Where: Beaufort County, North Carolina (35.4° N, 76.8° W: paleocoordinates 35.4° N, 75.9° W)
• coordinate estimated from map
• outcrop-level geographic resolution
When: Yorktown Formation (Chesapeake Group), Zanclean (5.3 - 3.6 Ma)
• most fossils "are derived from the lower beds of the Yorktown Formation" (McLellan 1983) and the "total thickness of the Yorktown exposure is 15 m" (Snyder et al. 1983)
•
•Strontium dating places the base of the Yorktown Formation at 4.9 Ma [55]. The top of the Yorktown Formation at Lee Creek Mine is no younger than the middle of the Orionina vaughani ostracod assemblage zone, originally dated to ca. 3.7 Ma [53]. This is roughly in agreement with the top of nannoplankton zone NN14 (3.9 Ma) [20, 54], the second of the three nannoplankton zones correlating with the Orionina vaughani zone [53]. Taken together, these observations indicate an age bracket of 4.9–3.9 Ma. (Marx & Fordyce, 2015)
• member-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: estuary or bay; unlithified, blue, argillaceous, muddy sandstone
•"The Yorktown Formation at Lee Creek... is generally a very muddy quartz sand... shell material and cemented sediment comprise less than 3 percent of
•most samples" although there is a "boulder bed" at the top of the formation and a single zone of "extensively leached, partially indurated zone that contains abundant molds of turritellid gastropods and cemented clumps of sediment (Snyder et al. 1983)
Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils, microfossils
Preservation: original phosphate
Collection methods: bulk, salvage, surface (float), sieve
• "Most [large] fossils are collected by prospecting the spoil piles" (McLellan 1983) but forams were collected through bulk sampling and washing with detergent and not acid (Snyder et al. 1983)
Primary reference: F. C. Whitmore. 1987. Cetacea from the Sahabi Formation, Libya. Neogene Paleontology and Geology of Sahabi 145-151 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]more details
Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis
PaleoDB collection 52582: authorized by Mark Uhen, entered by Mark Uhen on 11.08.2005, edited by Jenna David
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
unclassified | |
Foraminifera | |
unclassified | |
Bivalvia | |
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Ostracoda | |
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Echinocythereis planibasalis11, Echinocythereis leecreekensis11, Proteoconcha gigantica11, Proteoconcha mimica11, Proteoconcha multipunctata11, Proteoconcha tuberculata11, Proteoconcha "z"11, Proteoconcha jamesensis11, Bensonocythere calverti11, Bensonocythere trapezoidalis11, Bensonocythere whitei11, Bensonocythere "m"11, Bensonocythere "oo"11, Bensonocythere "pp"11, Bensonocythere "qq"11, Bensonocythere "rr"11, Bensonocythere ricespitensis11, Bensonocythere gouldensis11, Bensonocythere bradyi11, Bensonocythere rugosa11, Bensonocythere blackwelderi11, Thaerocythere schmidtae11, Thaerocythere carolinensis11, Hermanites ascitus11, Muellerina petersburgensis11, Muellerina "p"11, Muellerina ohmerti11, Muellerina wardi11, Muellerina blowi11, Muellerina bassiounii11, Malzella evexa11, Malzella conradi11, Caudites paraasymmetricus11, Aurila laevicula11
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Microcytherura choctawhatcheensis11, Microcytherura similis11, Microcytherura "d"11, Microcytherura "h"11, Microcytherura "m"11, Microcytherura "p"11, Microcytherura "r"11, Microcytherura minuta11, Microcytherura expanda11, ? Cnestocythere sp.11
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? Hirschmannia quadrata11, ? Hirschmannia hespera11, Loxoconcha edentonensis11, Loxoconcha matagordensis11, Loxoconcha purisubrhomboidea11, Loxoconcha "c"11, Loxoconcha "h"11, Loxoconcha "m"11, Loxoconcha "s"11, Loxoconcha "t"11, Loxoconcha reticularis11, ? Cytheromorpha curta11, Cytheromorpha "i"11, Cytheromorpha warneri11, Cytheromorpha suffolkensis11, Cytheromorpha macroincisa11, Cytheromorpha incisa11
