PBDB Collection

Inglis IA (Pleistocene of the United States)

Also known as Inglis 1A; UF locality CI001

Where: Citrus County, Florida (29.0° N, 82.7° W: paleocoordinates 29.1° N, 82.3° W)

• coordinate stated in text

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Gelasian (2.6 - 1.8 Ma)

• latest Blancan, ca. 1.9-1.6 Ma

Environment/lithology: terrestrial; lithology not reported

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Primary reference: S. D. Webb and K. T. Wilkins. 1984. Historical Biogeography of Florida Pleistocene Mammals. In H. H. Genoways and M. R. Dawson (eds.), Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication 8:370-383 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 20384: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 18.02.1993, edited by Mark Uhen, Richard Hulbert, Jonathan Marcot, Evangelos Vlachos, Bethany Allen and Nicholas Famoso

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• said to be "earliest Irvingtonian"

•"Tremarctos floridanus" is not actually present: Emslie 1995

•"Conepatus leuconotus" is omitted by Morgan and Hulbert 1995 and Ruez 2001, and was listed as "a mistake" by Webb 1974a according to Martin 1978

Show authors, comments, and common names

Mammalia
Artiodactyla - Camelidae	Hemiauchenia macrocephala, Hemiauchenia gracilis¹¹ Hemiauchenia macrocephala Cope 1893 camel Hemiauchenia gracilis¹¹ Meachen 2005 camel said to be new
Artiodactyla - Bovidae	Bovidae indet.¹⁴ Bovidae indet.¹⁴ Gray 1821 antelope
Artiodactyla - Antilocapridae	Capromeryx arizonensis Capromeryx arizonensis Skinner 1942 pronghorn
Artiodactyla - Cervidae	Odocoileus virginianus Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann 1780 white-tailed deer
Artiodactyla - Tayassuidae	Platygonus vetus¹⁴ Platygonus vetus¹⁴ Leidy 1882 peccary
Perissodactyla - Tapiridae	Tapirus sp., Tapirus (Helicotapirus) lundeliusi⁸ Tapirus sp. Brisson 1762 tapir Tapirus (Helicotapirus) lundeliusi⁸ Hulbert 2010 tapir
Perissodactyla - Equidae	Equus leidyi⁹ Equus leidyi⁹ Hay 1913 horse
Carnivora - Hyaenidae	Chasmaporthetes ossifragus Chasmaporthetes ossifragus Hay 1921 hyaena described by Berta 1981
Carnivora - Felidae	Homotherium sp.¹⁴, Smilodon gracilis, Felinae indet.¹, Miracinonyx cf. inexpectatus¹, Lynx sp.¹⁴ Homotherium sp.¹⁴ Fabrini 1890 cat said to be new; "H. serum" Smilodon gracilis Cope 1880 saber-toothed cat described by Webb 1974b; includes some material identified as "Panthera" by some authors according to Seymour 1993 Felinae indet.¹ Trouessart 1885 cat Miracinonyx cf. inexpectatus¹ Cope 1895 American cheetah Lynx sp.¹⁴ Kerr 1792 lynx
Carnivora - Canidae	Theriodictis ? floridanus¹⁸, Canis edwardii, Urocyon citrinus n. sp.¹⁸ Theriodictis ? floridanus¹⁸ Tedford et al. 2009 canine Canis edwardii Gazin 1942 canine reported by both Webb 1974a and Nowak 1979 as "C. rufus"; by Martin 1974a as "C. lupus"; but by Berta 1981 as C. edwardii Urocyon citrinus n. sp.¹⁸ Tedford et al. 2009 gray fox said to be "U. cinereoargenteus" by Berta 1995 but not by Morgan and Hulbert 1995 or Ruez 2001
Carnivora - Ursidae	Arctodus pristinus Arctodus pristinus Leidy 1854 bear
Carnivora - Procyonidae	Procyon sp.³, Procyon megalokolos n. sp.³ Procyon sp.³ Storr 1780 raccoon Procyon megalokolos n. sp.³ Emmert and Short 2018 raccoon said to be new
Carnivora - Mephitidae	Spilogale sp.¹⁴ Spilogale sp.¹⁴ Gray 1865 skunk
Carnivora - Mustelidae	Trigonictis macrodon Trigonictis macrodon Cope 1868 mustelid carnivore
