Where: Beaufort County, North Carolina (35.4° N, 76.8° W: paleocoordinates 35.4° N, 75.9° W)
• coordinate estimated from map
• outcrop-level geographic resolution
When: Yorktown Formation (Chesapeake Group), Zanclean (5.3 - 3.6 Ma)
• most fossils "are derived from the lower beds of the Yorktown Formation" (McLellan 1983) and the "total thickness of the Yorktown exposure is 15 m" (Snyder et al. 1983)
•
•Strontium dating places the base of the Yorktown Formation at 4.9 Ma [55]. The top of the Yorktown Formation at Lee Creek Mine is no younger than the middle of the Orionina vaughani ostracod assemblage zone, originally dated to ca. 3.7 Ma [53]. This is roughly in agreement with the top of nannoplankton zone NN14 (3.9 Ma) [20, 54], the second of the three nannoplankton zones correlating with the Orionina vaughani zone [53]. Taken together, these observations indicate an age bracket of 4.9–3.9 Ma. (Marx & Fordyce, 2015)
• member-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: estuary or bay; unlithified, blue, argillaceous, muddy sandstone
•"The Yorktown Formation at Lee Creek... is generally a very muddy quartz sand... shell material and cemented sediment comprise less than 3 percent of
•most samples" although there is a "boulder bed" at the top of the formation and a single zone of "extensively leached, partially indurated zone that contains abundant molds of turritellid gastropods and cemented clumps of sediment (Snyder et al. 1983)
Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils, microfossils
Preservation: original phosphate
Collection methods: bulk, salvage, surface (float), sieve
• "Most [large] fossils are collected by prospecting the spoil piles" (McLellan 1983) but forams were collected through bulk sampling and washing with detergent and not acid (Snyder et al. 1983)
Primary reference: F. C. Whitmore. 1987. Cetacea from the Sahabi Formation, Libya. Neogene Paleontology and Geology of Sahabi 145-151 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]more details
Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis
PaleoDB collection 52582: authorized by Mark Uhen, entered by Mark Uhen on 11.08.2005, edited by Jenna David
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
unclassified | |
Foraminifera | |
unclassified | |
Bivalvia | |
Argopecten eboreus watsonensis9, Chesapecten jeffersonius spetenarius7, Chlamys decemnaria9, Chesapecten madisonius9, "Placopecten clintonius clintonius" = Placopecten clintonius9, Placopecten aff. magellanicus9
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"Mclelannia aenigma" = Mercenaria38
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Ostracoda | |
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Murrayina barclayi11, Neocaudites subimpressus11, Neocaudites variabilus11, Neocaudites angulatus11, Actinocythereis dawsoni11, Actinocythereis marylandica11, Actinocythereis mundorffi11, Actinocythereis captionis11, Orionina vaughani11
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? Cytheromorpha curta11, Cytheromorpha "i"11, Cytheromorpha suffolkensis11, Cytheromorpha warneri11, Cytheromorpha incisa11, Cytheromorpha macroincisa11, ? Hirschmannia hespera11, ? Hirschmannia quadrata11, Loxoconcha edentonensis11, Loxoconcha matagordensis11, Loxoconcha purisubrhomboidea11, Loxoconcha "c"11, Loxoconcha "h"11, Loxoconcha "m"11, Loxoconcha "s"11, Loxoconcha "t"11, Loxoconcha reticularis11
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Paracytheridea altida11, Paracytheridea rugosa11, Paracytheridea "f"11, Paracytheridea cronini11, Paracytheridea mucra11, Cytherura howei11, Cytherura reticulata11, Cytherura sp.11, Cytherura "aa"11, Cytherura "bb"11, Cytherura "d"11, Cytherura "l"11, Cytherura "m"11, Cytherura "n"11, Cytherura "u"11, Cytherura "w"11, Cytherura forulata11, Cytherura wardensis11, Cytherura elongata11, Cytheropteron talquinensis11, ? Cytheropteron yorktownensis11