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Cytherura howei11, Cytherura reticulata11, Cytherura sp.11, Cytherura "aa"11, Cytherura "bb"11, Cytherura "d"11, Cytherura "l"11, Cytherura "m"11, Cytherura "n"11, Cytherura "u"11, Cytherura "w"11, Cytherura forulata11, Cytherura wardensis11, Cytherura elongata11, Paracytheridea altida11, Paracytheridea rugosa11, Paracytheridea "f"11, Paracytheridea cronini11, Paracytheridea mucra11, Cytheropteron talquinensis11, ? Cytheropteron yorktownensis11
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Cyprideis "b"11, Hulingsina americana11, Hulingsina glabra11, Hulingsina rugipustulosa11, Hulingsina "c"11, Hulingsina "f"11, Hulingsina "r"11, Hulingsina "u"11, "Cushmanidea seminuda" = Cushmanidea11, ""Pontocythere" "i"" = Cushmanidea11, ""Pontocythere" "g"" = Cushmanidea11, ""Pontocythere" "j"" = Cushmanidea11, ""Pontocythere" "d"" = Cushmanidea11, Paracyprideis "c"11, Peratocytheridea bradyi11, Peratocytheridea "j"11, Peratocytheridea sandbergi11, Peratocytheridea setipunctata11, Cytheridea virginiensis11, Cytheridea carolinensis11, Cytheridea campwallacensis11
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Neocaudites subimpressus11, Neocaudites angulatus11, Neocaudites variabilus11, Orionina vaughani11, Actinocythereis dawsoni11, Actinocythereis marylandica11, Actinocythereis mundorffi11, Actinocythereis captionis11, Murrayina barclayi11
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Bivalvia | |
Chesapecten madisonius9, Chlamys decemnaria9, "Placopecten clintonius clintonius" = Placopecten clintonius9, Placopecten aff. magellanicus9
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"Mclelannia aenigma" = Mercenaria38
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Echinoidea | |
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Ophiuroidea | |
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Chondrichthyes | |
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"Carcharias cuspidata" = Araloselachus cuspidatus22
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"Carcharodon megalodon" = Otodus megalodon22 Agassiz 1835 megalodon Also studied in Pimiento et al. 2010 and in Pimiento and Balk
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"Isurus hastalis" = Carcharodon hastalis22, Carcharodon carcharias22, "Isurus xiphodon" = Cosmopolitodus xiphodon22, Lamna sp.22, Isurus oxyrinchus22
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Carcharhinus obscurus22, Carcharhinus plumbeus22, Carcharhinus perezi22, Carcharhinus macloti22, Carcharhinus leucas22, Negaprion brevirostris22
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Raja sp.22
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Osteichthyes | |
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Reptilia | |
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Lepidochelys sp.39, Procolpochelys sp.39, Syllomus aegyptiacus39, ? Chelonia sp.39, Caretta patriciae39
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Aves | |
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Mergus aff. serrator21, Bucephala aff. clangula21, Bucephala aff. albeola21, Melanitta aff. perspicillata21, Melanitta aff. nigra21, Somateria sp.21, Somateria aff. mollissima21, Aythya aff. affinis21, Anas acuta21, Anas platyrhynchos21, "Anas discors" = Spatula discors21, "Anas clypeata" = Spatula clypeata21, "Anas americana" = Mareca americana21, Histrionicus aff. histrionicus21, Cygnus aff. columbianus21, Anserini indet.21, Anser cf. arizonae21, Branta aff. bernicla21, "Anabernicula cf. minuscula" = Branta minuscula21
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Pelecanus schreiberi n. sp.20
