Where: Beaufort County, North Carolina (35.4° N, 76.8° W: paleocoordinates 35.4° N, 75.9° W)
• coordinate estimated from map
• outcrop-level geographic resolution
When: Yorktown Formation (Chesapeake Group), Zanclean (5.3 - 3.6 Ma)
• most fossils "are derived from the lower beds of the Yorktown Formation" (McLellan 1983) and the "total thickness of the Yorktown exposure is 15 m" (Snyder et al. 1983)
•
•Strontium dating places the base of the Yorktown Formation at 4.9 Ma [55]. The top of the Yorktown Formation at Lee Creek Mine is no younger than the middle of the Orionina vaughani ostracod assemblage zone, originally dated to ca. 3.7 Ma [53]. This is roughly in agreement with the top of nannoplankton zone NN14 (3.9 Ma) [20, 54], the second of the three nannoplankton zones correlating with the Orionina vaughani zone [53]. Taken together, these observations indicate an age bracket of 4.9–3.9 Ma. (Marx & Fordyce, 2015)
• member-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: estuary or bay; unlithified, blue, argillaceous, muddy sandstone
•"The Yorktown Formation at Lee Creek... is generally a very muddy quartz sand... shell material and cemented sediment comprise less than 3 percent of
•most samples" although there is a "boulder bed" at the top of the formation and a single zone of "extensively leached, partially indurated zone that contains abundant molds of turritellid gastropods and cemented clumps of sediment (Snyder et al. 1983)
Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils, microfossils
Preservation: original phosphate
Collection methods: bulk, salvage, surface (float), sieve
• "Most [large] fossils are collected by prospecting the spoil piles" (McLellan 1983) but forams were collected through bulk sampling and washing with detergent and not acid (Snyder et al. 1983)
Primary reference: F. C. Whitmore. 1987. Cetacea from the Sahabi Formation, Libya. Neogene Paleontology and Geology of Sahabi 145-151 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]more details
Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis
PaleoDB collection 52582: authorized by Mark Uhen, entered by Mark Uhen on 11.08.2005, edited by Jenna David
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
unclassified | |
Foraminifera | |
unclassified | |
Bivalvia | |
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Mammalia | |
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Physeteridae indet.36, "cf. Physeterula dubusii" = Physeterula dubusi36, "cf. Physeter catodon" = Physeter macrocephalus36, cf. Orycterocetus sp.36, Physeterinae indet.34, Physeterinae indet.36, cf. Kogiopsis floridana36
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Kogiidae indet.31, Aprixokogia kelloggi n. gen. n. sp.36, Kogiinae indet.34, Kogiinae indet.36, Kogiinae indet.17, cf. Kogia breviceps36
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Ninoziphius cf. platyrostris36, aff. Ninoziphius platyrostris13, Ninoziphius platyrostris18, Mesoplodon longirostris34, Mesoplodon longirostris36
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Pontoporiidae indet.13, cf. Pontoporiidae indet.13, cf. Pontoporia sp.36, Auroracetus bakerae n. gen. n. sp.10, Pliopontos littoralis18
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Delphinapterus sp.34, Delphinapterus sp.36, cf. Delphinapterus sp.13, Bohaskia monodontoides30, cf. Monodon sp.13
Bohaskia monodontoides30 Velez-Juarbe and Pyenson 2012 toothed whale previously identified as Delphinapterus sp. by Whitmore and Kaltenbach, 2008
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Delphinidae indet.13, cf. Delphinidae indet.13, aff. Lagenorhynchus sp., Lagenorhynchus sp.36, Lagenorhynchus harmatuki n. sp.36, Pseudorca sp.34, Pseudorca sp.36, Globicephala sp.34, Globicephala sp.36, cf. Delphinus sp.34, Delphinus sp.36, Tursiops sp.34, Tursiops sp.36, Stenella sp.34, cf. Stenella sp.36, Stenella rayi n. sp.36