Soricomorpha - Talpidae	Scalopus aquaticus Scalopus aquaticus Linnaeus 1758 eastern mole
Soricomorpha - Soricidae	Cryptotis parva, Blarina carolinensis Cryptotis parva Say 1823 North American least shrew Blarina carolinensis Bachman 1837 southern short-tailed shrew confirmed by Jones et al. 1984
Rodentia - Geomyidae	Orthogeomys propinetis¹ Orthogeomys propinetis¹ Wilkins 1984 pocket gopher
Rodentia - Cricetidae	Neotoma sp., Ondatra cf. idahoensis, Sigmodon curtisi, Peromyscus sarmocophinus¹⁷, Peromyscus ? polionotus¹⁷, Reithrodontomys wetmorei¹⁷ Neotoma sp. Say and Ord 1825 pack rat said to be new Ondatra cf. idahoensis Wilson 1933 muskrat Sigmodon curtisi Gidley 1922 cotton rat Peromyscus sarmocophinus¹⁷ Ruez 2001 deer mouse Peromyscus ? polionotus¹⁷ Wagner 1843 oldfield mouse Reithrodontomys wetmorei¹⁷ Hibbard 1952 harvest mouse
Rodentia - Sciuridae	Glaucomys sp.¹⁵, Sciurus carolinensis¹⁵ Glaucomys sp.¹⁵ Thomas 1908 flying squirrel said to be a new species; "G. volans" Sciurus carolinensis¹⁵ Gmelin 1788 eastern gray squirrel
Rodentia - Erethizontidae	Erethizon kleini n. sp. Erethizon kleini n. sp. Frazier 1981 North American porcupine see Frazier 1981
Rodentia - Caviidae	Neochoerus aesopi¹ Neochoerus aesopi¹ Leidy 1853 caviomorph
Lagomorpha - Leporidae	Lepus sp.¹⁵, Sylvilagus webbi n. sp.¹⁹ Lepus sp.¹⁵ Linnaeus 1758 hare Sylvilagus webbi n. sp.¹⁹ White 1991 cottontail rabbit
Proboscidea - Mammutidae	Mammut americanum Mammut americanum Kerr 1792 American mastodon
Megatherioidea - Megatheriidae	Eremotherium eomigrans² Eremotherium eomigrans² De Iuliis and Cartelle 1999 edentate
Megatherioidea - Megalonychidae	Megalonyx leptostomus Megalonyx leptostomus Cope 1893 edentate
- Mylodontidae	Paramylodon harlani¹⁰ Paramylodon harlani¹⁰ Owen 1840 Harlan's ground sloth
Cingulata - Dasypodidae	Dasypus bellus Dasypus bellus Simpson 1929 beautiful armadillo
Cingulata - Pampatheriidae	Holmesina floridanus¹⁶ Holmesina floridanus¹⁶ Robertson 1976 edentate
Cingulata - Glyptodontidae	"Glyptotherium arizonae" = Glyptotherium texanum "Glyptotherium arizonae" = Glyptotherium texanum Osborn 1903 glyptodon
Chiroptera - Phyllostomidae	Desmodus archaeodaptes¹³ Desmodus archaeodaptes¹³ Morgan et al. 1988 vampire bat
Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae	Antrozous sp.¹³, Lasiurus sp.¹³, Eptesicus sp.¹³, Myotis sp., Plecotus sp.¹³, Pipistrellus subflavus Antrozous sp.¹³ Allen 1862 pallid bat a bat Lasiurus sp.¹³ Gray 1831 hairy-tailed bat a bat Eptesicus sp.¹³ Rafinesque 1820 house bat a bat Myotis sp. Kaup 1829 vesper bat a bat Plecotus sp.¹³ Geoffroy 1818 vesper bat a bat Pipistrellus subflavus Cuvier 1832 eastern pipistrelle bat a bat
Reptilia
Testudines - Testudinidae	Gopherus polyphemus⁶ Gopherus polyphemus⁶ Daudin 1802 Florida gopher tortoise The Inglis 1A sample includes 17 NUCH (UF 211285-211298, 211323) (Fig. 4), 7 right and 9 left EPI (UF 211324- 211339) (Fig. 6), 6 right and 8 left XIPH (UF 211340- 211350, 211401-211403), 4 right and 6 left HYO (UF 211405-211414), 1 right and 4 left HYPO (UF 211415- 211419), and numerous other shell fragments. No skull material was associated with the sample. We assume a MNI of 17, based on the number of NUCH bones.
Galliformes - Phasianidae	Meleagris anza⁴ Meleagris anza⁴ turkey or could be Meleagrais leopoldi
Galliformes - Odontophoridae	Colinus virginianus⁴ Colinus virginianus⁴ Linnaeus 1758 northern bobwhite 1048 specimens in UF collection