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Morus "undescribedspeciesone"21, Morus "undescribedspeciestwo"21, "Morus loxostylus" = Moris loxostyla21, Morus atlanticus21, Morus avitus21, Morus peninsularis21
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Phoebastria aff. albatrus21, Phoebastria aff. immutabilis21, Phoebastria anglica21, Phoebastria rexularum21, "Phoebastria aff. nigripes" = Diomedea nigripes21
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Pterodromoides minoricensis21, Pachyptila sp.21, Puffinus sp.21, Puffinus (Thyellodroma) sp.21, Puffinus aff. pacificoides21, Puffinus lherminieri21, Puffinus cf. puffinus21, Procellaria cf. parkinsoni21, Procellaria cf. aequinoctialis21, Pterodroma lessonii21, Calonectris krantzi n. sp.21, Calonectris aff. diomedea21, "Calonectris aff. borealis" = Calonectris diomedea borealis21, "Puffinus (Ardenna) sp." = Ardenna21, "Puffinus aff. tenuirostris" = Ardenna tenuirostris21, "Puffinus aff. gravis" = Ardenna gravis21, ? Bulweria sp.21
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"Vulturidae indet." = Vulturinae21
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Stercorarius aff. pomarinus21, Stercorarius aff. parasiticus21, Stercorarius aff. longicaudus21, "Catharacta sp." = Stercorarius21
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"Sterna aff. nilotica" = Gelochelidon nilotica21, Larus ribibundus21, Larus sp.21, Larus aff. argentatus21, Larus aff. delawarensis21, Larus aff. atricilla21, "Larus aff. minutus" = Hydrocoloeus minutus21, "Sterna aff. maxima" = Thalasseus maximus21
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Tringa aff. ochropus21, Numenius aff. borealis21, "Capella aff. media" = Gallinago media21, Calidris aff. melanotos21
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Cerorhinca sp.27, "Alca antiqua" = Uria antiqua21, Pinguinus alfrednewtoni n. sp.19, Alca sp.21, Alca ausonia21, Alca aff. torda21, Alca olsoni n. sp.26, Alca carolinensis n. sp.26, Alca minor n. sp.26, Fratercula aff. arctica21, Fratercula aff. cirrhata21, Aethiinae indet.21, Miocepphus mergulellus n. sp.37
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Mammalia | |
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Gricetoides aurorae n. gen. n. sp.36
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Herpetocetinae indet.35, Herpetocetus sendaicus2, Herpetocetus transatlanticus n. sp.35, Cetotheriinae indet.36
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Balaenoptera borealina34, Balaenoptera borealina36, Balaenoptera acutorostrata34, Balaenoptera cf. acutorostrata36, Megaptera sp.34, Megaptera sp.36
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Kogiidae indet.31, Aprixokogia kelloggi n. gen. n. sp.36, Kogiinae indet.34, Kogiinae indet.36, Kogiinae indet.17, cf. Kogia breviceps36
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Physeteridae indet.36, "cf. Physeter catodon" = Physeter macrocephalus36, "cf. Physeterula dubusii" = Physeterula dubusi36, cf. Orycterocetus sp.36, cf. Kogiopsis floridana36, Physeterinae indet.34, Physeterinae indet.36
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Delphinidae indet.13, cf. Delphinidae indet.13, Pseudorca sp.34, Pseudorca sp.36, Globicephala sp.34, Globicephala sp.36, cf. Delphinus sp.34, Delphinus sp.36, Tursiops sp.34, Tursiops sp.36, Stenella sp.34, cf. Stenella sp.36, Stenella rayi n. sp.36, aff. Lagenorhynchus sp., Lagenorhynchus sp.36, Lagenorhynchus harmatuki n. sp.36
aff. Lagenorhynchus sp. Gray 1846 dolphin | |
cf. Monodon sp.13, Bohaskia monodontoides30, Delphinapterus sp.34, Delphinapterus sp.36, cf. Delphinapterus sp.13
Bohaskia monodontoides30 Velez-Juarbe and Pyenson 2012 toothed whale previously identified as Delphinapterus sp. by Whitmore and Kaltenbach, 2008
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Pontoporiidae indet.13, cf. Pontoporiidae indet.13, Pliopontos littoralis18, cf. Pontoporia sp.36, Auroracetus bakerae n. gen. n. sp.10
