Where: Beaufort County, North Carolina (35.4° N, 76.8° W: paleocoordinates 35.4° N, 75.9° W)
• coordinate estimated from map
• outcrop-level geographic resolution
When: Yorktown Formation (Chesapeake Group), Zanclean (5.3 - 3.6 Ma)
• most fossils "are derived from the lower beds of the Yorktown Formation" (McLellan 1983) and the "total thickness of the Yorktown exposure is 15 m" (Snyder et al. 1983)
•
•Strontium dating places the base of the Yorktown Formation at 4.9 Ma [55]. The top of the Yorktown Formation at Lee Creek Mine is no younger than the middle of the Orionina vaughani ostracod assemblage zone, originally dated to ca. 3.7 Ma [53]. This is roughly in agreement with the top of nannoplankton zone NN14 (3.9 Ma) [20, 54], the second of the three nannoplankton zones correlating with the Orionina vaughani zone [53]. Taken together, these observations indicate an age bracket of 4.9–3.9 Ma. (Marx & Fordyce, 2015)
• member-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: estuary or bay; unlithified, blue, argillaceous, muddy sandstone
•"The Yorktown Formation at Lee Creek... is generally a very muddy quartz sand... shell material and cemented sediment comprise less than 3 percent of
•most samples" although there is a "boulder bed" at the top of the formation and a single zone of "extensively leached, partially indurated zone that contains abundant molds of turritellid gastropods and cemented clumps of sediment (Snyder et al. 1983)
Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils, microfossils
Preservation: original phosphate
Collection methods: bulk, salvage, surface (float), sieve
• "Most [large] fossils are collected by prospecting the spoil piles" (McLellan 1983) but forams were collected through bulk sampling and washing with detergent and not acid (Snyder et al. 1983)
Primary reference: F. C. Whitmore. 1987. Cetacea from the Sahabi Formation, Libya. Neogene Paleontology and Geology of Sahabi 145-151 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]more details
Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis
PaleoDB collection 52582: authorized by Mark Uhen, entered by Mark Uhen on 11.08.2005, edited by Jenna David
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
unclassified | |
Foraminifera | |
unclassified | |
Bivalvia | |
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Foraminifera | |
Buliminella elegantissima12, Angulogerina occidentalis12, Bulimina elongata12, Virgulina fusiformis12
Angulogerina occidentalis12 Cushman 1923
Bulimina elongata12 d'Orbigny 1846 | |
Globothalamea | |
Nodosariata | |
Lagena substriata12 Williamson 1848 | |
Foraminifera | |
Globigerinita glutinata28 Egger 1893
Globigerinita uvula28 Ehrenberg 1861 | |
Globorotalia puncticulata8, Globorotalia (Globorotalia) cultrata limbata28, Globorotalia (Globorotalia) hirsuta praehirsuta28, Globorotalia (Turborotalia) praeoscitans28, "Globorotalia (Globorotalia) margaritae" = Globorotalia (Hirsutella) margaritae28, "Globorotalia (Globorotalia) crassula" = Globorotalia (Truncorotalia) crassula28
"Globorotalia (Globorotalia) margaritae" = Globorotalia (Hirsutella) margaritae28 Bolli and Bermudez 1965
"Globorotalia (Globorotalia) crassula" = Globorotalia (Truncorotalia) crassula28 Cushman et al. 1930 | |
Globigerina juvenilis28, Globigerina falconensis12, "Globigerina decoraperta" = Globoturborotalita decoraperta28, Orbulina uiversa28, Orbulina suturalis28, Globigerinoides obliquus extremus28, Globigerinoides ruber28, Globigerinoides bollii28, "Globoquadrina venezuelana" = Dentoglobigerina venezuelana28
Globigerina falconensis12 Blow 1959
"Globigerina decoraperta" = Globoturborotalita decoraperta28 Takayanagi and Saito 1962
Orbulina suturalis28 Broennimann 1951
Globigerinoides obliquus extremus28 Bolli and Bermudez 1965
Globigerinoides ruber28 d'Orbigny 1839
Globigerinoides bollii28 Blow 1959