aff. Lagenorhynchus sp. Gray 1846 dolphin | |
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Gricetoides aurorae n. gen. n. sp.36
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Megaptera sp.34, Megaptera sp.36, Balaenoptera borealina34, Balaenoptera borealina36, Balaenoptera acutorostrata34, Balaenoptera cf. acutorostrata36
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Cetotheriinae indet.36, Herpetocetinae indet.35, Herpetocetus transatlanticus n. sp.35, Herpetocetus sendaicus2
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"Callophoca ambigua" = Mesotaria ambigua23, Platyphoca vulgaris23, Phocanella pumila23, Gryphoca similis16, Auroraphoca atlantica n. gen. n. sp.3, Paleophoca nystii23, Callophoca obscura23, Monachinae indet.1, Sarcodectes magnus n. gen. n. sp.24, Homiphoca capensis16
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Reptilia | |
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Syllomus aegyptiacus39, Lepidochelys sp.39, ? Chelonia sp.39, Procolpochelys sp.39, Caretta patriciae39
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Aves | |
Fratercula aff. arctica21, Fratercula aff. cirrhata21, Alca sp.21, Alca olsoni n. sp.26, Alca ausonia21, Alca aff. torda21, Alca carolinensis n. sp.26, Alca minor n. sp.26, "Alca antiqua" = Uria antiqua21, Pinguinus alfrednewtoni n. sp.19, Cerorhinca sp.27, Aethiinae indet.21, Miocepphus mergulellus n. sp.37
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Calidris aff. melanotos21, Numenius aff. borealis21, Tringa aff. ochropus21, "Capella aff. media" = Gallinago media21
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Stercorarius aff. longicaudus21, Stercorarius aff. parasiticus21, "Catharacta sp." = Stercorarius21, Stercorarius aff. pomarinus21
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Larus ribibundus21, Larus sp.21, Larus aff. delawarensis21, Larus aff. argentatus21, Larus aff. atricilla21, "Sterna aff. nilotica" = Gelochelidon nilotica21, "Sterna aff. maxima" = Thalasseus maximus21, "Larus aff. minutus" = Hydrocoloeus minutus21
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Morus "undescribedspeciesone"21, Morus "undescribedspeciestwo"21, Morus avitus21, Morus peninsularis21, "Morus loxostylus" = Moris loxostyla21, Morus atlanticus21
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Pelecanus schreiberi n. sp.20
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? Bulweria sp.21, Pachyptila sp.21, Procellaria cf. aequinoctialis21, Procellaria cf. parkinsoni21, "Puffinus (Ardenna) sp." = Ardenna21, "Puffinus aff. gravis" = Ardenna gravis21, "Puffinus aff. tenuirostris" = Ardenna tenuirostris21, Calonectris krantzi n. sp.21, Calonectris aff. diomedea21, "Calonectris aff. borealis" = Calonectris diomedea borealis21, Puffinus sp.21, Puffinus (Thyellodroma) sp.21, Puffinus aff. pacificoides21, Puffinus lherminieri21, Puffinus cf. puffinus21, Pterodromoides minoricensis21, Pterodroma lessonii21
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Phoebastria aff. immutabilis21, Phoebastria anglica21, Phoebastria rexularum21, Phoebastria aff. albatrus21, "Phoebastria aff. nigripes" = Diomedea nigripes21
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Somateria sp.21, Somateria aff. mollissima21, Mergus aff. serrator21, Melanitta aff. nigra21, Melanitta aff. perspicillata21, Bucephala aff. albeola21, Bucephala aff. clangula21, Aythya aff. affinis21, Anas acuta21, Anas platyrhynchos21, "Anas americana" = Mareca americana21, "Anas discors" = Spatula discors21, "Anas clypeata" = Spatula clypeata21, Histrionicus aff. histrionicus21, Cygnus aff. columbianus21, Anserini indet.21, Anser cf. arizonae21, Branta aff. bernicla21, "Anabernicula cf. minuscula" = Branta minuscula21
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"Vulturidae indet." = Vulturinae21
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Reptilia | |