Aves
Falconiformes - Falconidae	Falco sparverius⁴, Falco columbarius⁴ Falco sparverius⁴ Linnaeus 1758 American kestrel Falco columbarius⁴ Linnaeus 1758 merlin
Charadriiformes - Scolopacidae	Scolopax hutchensi⁴, Gallinago gallinago⁴ Scolopax hutchensi⁴ Emslie 1998 snipe Gallinago gallinago⁴ Linnaeus 1758 common snipe
Accipitriformes - Accipitridae	Buteogallus urubitinga⁴, Buteo sp.⁴, Accipiter cooperii⁴, Neophrontops slaughteri⁴, Aquila bivia n. sp.⁵ Buteogallus urubitinga⁴ Gmelin 1788 great black-hawk Buteo sp.⁴ de Lacepède 1799 hawk Accipiter cooperii⁴ Bonaparte 1828 Cooper's hawk Neophrontops slaughteri⁴ Feduccia 1974 Old World vulture Aquila bivia n. sp.⁵ Emslie and Czaplewski 1999 golden eagle
Anseriformes - Anatidae	Aix sponsa⁴, Aythya sp.⁴, Anas sp.⁴, Anas platyrhynchos⁴, Anas crecca⁴, Anabernicula gracilenta⁴ Aix sponsa⁴ Linnaeus 1758 wood duck Aythya sp.⁴ Boie 1822 pochard Anas sp.⁴ Linnaeus 1758 dabbling duck two sizes represented Anas platyrhynchos⁴ Linnaeus 1758 mallard Anas crecca⁴ Linnaeus 1758 Eurasian teal or could be Anas discors Anabernicula gracilenta⁴ Ross 1935 dabbling duck
Passeriformes - Cardinalidae	Cardinalis cardinalis⁴ Cardinalis cardinalis⁴ Linnaeus 1758 northern cardinal
Passeriformes - Turdidae	cf. Hylocichla mustelina⁴, Turdus sp.⁴ cf. Hylocichla mustelina⁴ thrush specimens slightly larger and more robust than modern specimens of H. mustelina Turdus sp.⁴ Linnaeus 1758 true thrush larger than T. migratorius; similar in size to T. rufiventris and T. rufopalliatus, but too fragmentary for specific identification
Passeriformes - Icteridae	Sturnella magna⁴, Molothrus ater⁴, Agelaius phoeniceus⁴, Euphagus sp.⁴, Euphagus cyanocephalus⁴ Sturnella magna⁴ Linnaeus 1758 eastern meadowlark Molothrus ater⁴ Boddaert 1783 brown-headed cowbird Agelaius phoeniceus⁴ Linnaeus 1766 red-winged blackbird Euphagus sp.⁴ Cassin 1866 blackbird Euphagus cyanocephalus⁴ Wagler 1829 Brewer's blackbird
Passeriformes - Passerellidae	Ammodramus maritimus⁴, Zonotrichia sp.⁴, Zonotrichia cf. leucophrys⁴, Melospiza melodia⁴, Junco cf. hyemalis⁴, Passerculus sandwichensis⁴ Ammodramus maritimus⁴ new world sparrow Zonotrichia sp.⁴ Swainson 1832 sparrow Zonotrichia cf. leucophrys⁴ Forster 1772 white-crowned sparrow Melospiza melodia⁴ Wilson 1810 song sparrow Junco cf. hyemalis⁴ Linnaeus 1758 dark-eyed junco Passerculus sandwichensis⁴ Gmelin 1789 savannah sparrow
Passeriformes - Parulidae	"Vermivora cf. celata" = Oreothlypis celata⁴ "Vermivora cf. celata" = Oreothlypis celata⁴ Say 1823 orange-crowned warbler
Passeriformes - Corvidae	Corvus ossifragus⁴, Cyanocitta cristata⁴, Aphelocoma coerulescens⁴ Corvus ossifragus⁴ Wilson 1812 fish crow Cyanocitta cristata⁴ Linnaeus 1758 blue jay Aphelocoma coerulescens⁴ Bosc 1795 Florida scrub jay
Podicipediformes - Podicipedidae	Podiceps sp.⁴, Tachybaptus dominicus⁴, Podilymbus podiceps⁴ Podiceps sp.⁴ Latham 1787 grebe According to Emslie (1998), larger and more robust humerus and ulna than Podiceps auritus Tachybaptus dominicus⁴ Linnaeus 1766 least grebe Podilymbus podiceps⁴ Linnaeus 1758 pied-billed grebe
Cuculiformes - Cuculidae	Coccyzus americanus⁴ Coccyzus americanus⁴ Linnaeus 1758 yellow-billed cuckoo
Columbiformes - Columbidae	Zenaida macroura⁴, Columba sp.⁴ Zenaida macroura⁴ Linnaeus 1758 mourning dove Columba sp.⁴ Linnaeus 1758 dove