"Globoquadrina venezuelana" = Dentoglobigerina venezuelana28 Hedberg 1937 | |
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Pinopsida | |
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Echinoidea | |
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Ophiuroidea | |
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Chondrichthyes | |
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Negaprion brevirostris22, Carcharhinus perezi22, Carcharhinus leucas22, Carcharhinus macloti22, Carcharhinus plumbeus22, Carcharhinus obscurus22
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"Isurus xiphodon" = Cosmopolitodus xiphodon22, Lamna sp.22, Isurus oxyrinchus22, "Isurus hastalis" = Carcharodon hastalis22, Carcharodon carcharias22
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"Carcharodon megalodon" = Otodus megalodon22 Agassiz 1835 megalodon Also studied in Pimiento et al. 2010 and in Pimiento and Balk
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"Carcharias cuspidata" = Araloselachus cuspidatus22
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Raja sp.22
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Reptilia | |
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Aves | |
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"Capella aff. media" = Gallinago media21, Numenius aff. borealis21, Tringa aff. ochropus21, Calidris aff. melanotos21
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Aethiinae indet.21, Fratercula aff. cirrhata21, Fratercula aff. arctica21, "Alca antiqua" = Uria antiqua21, Pinguinus alfrednewtoni n. sp.19, Cerorhinca sp.27, Alca sp.21, Alca olsoni n. sp.26, Alca minor n. sp.26, Alca ausonia21, Alca aff. torda21, Alca carolinensis n. sp.26, Miocepphus mergulellus n. sp.37
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Stercorarius aff. parasiticus21, "Catharacta sp." = Stercorarius21, Stercorarius aff. longicaudus21, Stercorarius aff. pomarinus21
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"Larus aff. minutus" = Hydrocoloeus minutus21, "Sterna aff. nilotica" = Gelochelidon nilotica21, Larus ribibundus21, Larus sp.21, Larus aff. delawarensis21, Larus aff. argentatus21, Larus aff. atricilla21, "Sterna aff. maxima" = Thalasseus maximus21
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"Vulturidae indet." = Vulturinae21
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"Anas americana" = Mareca americana21, "Anas discors" = Spatula discors21, "Anas clypeata" = Spatula clypeata21, Histrionicus aff. histrionicus21, Anserini indet.21, Anser cf. arizonae21, "Anabernicula cf. minuscula" = Branta minuscula21, Branta aff. bernicla21, Cygnus aff. columbianus21, Anas acuta21, Anas platyrhynchos21, Melanitta aff. nigra21, Melanitta aff. perspicillata21, Bucephala aff. albeola21, Bucephala aff. clangula21, Somateria sp.21, Somateria aff. mollissima21, Mergus aff. serrator21, Aythya aff. affinis21
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Pelecanus schreiberi n. sp.20
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Morus "undescribedspeciesone"21, Morus "undescribedspeciestwo"21, Morus atlanticus21, Morus peninsularis21, Morus avitus21, "Morus loxostylus" = Moris loxostyla21
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"Phoebastria aff. nigripes" = Diomedea nigripes21, Phoebastria aff. immutabilis21, Phoebastria aff. albatrus21, Phoebastria rexularum21, Phoebastria anglica21
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Puffinus sp.21, Puffinus (Thyellodroma) sp.21, Puffinus aff. pacificoides21, Puffinus lherminieri21, Puffinus cf. puffinus21, Pachyptila sp.21, Procellaria cf. aequinoctialis21, Procellaria cf. parkinsoni21, Calonectris aff. diomedea21, "Calonectris aff. borealis" = Calonectris diomedea borealis21, Calonectris krantzi n. sp.21, ? Bulweria sp.21, Pterodroma lessonii21, "Puffinus (Ardenna) sp." = Ardenna21, "Puffinus aff. gravis" = Ardenna gravis21, "Puffinus aff. tenuirostris" = Ardenna tenuirostris21, Pterodromoides minoricensis21
