Andarak 2 (Eocene of Kyrgyzstan)

Where: Osh, Kyrgyzstan (42.0° N, 76.0° E: paleocoordinates 40.7° N, 69.7° E)

• coordinate estimated from map

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Alai Beds Formation, Ypresian (56.0 - 47.8 Ma)

• basal part of the Alai Beds

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: terrestrial; lithology not reported

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Collected by Rozhdestvensky; Reshetov and Shevyreva; Averianov in 1967, 1975, 1988-1991, 1995; reposited in the PIN

Primary reference: I. G. Danilov and A. O. Averianov. 1999. A new species of Calamagras Cope 1873 (Serpentes, Boidae, Erycinae) from the early Eocene of Kirghizia. Geodiversitas 21(1):85-91 [J. Head/J. Head/J. Alroy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 28490: authorized by Jason Head, entered by Jason Head on 17.02.2003, edited by David Nicholson and Philip Mannion

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• Additional taxa reported are the palaeophiid Palaeophis ferganicus, as well as aniliid, boid, and a "sea snake", based on references cited in Danilov and Averianov (1999). Danilov and Averianov (1999) discount the occurrence of an aniliid from Andarak 2.
Reptilia
 Testudines - Pantestudinidae
"Ergilemys vialovi n. sp." = Hadrianus vialovi10
"Ergilemys vialovi n. sp." = Hadrianus vialovi10 Ckhikvadze 1984 turtle
 Testudines - Cheloniidae
Cheloniinae indet.5 Oppel 1811 sea turtle
 Squamata -
? Saniwa sp.7 Leidy 1870 squamates
 Squamata - Boidae
Boidae indet. Gray 1825 boa
references cited in Danilov and Averianov (1999)
Calamagras turkestanicus n. sp. Danilov and Averianov 1999 dwarf boa
 Squamata - Palaeophiidae
Palaeophis ferganicus n. sp. Averianov 1997 snake
described in Averianov (1997) as cited
 Squamata - Agamidae
Agamidae indet.6 Gray 1827 squamates
Uromastycinae indet.6 Theobold 1868 squamates
Mammalia
 Proteutheria - Palaeoryctidae
Palaeoryctidae indet.12 Winge 1917 eutherian
ZIN 89275 and PIN 3486/109
Nuryctes alayensis n. sp.13 Lopatin and Averianov 2004 eutherian
ZIN 86145 - type; listed as "Proteutheria or Lipotyphla genus and species indet." by Averianov and Godinot (1998)
 Cimolesta - Sarcodontidae
"Sarcodon udovichenkoi n. sp." = Metasarcodon udovichenkoi2
"Sarcodon udovichenkoi n. sp." = Metasarcodon udovichenkoi2 Averianov 1994 eutherian
ZIN 78969 - type; referred specimen: ZIN 78970
 Creodonta - Hyaenodontidae
Neoparapterodon sp.11 Lavrov 1996 creodont
ZIN, no. 34494
Isphanatherium ferganensis n. gen. n. sp.11 Lavrov and Averianov 1998 creodont
ZIN, no. 32759 - holotype
 Perissodactyla - Amynodontidae
"Lushiamynodon kirghisensis n. sp." = Sharamynodon kirghisensis8
"Lushiamynodon kirghisensis n. sp." = Sharamynodon kirghisensis8 Belyaeva 1971 odd-toed ungulate
ZIN 34313, left and right maxillary fragments with P4-M3; ZIN 35299, left(?) upper(?) incisor; ZIN 34021, lingual part of left P3; ZIN 35300, left p4; ZIN 35301, left lower molar trigonid
 Perissodactyla - Hyracodontidae
"Rhodopagus minutissimus n. sp." = Pataecops minutissimus1, "Pataecops microdon n. sp." = Pataecops minutissimus1
"Rhodopagus minutissimus n. sp." = Pataecops minutissimus1 Reshetov 1979 odd-toed ungulate
PIN 3486-1 - type; ZIN 35286, right D3?; ZIN 34030, left D4; ZIN 35287, left maxillary fragment with P4 (broken) and M1; ZIN 34029, right maxillary fragment with M1-2; ZIN 35288, left maxillary fragment with P3-M3 and alveolus of P2; ZIN 35289, right maxillary fragment with M3 and partially preserved M1-2; ZIN 35290, left maxillary fragment with D4 M1-2; ZIN 35291, right maxillary fragment with M2-3; ZIN 35293, left maxillary fragment with M1; ZIN 34031, right M1; ZIN 35292, left M2; ZIN 35296, right M2; ZIN 35295, left M3; ZIN 35294 and 35297, right M3; ZIN 34028, right dentary fragment with d3-4 and alveoli of d2 and m1, and fragments of m2 in the alveolus; ZIN 35298, dentary symphysis fragment with alveoli of i3, c1 and p2
"Pataecops microdon n. sp." = Pataecops minutissimus1 Reshetov 1979 odd-toed ungulate
PIN 3486-2 - type
 Perissodactyla - Tapiridae
Teleolophus medius8 Matthew and Granger 1925 tapir
ZIN 35285 and 32756
 Perissodactyla - Lophialetidae