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Mesoplodon longirostris34, Mesoplodon longirostris36, Ninoziphius cf. platyrostris36, aff. Ninoziphius platyrostris13, Ninoziphius platyrostris18
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Monachinae indet.1, Homiphoca capensis16, Sarcodectes magnus n. gen. n. sp.24, Callophoca obscura23, Auroraphoca atlantica n. gen. n. sp.3, Gryphoca similis16, "Callophoca ambigua" = Mesotaria ambigua23, Paleophoca nystii23, Platyphoca vulgaris23, Phocanella pumila23
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Actinopteri | |
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Sarda aff. sarda22 Bloch 1791
Acanthocybium solandri22 Cuvier 1831
Auxis sp.22 Cuvier 1829
Thunnus sp.22 South 1845
Thunnus thynnus25 Linnaeus 1758 | |
Seriola sp.22 Cuvier 1817 | |
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Serranidae indet.7, Diplectrum cf. formosum7, Epinephelus sp.22, Centropristis cf. striata7, Mycteroperca sp.22
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Archosargus cf. probatocephalus22, Lagodon cf. rhomboides22, Stenotomus cf. chrysops22, Pagrus sp.22, Pagrus hyneus22
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Sciaenidae indet.7, Leiostomus sp.7, Micropogonias sp.7, Cynoscion cf. nebulosus7, Equetus cf. umbrosus7
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Anisotremus sp.7 Gill 1861 | |
Sphoeroides hyperostosus22 Tyler et al. 1992 | |
Chilomycterus schoepfi22 Walbaum 1792 | |
Mola chelonopsis22 Ichishima and Kimura 2009 | |
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Lopholatilus rayus22 Purdy et al. 2001 | |
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Ammodytes hexapterus7 Pallas 1814 | |
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Tetrapturus albidus6, Makaira indica6, Makaira purdyi6, Makaira purdyi n. sp.5, Makaira nigricans6, Istiophorus platypterus6
Tetrapturus albidus6 Poey 1860
Makaira indica6 Cuvier 1832
Makaira purdyi6 Fierstine 1999
Makaira purdyi n. sp.5 Fierstine 1999
Makaira nigricans6 Lacépède 1802
Istiophorus platypterus6 Shaw and Nodder 1792 | |
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Foraminifera | |
Bulimina elongata12, Angulogerina occidentalis12, Buliminella elegantissima12, Virgulina fusiformis12
Bulimina elongata12 d'Orbigny 1846
Angulogerina occidentalis12 Cushman 1923 | |
Nodosariata | |
Lagena substriata12 Williamson 1848 | |
Foraminifera | |
Globothalamea | |
Foraminifera | |
Globigerinita glutinata28 Egger 1893
Globigerinita uvula28 Ehrenberg 1861 | |
Globigerina juvenilis28, Globigerina falconensis12, Globigerinoides ruber28, Globigerinoides obliquus extremus28, Globigerinoides bollii28, "Globigerina decoraperta" = Globoturborotalita decoraperta28, Orbulina uiversa28, Orbulina suturalis28, "Globoquadrina venezuelana" = Dentoglobigerina venezuelana28
Globigerina falconensis12 Blow 1959
Globigerinoides ruber28 d'Orbigny 1839
Globigerinoides obliquus extremus28 Bolli and Bermudez 1965
Globigerinoides bollii28 Blow 1959
"Globigerina decoraperta" = Globoturborotalita decoraperta28 Takayanagi and Saito 1962
Orbulina suturalis28 Broennimann 1951
"Globoquadrina venezuelana" = Dentoglobigerina venezuelana28 Hedberg 1937 | |
Globorotalia puncticulata8, "Globorotalia (Globorotalia) crassula" = Globorotalia (Truncorotalia) crassula28, Globorotalia (Turborotalia) praeoscitans28, "Globorotalia (Globorotalia) margaritae" = Globorotalia (Hirsutella) margaritae28, Globorotalia (Globorotalia) cultrata limbata28, Globorotalia (Globorotalia) hirsuta praehirsuta28
"Globorotalia (Globorotalia) crassula" = Globorotalia (Truncorotalia) crassula28 Cushman et al. 1930
"Globorotalia (Globorotalia) margaritae" = Globorotalia (Hirsutella) margaritae28 Bolli and Bermudez 1965 | |
Pinopsida | |
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