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Microcytherura choctawhatcheensis11, Microcytherura similis11, Microcytherura "d"11, Microcytherura "h"11, Microcytherura "m"11, Microcytherura "p"11, Microcytherura "r"11, Microcytherura minuta11, Microcytherura expanda11, ? Cnestocythere sp.11
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Peratocytheridea bradyi11, Peratocytheridea "j"11, Peratocytheridea setipunctata11, Peratocytheridea sandbergi11, Cytheridea virginiensis11, Cytheridea carolinensis11, Cytheridea campwallacensis11, Paracyprideis "c"11, Hulingsina americana11, Hulingsina glabra11, Hulingsina rugipustulosa11, Hulingsina "c"11, Hulingsina "f"11, Hulingsina "r"11, Hulingsina "u"11, "Cushmanidea seminuda" = Cushmanidea11, ""Pontocythere" "i"" = Cushmanidea11, ""Pontocythere" "g"" = Cushmanidea11, ""Pontocythere" "j"" = Cushmanidea11, ""Pontocythere" "d"" = Cushmanidea11, Cyprideis "b"11
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Hermanites ascitus11, Thaerocythere schmidtae11, Thaerocythere carolinensis11, Malzella conradi11, Malzella evexa11, Aurila laevicula11, Caudites paraasymmetricus11, Muellerina petersburgensis11, Muellerina "p"11, Muellerina bassiounii11, Muellerina blowi11, Muellerina wardi11, Muellerina ohmerti11, Echinocythereis planibasalis11, Echinocythereis leecreekensis11, Bensonocythere calverti11, Bensonocythere trapezoidalis11, Bensonocythere whitei11, Bensonocythere "m"11, Bensonocythere "oo"11, Bensonocythere "pp"11, Bensonocythere "qq"11, Bensonocythere "rr"11, Bensonocythere gouldensis11, Bensonocythere bradyi11, Bensonocythere ricespitensis11, Bensonocythere rugosa11, Bensonocythere blackwelderi11, Proteoconcha gigantica11, Proteoconcha mimica11, Proteoconcha multipunctata11, Proteoconcha tuberculata11, Proteoconcha "z"11, Proteoconcha jamesensis11
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Chondrichthyes | |
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Negaprion brevirostris22, Carcharhinus obscurus22, Carcharhinus leucas22, Carcharhinus perezi22, Carcharhinus plumbeus22, Carcharhinus macloti22
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"Carcharias cuspidata" = Araloselachus cuspidatus22
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Isurus oxyrinchus22, "Isurus xiphodon" = Cosmopolitodus xiphodon22, Carcharodon carcharias22, "Isurus hastalis" = Carcharodon hastalis22, Lamna sp.22
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"Carcharodon megalodon" = Otodus megalodon22 Agassiz 1835 megalodon Also studied in Pimiento et al. 2010 and in Pimiento and Balk
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Raja sp.22
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Osteichthyes | |
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Actinopteri | |
Ammodytes hexapterus7 Pallas 1814 | |
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Makaira nigricans6, Makaira indica6, Makaira purdyi6, Makaira purdyi n. sp.5, Tetrapturus albidus6, Istiophorus platypterus6
Makaira nigricans6 Lacépède 1802
Makaira indica6 Cuvier 1832
Makaira purdyi6 Fierstine 1999
Makaira purdyi n. sp.5 Fierstine 1999
Tetrapturus albidus6 Poey 1860
Istiophorus platypterus6 Shaw and Nodder 1792 | |
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Seriola sp.22 Cuvier 1817 | |
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Sarda aff. sarda22 Bloch 1791
Acanthocybium solandri22 Cuvier 1831
Auxis sp.22 Cuvier 1829
Thunnus sp.22 South 1845
Thunnus thynnus25 Linnaeus 1758 | |
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Archosargus cf. probatocephalus22, Pagrus sp.22, Pagrus hyneus22, Stenotomus cf. chrysops22, Lagodon cf. rhomboides22
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Serranidae indet.7, Mycteroperca sp.22, Diplectrum cf. formosum7, Centropristis cf. striata7, Epinephelus sp.22
