cusp of an anterior tooth (DUGF/32)
 Lamniformes - Anacoracidae
Squalicorax aff. baharijensis Stromer 1927 crow shark
DUGF/33; DUGF/34–37
 Lamniformes - Cardabiodontidae
Dwardius sudindicus n. sp. Underwood et al. 2011 mackerel shark
128 teeth, many fragmentary but some very well preserved (DUGF/17–20, 22–30)
 Lamniformes - Pseudoscapanorhynchidae
Cretodus longiplicatus Werner 1989 mackerel shark
15 teeth, most fragmentary but 3 at least are half complete (DUGF/38–40)
 Lamniformes - Otodontidae
Cretalamna appendiculata Agassiz 1835 mackerel shark
25 teeth, 9 of which are relatively well preserved (DUGF/8–16)
Reptilia
 Ichthyosauria - Ophthalmosauridae
Platypterygiinae indet. Arkhangelsky 2001 ichthyosaur
Six adult teeth (DUGF/41–45), one juvenile tooth (DUGF/46), seven partial vertebrae