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Reptilia | |
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Syllomus aegyptiacus39, Procolpochelys sp.39, ? Chelonia sp.39, Caretta patriciae39, Lepidochelys sp.39
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Mammalia | |
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Phocanella pumila23, Paleophoca nystii23, Callophoca obscura23, Auroraphoca atlantica n. gen. n. sp.3, Monachinae indet.1, Homiphoca capensis16, Sarcodectes magnus n. gen. n. sp.24, "Callophoca ambigua" = Mesotaria ambigua23, Gryphoca similis16, Platyphoca vulgaris23
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Gricetoides aurorae n. gen. n. sp.36
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Megaptera sp.34, Megaptera sp.36, Balaenoptera borealina34, Balaenoptera borealina36, Balaenoptera acutorostrata34, Balaenoptera cf. acutorostrata36
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Herpetocetinae indet.35, Herpetocetus sendaicus2, Herpetocetus transatlanticus n. sp.35, Cetotheriinae indet.36
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Bohaskia monodontoides30, cf. Monodon sp.13, Delphinapterus sp.34, Delphinapterus sp.36, cf. Delphinapterus sp.13
Bohaskia monodontoides30 Velez-Juarbe and Pyenson 2012 toothed whale previously identified as Delphinapterus sp. by Whitmore and Kaltenbach, 2008
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Delphinidae indet.13, cf. Delphinidae indet.13, Stenella sp.34, cf. Stenella sp.36, Stenella rayi n. sp.36, cf. Delphinus sp.34, Delphinus sp.36, Tursiops sp.34, Tursiops sp.36, Pseudorca sp.34, Pseudorca sp.36, Globicephala sp.34, Globicephala sp.36, aff. Lagenorhynchus sp., Lagenorhynchus sp.36, Lagenorhynchus harmatuki n. sp.36
aff. Lagenorhynchus sp. Gray 1846 dolphin | |
Pontoporiidae indet.13, cf. Pontoporiidae indet.13, cf. Pontoporia sp.36, Auroracetus bakerae n. gen. n. sp.10, Pliopontos littoralis18
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Kogiidae indet.31, Aprixokogia kelloggi n. gen. n. sp.36, Kogiinae indet.34, Kogiinae indet.36, Kogiinae indet.17, cf. Kogia breviceps36
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Physeteridae indet.36, cf. Orycterocetus sp.36, cf. Kogiopsis floridana36, "cf. Physeter catodon" = Physeter macrocephalus36, Physeterinae indet.34, Physeterinae indet.36, "cf. Physeterula dubusii" = Physeterula dubusi36
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Ninoziphius cf. platyrostris36, aff. Ninoziphius platyrostris13, Ninoziphius platyrostris18, Mesoplodon longirostris34, Mesoplodon longirostris36
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Actinopteri | |
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Sciaenidae indet.7, Cynoscion cf. nebulosus7, Micropogonias sp.7, Leiostomus sp.7, Equetus cf. umbrosus7
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Anisotremus sp.7 Gill 1861 | |
Lopholatilus rayus22 Purdy et al. 2001 | |
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Mola chelonopsis22 Ichishima and Kimura 2009 | |
Chilomycterus schoepfi22 Walbaum 1792 | |
Sphoeroides hyperostosus22 Tyler et al. 1992 | |
Pagrus sp.22, Pagrus hyneus22, Stenotomus cf. chrysops22, Lagodon cf. rhomboides22, Archosargus cf. probatocephalus22
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Serranidae indet.7, Diplectrum cf. formosum7, Centropristis cf. striata7, Epinephelus sp.22, Mycteroperca sp.22
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Seriola sp.22 Cuvier 1817 | |
Sarda aff. sarda22 Bloch 1791
Acanthocybium solandri22 Cuvier 1831
Auxis sp.22 Cuvier 1829
Thunnus sp.22 South 1845
Thunnus thynnus25 Linnaeus 1758 | |
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Ammodytes hexapterus7 Pallas 1814 | |