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Anisotremus sp.7 Gill 1861 | |
Sciaenidae indet.7, Leiostomus sp.7, Cynoscion cf. nebulosus7, Micropogonias sp.7, Equetus cf. umbrosus7
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Sphoeroides hyperostosus22 Tyler et al. 1992 | |
Chilomycterus schoepfi22 Walbaum 1792 | |
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Mola chelonopsis22 Ichishima and Kimura 2009 | |
Lopholatilus rayus22 Purdy et al. 2001 | |
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Mammalia | |
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"Callophoca ambigua" = Mesotaria ambigua23, Phocanella pumila23, Paleophoca nystii23, Platyphoca vulgaris23, Gryphoca similis16, Auroraphoca atlantica n. gen. n. sp.3, Callophoca obscura23, Monachinae indet.1, Homiphoca capensis16, Sarcodectes magnus n. gen. n. sp.24
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Physeteridae indet.36, Physeterinae indet.34, Physeterinae indet.36, "cf. Physeter catodon" = Physeter macrocephalus36, cf. Orycterocetus sp.36, "cf. Physeterula dubusii" = Physeterula dubusi36, cf. Kogiopsis floridana36
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Kogiidae indet.31, Aprixokogia kelloggi n. gen. n. sp.36, Kogiinae indet.34, Kogiinae indet.36, Kogiinae indet.17, cf. Kogia breviceps36
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Ninoziphius cf. platyrostris36, aff. Ninoziphius platyrostris13, Ninoziphius platyrostris18, Mesoplodon longirostris34, Mesoplodon longirostris36
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Pontoporiidae indet.13, cf. Pontoporiidae indet.13, cf. Pontoporia sp.36, Auroracetus bakerae n. gen. n. sp.10, Pliopontos littoralis18
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Delphinidae indet.13, cf. Delphinidae indet.13, aff. Lagenorhynchus sp., Lagenorhynchus sp.36, Lagenorhynchus harmatuki n. sp.36, cf. Delphinus sp.34, Delphinus sp.36, Stenella sp.34, cf. Stenella sp.36, Stenella rayi n. sp.36, Tursiops sp.34, Tursiops sp.36, Globicephala sp.34, Globicephala sp.36, Pseudorca sp.34, Pseudorca sp.36
aff. Lagenorhynchus sp. Gray 1846 dolphin | |
cf. Monodon sp.13, Delphinapterus sp.34, Delphinapterus sp.36, cf. Delphinapterus sp.13, Bohaskia monodontoides30
Bohaskia monodontoides30 Velez-Juarbe and Pyenson 2012 toothed whale previously identified as Delphinapterus sp. by Whitmore and Kaltenbach, 2008
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Megaptera sp.34, Megaptera sp.36, Balaenoptera acutorostrata34, Balaenoptera cf. acutorostrata36, Balaenoptera borealina34, Balaenoptera borealina36
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Cetotheriinae indet.36, Herpetocetinae indet.35, Herpetocetus sendaicus2, Herpetocetus transatlanticus n. sp.35
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Gricetoides aurorae n. gen. n. sp.36
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Reptilia | |
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Aves | |
Numenius aff. borealis21, Calidris aff. melanotos21, "Capella aff. media" = Gallinago media21, Tringa aff. ochropus21
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Miocepphus mergulellus n. sp.37, Cerorhinca sp.27, Pinguinus alfrednewtoni n. sp.19, "Alca antiqua" = Uria antiqua21, Fratercula aff. arctica21, Fratercula aff. cirrhata21, Alca sp.21, Alca aff. torda21, Alca olsoni n. sp.26, Alca ausonia21, Alca minor n. sp.26, Alca carolinensis n. sp.26, Aethiinae indet.21
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"Catharacta sp." = Stercorarius21, Stercorarius aff. longicaudus21, Stercorarius aff. parasiticus21, Stercorarius aff. pomarinus21
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Larus ribibundus21, Larus sp.21, Larus aff. atricilla21, Larus aff. argentatus21, Larus aff. delawarensis21, "Larus aff. minutus" = Hydrocoloeus minutus21, "Sterna aff. nilotica" = Gelochelidon nilotica21, "Sterna aff. maxima" = Thalasseus maximus21
