Fonelas P-1 (Pleistocene of Spain)

Where: Granada, Spain (37.4° N, 3.2° W: paleocoordinates 37.5° N, 3.3° W)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Guadix Formation, Gelasian (2.6 - 1.8 Ma)

• The magnetostratigraphic studies performed in the Guadix Basin, with this site as the main point of interest, have verified that Fonelas P-1 is located in a reversed polarity horizon (subchronozone C2r.1r), between the normal subchrons Reunion and Olduvai, 4 m directly below the base of this last subchron. Therefore, its age is 2.0 million years (Arribas et al., 2009; Pla et al., 2011).

Environment/lithology: fluvial; lithology not reported

• none given

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: bone collector

Collection methods: quarrying, surface (in situ),

• material is in the Museo Geominero (Instituto Geológico y Minero de España)"

Primary reference: A. Arribas and G. Garrido. 2007. Meles iberica n. sp., a new Eurasian badger (Mammalia, Carnivora, Mustelidae) from Fonelas P-1 (Plio-Pleistocene boundary, Guadix Basin, Granada, Spain). Comptes Rendus Palevol 6(8):545-555 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 77773: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 19.01.2008, edited by Evangelos Vlachos

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• small mammals and other vertebrates are not mentioned
unclassified
  -
Mammalia
 Proboscidea - Elephantidae
Mammuthus meridionalis Nesti 1825 mammoth
 Carnivora - Hyaenidae
Pachycrocuta brevirostris Gervais 1850 brown hyaena
"Hyaena brunnea" = Parahyaena brunnea Thunberg 1820 brown hyaena
 Carnivora - Felidae
Megantereon cultridens Cuvier 1824 cat
Homotherium latidens Owen 1846 scimitar toothed cat
Lynx pardinus Temminck 1827 Iberian lynx
"Lynx pardinus spelaeus"
Acinonyx pardinensis Croizet and Jobert 1828 cheetah
 Carnivora - Mustelidae
Meles iberica n. sp. Arribas and Garrido 2007 badger
 Carnivora - Canidae
Vulpes alopecoides Forsyth Major 1877 fox
Canis sp. Linnaeus 1758 canine
said to be new
Canis etruscus Forsyth Major 1877 canine
Canis accitanus n. sp.2 Garrido and Arribas 2008 canine
FP1-2001-0434 (holotype)
"Canis falconeri" = Xenocyon falconeri Forsyth-Major 1877 canine
 Artiodactyla - Suidae
Potamochoerus sp. Gray 1854 pig
said to be new
 Artiodactyla - Cervidae
Eucladoceros sp. Falconer 1868 deer
Croizetoceros ramosus Croizet and Jobert 1828 deer
 Artiodactyla - Bovidae
Capra sp. Linnaeus 1758 goat
said to be new
Gazella sp.1 Blaineville 1816 gazelle
Praeovibos sp. Staudinger 1908 antelope
 Artiodactyla - Giraffidae
Mitilanotherium sp. Samson and Radulesco 1966 giraffe
said to be new
 Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Stephanorhinus etruscus Falconer 1868 rhinoceros
 Perissodactyla - Equidae
"Equus cf. major" = Equus complicatus
"Equus cf. major" = Equus complicatus Leidy 1858 horse
 Theriamorpha - Erinaceidae
Erinaceidae indet.1 Fischer von Waldheim 1817 hedgehog
 Lagomorpha - Leporidae
Oryctolagus sp.1 Lilljeborg 1874 rabbit
 Lagomorpha - Ochotonidae
 Rodentia - Muridae
Apodemus cf. atavus1 Eurasian field mouse
Stephanomys sp.1 Schaub 1938 mouse
Castillomys sp.1 Michaux 1969 mouse
gr. C. crusafonti-C. rivas
 Rodentia - Cricetidae
Mimomys sp.1 Forsyth-Major 1902 vole
 Rodentia - Gliridae
Eliomys sp.1 Wagner 1840 dormouse
Aves
 Aves -
Reptilia
 Squamata - Anguidae
Anguidae indet.1 Gray 1825 squamates
 Squamata - Lacertidae
Lacertidae indet.1 Bonaparte 1831 squamates
 Squamata - Viperidae
Viperidae indet.1 Oppel 1811 viper
 Squamata - Colubridae
Rhinechis scalaris1 Schinz 1822 ladder snake
 Testudines - Testudinidae
"Eurotestudo sp." = Chersine1, Titanochelon sp.3
"Eurotestudo sp." = Chersine1 Merrem 1820 turtle
Titanochelon sp.3 Pérez-García and Vlachos 2014 turtle
a partial femur and a phalanx, with clear evidence of hyaenid activity