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Tetrapturus albidus6, Istiophorus platypterus6, Makaira nigricans6, Makaira purdyi6, Makaira purdyi n. sp.5, Makaira indica6
Tetrapturus albidus6 Poey 1860
Istiophorus platypterus6 Shaw and Nodder 1792
Makaira nigricans6 Lacépède 1802
Makaira purdyi6 Fierstine 1999
Makaira purdyi n. sp.5 Fierstine 1999
Makaira indica6 Cuvier 1832 | |
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Osteichthyes | |
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Bivalvia | |
Chesapecten madisonius9, Chlamys decemnaria9, Placopecten aff. magellanicus9, "Placopecten clintonius clintonius" = Placopecten clintonius9
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"Mclelannia aenigma" = Mercenaria38
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Ostracoda | |
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Actinocythereis dawsoni11, Actinocythereis marylandica11, Actinocythereis mundorffi11, Actinocythereis captionis11, Neocaudites subimpressus11, Neocaudites angulatus11, Neocaudites variabilus11, Orionina vaughani11, Murrayina barclayi11
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? Cytheromorpha curta11, Cytheromorpha "i"11, Cytheromorpha suffolkensis11, Cytheromorpha incisa11, Cytheromorpha warneri11, Cytheromorpha macroincisa11, ? Hirschmannia quadrata11, ? Hirschmannia hespera11, Loxoconcha edentonensis11, Loxoconcha matagordensis11, Loxoconcha purisubrhomboidea11, Loxoconcha "c"11, Loxoconcha "h"11, Loxoconcha "m"11, Loxoconcha "s"11, Loxoconcha "t"11, Loxoconcha reticularis11
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Paracyprideis "c"11, Hulingsina americana11, Hulingsina glabra11, Hulingsina rugipustulosa11, Hulingsina "c"11, Hulingsina "f"11, Hulingsina "r"11, Hulingsina "u"11, "Cushmanidea seminuda" = Cushmanidea11, ""Pontocythere" "i"" = Cushmanidea11, ""Pontocythere" "g"" = Cushmanidea11, ""Pontocythere" "j"" = Cushmanidea11, ""Pontocythere" "d"" = Cushmanidea11, Cytheridea virginiensis11, Cytheridea campwallacensis11, Cytheridea carolinensis11, Peratocytheridea bradyi11, Peratocytheridea "j"11, Peratocytheridea setipunctata11, Peratocytheridea sandbergi11, Cyprideis "b"11
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? Cnestocythere sp.11, Microcytherura choctawhatcheensis11, Microcytherura similis11, Microcytherura "d"11, Microcytherura "h"11, Microcytherura "m"11, Microcytherura "p"11, Microcytherura "r"11, Microcytherura expanda11, Microcytherura minuta11
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Cytheropteron talquinensis11, ? Cytheropteron yorktownensis11, Cytherura howei11, Cytherura reticulata11, Cytherura sp.11, Cytherura "aa"11, Cytherura "bb"11, Cytherura "d"11, Cytherura "l"11, Cytherura "m"11, Cytherura "n"11, Cytherura "u"11, Cytherura "w"11, Cytherura elongata11, Cytherura wardensis11, Cytherura forulata11, Paracytheridea altida11, Paracytheridea rugosa11, Paracytheridea "f"11, Paracytheridea cronini11, Paracytheridea mucra11
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Bensonocythere calverti11, Bensonocythere trapezoidalis11, Bensonocythere whitei11, Bensonocythere "m"11, Bensonocythere "oo"11, Bensonocythere "pp"11, Bensonocythere "qq"11, Bensonocythere "rr"11, Bensonocythere gouldensis11, Bensonocythere blackwelderi11, Bensonocythere rugosa11, Bensonocythere ricespitensis11, Bensonocythere bradyi11, Proteoconcha gigantica11, Proteoconcha mimica11, Proteoconcha multipunctata11, Proteoconcha tuberculata11, Proteoconcha "z"11, Proteoconcha jamesensis11, Malzella evexa11, Malzella conradi11, Aurila laevicula11, Muellerina petersburgensis11, Muellerina "p"11, Muellerina blowi11, Muellerina ohmerti11, Muellerina bassiounii11, Muellerina wardi11, Caudites paraasymmetricus11, Echinocythereis planibasalis11, Echinocythereis leecreekensis11, Hermanites ascitus11, Thaerocythere schmidtae11, Thaerocythere carolinensis11
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