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Osteichthyes | |
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Actinopteri | |
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Makaira purdyi6, Makaira purdyi n. sp.5, Makaira nigricans6, Makaira indica6, Istiophorus platypterus6, Tetrapturus albidus6
Makaira purdyi6 Fierstine 1999
Makaira purdyi n. sp.5 Fierstine 1999
Makaira nigricans6 Lacépède 1802
Makaira indica6 Cuvier 1832
Istiophorus platypterus6 Shaw and Nodder 1792
Tetrapturus albidus6 Poey 1860 | |
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Ammodytes hexapterus7 Pallas 1814 | |
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Seriola sp.22 Cuvier 1817 | |
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Stenotomus cf. chrysops22, Lagodon cf. rhomboides22, Archosargus cf. probatocephalus22, Pagrus sp.22, Pagrus hyneus22
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Serranidae indet.7, Epinephelus sp.22, Diplectrum cf. formosum7, Mycteroperca sp.22, Centropristis cf. striata7
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Anisotremus sp.7 Gill 1861 | |
Lopholatilus rayus22 Purdy et al. 2001 | |
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Sciaenidae indet.7, Micropogonias sp.7, Cynoscion cf. nebulosus7, Leiostomus sp.7, Equetus cf. umbrosus7
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Chilomycterus schoepfi22 Walbaum 1792 | |
Sphoeroides hyperostosus22 Tyler et al. 1992 | |
Mola chelonopsis22 Ichishima and Kimura 2009 | |
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Sarda aff. sarda22 Bloch 1791
Thunnus sp.22 South 1845
Thunnus thynnus25 Linnaeus 1758
Auxis sp.22 Cuvier 1829
Acanthocybium solandri22 Cuvier 1831 | |
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Chondrichthyes | |
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Raja sp.22
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Negaprion brevirostris22, Carcharhinus perezi22, Carcharhinus plumbeus22, Carcharhinus obscurus22, Carcharhinus leucas22, Carcharhinus macloti22
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"Carcharias cuspidata" = Araloselachus cuspidatus22
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"Carcharodon megalodon" = Otodus megalodon22 Agassiz 1835 megalodon Also studied in Pimiento et al. 2010 and in Pimiento and Balk
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Lamna sp.22, Carcharodon carcharias22, "Isurus hastalis" = Carcharodon hastalis22, Isurus oxyrinchus22, "Isurus xiphodon" = Cosmopolitodus xiphodon22
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Echinoidea | |
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Ophiuroidea | |
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Bivalvia | |
"Mclelannia aenigma" = Mercenaria38
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Chesapecten madisonius9, "Placopecten clintonius clintonius" = Placopecten clintonius9, Placopecten aff. magellanicus9, Chlamys decemnaria9
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Ostracoda | |
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Malzella evexa11, Malzella conradi11, Caudites paraasymmetricus11, Aurila laevicula11, Echinocythereis planibasalis11, Echinocythereis leecreekensis11, Proteoconcha gigantica11, Proteoconcha mimica11, Proteoconcha multipunctata11, Proteoconcha tuberculata11, Proteoconcha "z"11, Proteoconcha jamesensis11, Bensonocythere calverti11, Bensonocythere trapezoidalis11, Bensonocythere whitei11, Bensonocythere "m"11, Bensonocythere "oo"11, Bensonocythere "pp"11, Bensonocythere "qq"11, Bensonocythere "rr"11, Bensonocythere rugosa11, Bensonocythere ricespitensis11, Bensonocythere bradyi11, Bensonocythere gouldensis11, Bensonocythere blackwelderi11, Hermanites ascitus11, Thaerocythere schmidtae11, Thaerocythere carolinensis11, Muellerina petersburgensis11, Muellerina "p"11, Muellerina ohmerti11, Muellerina wardi11, Muellerina bassiounii11, Muellerina blowi11