Piciformes - Picidae	Melanerpes sp.⁴, Colaptes auratus⁴, Dryocopus sp.⁴, Picoides cf. villosus⁴ Melanerpes sp.⁴ Swainson 1832 woodpecker specimens compare well to M. carolinus and M. erythrocephalus Colaptes auratus⁴ Linnaeus 1758 northern flicker Dryocopus sp.⁴ Boie 1826 woodpecker Picoides cf. villosus⁴ Linnaeus 1766 hairy woodpecker
Strigiformes - Tytonidae	Tyto alba⁴ Tyto alba⁴ Scopoli 1769 barn owl
Strigiformes - Strigidae	Bubo virginianus⁴, Glaucidium sp.⁴, Glaucidium explorator⁴, Asio sp.⁴, "Speotyto cunicularia" = Athene cunicularia⁴, "Otus asio" = Megascops asio⁴, Strix varia⁴ Bubo virginianus⁴ Gmelin 1788 great horned owl Glaucidium sp.⁴ Boie 1826 pygmy-owl smaller species than G. explorator Glaucidium explorator⁴ Emslie 1998 pygmy-owl Asio sp.⁴ Brisson 1760 true owl "Speotyto cunicularia" = Athene cunicularia⁴ Molina 1782 burrowing owl "Otus asio" = Megascops asio⁴ Linnaeus 1758 eastern screech-owl Strix varia⁴ Barton 1799 barred owl
Gruiformes - Rallidae	Porzana carolina⁴, Rallus "sp. B"⁴, Rallus cf. longirostris⁴ Porzana carolina⁴ Linnaeus 1758 sora Rallus "sp. B"⁴ Linnaeus 1758 rail intermediate in size between R. longirostris and R. limicola Rallus cf. longirostris⁴ Boddaert 1783 mangrove rail specimens more similar to this species than to the morphologically similar Rallus elegans
Gruiformes - Gruidae	Grus americana⁴ Grus americana⁴ Linnaeus 1758 Whooping crane earliest fossil record of species
Gruiformes - Phorusrhacidae	Titanis walleri⁴ Titanis walleri⁴ Brodkorb 1963 terror bird
Pelecaniformes - Ardeidae	Ardea sp.⁴, Botaurus lentiginosus⁴, Ixobrychus exilis⁴ Ardea sp.⁴ Linnaeus 1758 heron single fragmentary specimen, but differs from Ardea herodias and may represent an extinct species Botaurus lentiginosus⁴ Rackett 1813 American bittern Ixobrychus exilis⁴ Gmelin 1789 least bittern
Pelecaniformes - Threskiornithidae	Eudocimus albus⁴ Eudocimus albus⁴ Linnaeus 1758 White ibis or could be Eudocimus ruber
Gaviiformes - Gaviidae	Gavia pacifica⁴ Gavia pacifica⁴ Lawrence 1858 Pacific loon
Cathartiformes - Cathartidae	Coragyps atratus⁴, cf. Gymnogyps sp.⁴ Coragyps atratus⁴ Bechstein 1793 black vulture cf. Gymnogyps sp.⁴ Lesson 1842 New World vulture single specimen too worn and fragmentary for positive identification
Reptilia
Squamata - Colubridae	Regina intermedia⁷, Nerodia erythrogaster⁷, Nerodia floridana⁷ Regina intermedia⁷ Meylan 1982 crayfish snake Nerodia erythrogaster⁷ Clark 1903 plain-bellied water snake Nerodia floridana⁷ Goff 1936 Florida green watersnake
Amphibia
Salientia - Pelobatidae	"Scaphiopus holbrooki" = Scaphiopus (Scaphiopus) holbrooki¹² "Scaphiopus holbrooki" = Scaphiopus (Scaphiopus) holbrooki¹² Harlan 1835 Eastern spadefoot toad
Salientia - Hylidae	Hyla cinerea¹² Hyla cinerea¹² Schneider 1799 American green tree frog
Salientia - Bufonidae	Bufo defensor n. sp.¹² Bufo defensor n. sp.¹² Meylan 2001 toad
Salientia - Ranidae	Rana capito¹², Rana catesbeiana¹² Rana capito¹² frog Rana catesbeiana¹² Shaw 1802 American bullfrog
Salientia - Microhylidae	Gastrophryne carolinensis¹² Gastrophryne carolinensis¹² Holbrook 1835 Eastern narrowmouth toad

¹Alroy 2002; ²De Iuliis and Cartelle 1999; ³Emmert and Short 2018; ⁴Emslie 1998; ⁵Emslie and Czaplewski 1999; ⁶Franz and Quitmyer 2005; ⁷Gibbons and Dorcas 2004; ⁸Hulbert 2010; ⁹Hulbert 1995; ¹⁰McDonald 1995; ¹¹Meachen 2005; ¹²Meylan 2001; ¹³Morgan 1991; ¹⁴Morgan and Hulbert 1995; ¹⁵Morgan and White 1995; ¹⁶Robertson 1976; ¹⁷Ruez 2001; ¹⁸Tedford et al. 2009; ¹⁹White 1991