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Histrionicus aff. histrionicus21, "Anas americana" = Mareca americana21, Cygnus aff. columbianus21, Anserini indet.21, Anser cf. arizonae21, "Anabernicula cf. minuscula" = Branta minuscula21, Branta aff. bernicla21, "Anas discors" = Spatula discors21, "Anas clypeata" = Spatula clypeata21, Anas platyrhynchos21, Anas acuta21, Bucephala aff. albeola21, Bucephala aff. clangula21, Melanitta aff. nigra21, Melanitta aff. perspicillata21, Mergus aff. serrator21, Somateria sp.21, Somateria aff. mollissima21, Aythya aff. affinis21
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Morus "undescribedspeciesone"21, Morus "undescribedspeciestwo"21, Morus peninsularis21, Morus avitus21, Morus atlanticus21, "Morus loxostylus" = Moris loxostyla21
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Pelecanus schreiberi n. sp.20
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Puffinus sp.21, Puffinus (Thyellodroma) sp.21, Puffinus lherminieri21, Puffinus aff. pacificoides21, Puffinus cf. puffinus21, Procellaria cf. parkinsoni21, Procellaria cf. aequinoctialis21, ? Bulweria sp.21, "Puffinus (Ardenna) sp." = Ardenna21, "Puffinus aff. gravis" = Ardenna gravis21, "Puffinus aff. tenuirostris" = Ardenna tenuirostris21, Pterodroma lessonii21, Pterodromoides minoricensis21, Calonectris krantzi n. sp.21, Calonectris aff. diomedea21, "Calonectris aff. borealis" = Calonectris diomedea borealis21, Pachyptila sp.21
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Phoebastria rexularum21, Phoebastria aff. immutabilis21, Phoebastria aff. albatrus21, Phoebastria anglica21, "Phoebastria aff. nigripes" = Diomedea nigripes21
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"Vulturidae indet." = Vulturinae21
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Reptilia | |
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Lepidochelys sp.39, ? Chelonia sp.39, Procolpochelys sp.39, Caretta patriciae39, Syllomus aegyptiacus39
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Ophiuroidea | |
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Echinoidea | |
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Pinopsida | |
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Foraminifera | |
Bulimina elongata12, Angulogerina occidentalis12, Virgulina fusiformis12, Buliminella elegantissima12
Bulimina elongata12 d'Orbigny 1846
Angulogerina occidentalis12 Cushman 1923 | |
Globothalamea | |
Foraminifera | |
Nodosariata | |
Lagena substriata12 Williamson 1848 | |
Foraminifera | |
Globorotalia puncticulata8, Globorotalia (Turborotalia) praeoscitans28, "Globorotalia (Globorotalia) crassula" = Globorotalia (Truncorotalia) crassula28, "Globorotalia (Globorotalia) margaritae" = Globorotalia (Hirsutella) margaritae28, Globorotalia (Globorotalia) cultrata limbata28, Globorotalia (Globorotalia) hirsuta praehirsuta28
"Globorotalia (Globorotalia) crassula" = Globorotalia (Truncorotalia) crassula28 Cushman et al. 1930
"Globorotalia (Globorotalia) margaritae" = Globorotalia (Hirsutella) margaritae28 Bolli and Bermudez 1965 | |
Orbulina uiversa28, Orbulina suturalis28, Globigerina juvenilis28, Globigerina falconensis12, "Globoquadrina venezuelana" = Dentoglobigerina venezuelana28, "Globigerina decoraperta" = Globoturborotalita decoraperta28, Globigerinoides obliquus extremus28, Globigerinoides bollii28, Globigerinoides ruber28
Orbulina suturalis28 Broennimann 1951
Globigerina falconensis12 Blow 1959
"Globoquadrina venezuelana" = Dentoglobigerina venezuelana28 Hedberg 1937
"Globigerina decoraperta" = Globoturborotalita decoraperta28 Takayanagi and Saito 1962
Globigerinoides obliquus extremus28 Bolli and Bermudez 1965
Globigerinoides bollii28 Blow 1959
Globigerinoides ruber28 d'Orbigny 1839 | |
Globigerinita glutinata28 Egger 1893
Globigerinita uvula28 Ehrenberg 1861 | |