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Actinocythereis dawsoni11, Actinocythereis marylandica11, Actinocythereis mundorffi11, Actinocythereis captionis11, Neocaudites subimpressus11, Neocaudites variabilus11, Neocaudites angulatus11, Orionina vaughani11, Murrayina barclayi11
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Paracytheridea altida11, Paracytheridea rugosa11, Paracytheridea "f"11, Paracytheridea mucra11, Paracytheridea cronini11, Cytheropteron talquinensis11, ? Cytheropteron yorktownensis11, Cytherura howei11, Cytherura reticulata11, Cytherura sp.11, Cytherura "aa"11, Cytherura "bb"11, Cytherura "d"11, Cytherura "l"11, Cytherura "m"11, Cytherura "n"11, Cytherura "u"11, Cytherura "w"11, Cytherura wardensis11, Cytherura forulata11, Cytherura elongata11
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Loxoconcha edentonensis11, Loxoconcha matagordensis11, Loxoconcha purisubrhomboidea11, Loxoconcha "c"11, Loxoconcha "h"11, Loxoconcha "m"11, Loxoconcha "s"11, Loxoconcha "t"11, Loxoconcha reticularis11, ? Hirschmannia hespera11, ? Hirschmannia quadrata11, ? Cytheromorpha curta11, Cytheromorpha "i"11, Cytheromorpha incisa11, Cytheromorpha macroincisa11, Cytheromorpha warneri11, Cytheromorpha suffolkensis11
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? Cnestocythere sp.11, Microcytherura choctawhatcheensis11, Microcytherura similis11, Microcytherura "d"11, Microcytherura "h"11, Microcytherura "m"11, Microcytherura "p"11, Microcytherura "r"11, Microcytherura minuta11, Microcytherura expanda11
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Cyprideis "b"11, "Cushmanidea seminuda" = Cushmanidea11, ""Pontocythere" "i"" = Cushmanidea11, ""Pontocythere" "g"" = Cushmanidea11, ""Pontocythere" "j"" = Cushmanidea11, ""Pontocythere" "d"" = Cushmanidea11, Paracyprideis "c"11, Hulingsina americana11, Hulingsina glabra11, Hulingsina rugipustulosa11, Hulingsina "c"11, Hulingsina "f"11, Hulingsina "r"11, Hulingsina "u"11, Cytheridea virginiensis11, Cytheridea carolinensis11, Cytheridea campwallacensis11, Peratocytheridea bradyi11, Peratocytheridea "j"11, Peratocytheridea sandbergi11, Peratocytheridea setipunctata11
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Globothalamea | |
Foraminifera | |
Buliminella elegantissima12, Angulogerina occidentalis12, Virgulina fusiformis12, Bulimina elongata12
Angulogerina occidentalis12 Cushman 1923
Bulimina elongata12 d'Orbigny 1846 | |
Nodosariata | |
Lagena substriata12 Williamson 1848 | |
Foraminifera | |
Globorotalia puncticulata8, "Globorotalia (Globorotalia) crassula" = Globorotalia (Truncorotalia) crassula28, "Globorotalia (Globorotalia) margaritae" = Globorotalia (Hirsutella) margaritae28, Globorotalia (Globorotalia) cultrata limbata28, Globorotalia (Globorotalia) hirsuta praehirsuta28, Globorotalia (Turborotalia) praeoscitans28
"Globorotalia (Globorotalia) crassula" = Globorotalia (Truncorotalia) crassula28 Cushman et al. 1930
"Globorotalia (Globorotalia) margaritae" = Globorotalia (Hirsutella) margaritae28 Bolli and Bermudez 1965 | |
"Globoquadrina venezuelana" = Dentoglobigerina venezuelana28, Orbulina uiversa28, Orbulina suturalis28, Globigerina juvenilis28, Globigerina falconensis12, Globigerinoides ruber28, Globigerinoides obliquus extremus28, Globigerinoides bollii28, "Globigerina decoraperta" = Globoturborotalita decoraperta28
"Globoquadrina venezuelana" = Dentoglobigerina venezuelana28 Hedberg 1937
Orbulina suturalis28 Broennimann 1951
Globigerina falconensis12 Blow 1959
Globigerinoides ruber28 d'Orbigny 1839
Globigerinoides obliquus extremus28 Bolli and Bermudez 1965
Globigerinoides bollii28 Blow 1959
"Globigerina decoraperta" = Globoturborotalita decoraperta28 Takayanagi and Saito 1962 | |
Globigerinita glutinata28 Egger 1893
Globigerinita uvula28 Ehrenberg 1861 | |
Pinopsida | |
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