Eoletes tianshanicus n. sp.8 Averianov and Godinot 2005 odd-toed ungulate
ZIN 32754 - type; referred material: ZIN 35282, 35283, 34023, 32760, 35284, 32758, 32755, 34024 and 34025
 Artiodactyla - Diacodexeidae
Diacodexeidae indet.4 Krishtalka and Stucky 1985 even-toed ungulate
ZIN 34353 and 34354
Diacodexis sp.4 Cope 1882 even-toed ungulate
ZIN 34351 and 34352
 Artiodactyla - Dichobunidae
Eolantianius russelli n. gen. n. sp.4 Averianov 1996 even-toed ungulate
ZIN 34357 - holotype; referred specimens: ZIN 34358, 34359, 34032 and 34033
? Eolantianius russelli4 Averianov 1996 even-toed ungulate
ZIN 34355 and 34356
 Theriamorpha - Erinaceidae
Protogalericius averianovi n. gen. n. sp.12
Protogalericius averianovi n. gen. n. sp.12 Lopatin 2006 hedgehog
ZIN 89009 - holotype; referred specimen: ZIN 89010
 Rodentia -
Ctenodactyloidea indet.3 rodent
ZIN C.81130
Saykanomys cf. bohlini3 Dawson 1964 rodent
ZIN C.81072, 81115, 81127-81129
 Rodentia - Chapattimyidae
Khodzhentia vinogradovi n. gen. n. sp.3
Khodzhentia vinogradovi n. gen. n. sp.3 Averianov 1996 rodent
ZIN 0.34022 - holotype; referred material: ZIN C.81062
 Rodentia -
Alaymys ctenodactylus n. sp.1 Averianov 1993 rodent
ZIN C.73846 - holotype
 Rodentia - Tamquammyidae
? Adolomys sp.3 Shevyreva 1989 rodent
ZIN C.81060 and 81061
 Rodentia -
Advenimus cf. burkei3 Dawson 1964 rodent
ZIN C.81063-81071, 81116-81126
Petrokozlovia cf. notos3 Shevyreva 1972 rodent
ZIN C.81033, 81041-81058
 Lagomorpha - Leporidae
"Romanolagus hekkeri n. gen. n. sp." = Gobiolagus hekkeri14
"Romanolagus hekkeri n. gen. n. sp." = Gobiolagus hekkeri14 Shevyreva 1995 rabbit
PIN, no. 3486/200 - type; referred material: fragmentary I2 (PIN, no. 3486/31); left D3 (TsNIGR Museum, no. 5/12676); fragmentary right P3 (ZIN, no. 88806); left P4 (ZIN, no. 79205); lingual part of left P4 (PIN, no. 3486/203); right maxilla fragment with M1 and alveoli of P3, P4, and M2 (ZIN, no. 79182); heavily worn right M1 (ZIN, no. 79178); left dentary fragment with broken off I2, M1–M2, and root of P4 (PIN, no. 3486/302); right P4 (ZIN, no. 79175; PIN, no. 3486/169); right M1 (PIN, nos. 3486/146, 170); left M1 (ZIN, no. 79192); right M2 (ZIN, nos. 79197, 79198, 79199; PIN, no. 3486/193); left M2 (ZIN, no. 79184); right M3 (ZIN, no. 79193); left M3 (PIN, no. 3486/183)
 Lagomorpha - Strenulagidae
"Aktashmys montealbus n. gen. n. sp." = Aktashmys montealbus1, "Valerilagus reshetovi n. gen. n. sp." = Aktashmys montealbus9
"Aktashmys montealbus n. gen. n. sp." = Aktashmys montealbus1 Averianov 1994 placental
TsNIGR Museum, no. 3/12676 - holotype; referred material: associated fragments of the right maxilla with P4–M2, fragments of the dentary with P4–M3, and isolated right M3 and left M2 and M3 of the same individual (ZIN, no. 88088);a fragment of the left maxilla with P4–M2 and alveolus of M3 (ZIN, no. 79169); fragmentary left maxilla with M1 and M2 and alveoli of P4 and M3 (ZIN, no. 79181); fragmentary right maxilla with damaged P4 and M1 and alveoli of P2, P3, and M2 (ZIN, no. 79155); fragmentary left maxilla with M2 and alveoli of M1 and M3 (ZIN, no. 79171); left I2 (ZIN, no. 79154); right I2 (PIN, no. 3486/160); right D3 (ZIN, no. 88097); right P3 (PIN, no. 3486/145); left P3 (PIN, no. 3486/208); fragmentary left P3 (PIN, no. 3486/300); two right P4 (ZIN, no. 79172; PIN, no. 3486/197); fragmentary right P4 (ZIN, no. 79196); three left P4 (ZIN, nos. 79176 and 79179; PIN, no. 3486/202); right M1 (PIN, no. 3486/201); left M1 (PIN, no. 3486/204); three right M2 (ZIN, nos. 79156 and 88092; PIN, no. 3486/146); eight left M2 (ZIN, nos. 79157, 79177, 79180, 88095, 88096; PIN, nos. 3486/147, 205, 206); fragmentary right dentary with complete M1 and damaged P4 and M2 (PIN, no. 3486/144); right D4 (PIN, no. 3486/184); fragmentary right D4 (PIN, no. 3486/167); left D4 (PIN, no. 3486/32); four right P4 (TsNIGR Museum, no. 1/12676; ZIN, nos. 79185 and 88099; PIN, no. 3486/194); three left P4 (ZIN, nos. 79174, 88090, 88098); eight right M1 (ZIN, nos. 79183, 79188, 79202; PIN, nos. 3486/166, 172, 178, 180, 196); six left M1 (ZIN, nos. 79190, 79203, 88093; PIN, nos. 3486/161, 173, 186); 12 right M2 (ZIN, nos. 79173, 79187, 79189, 79191, 79201, 88089; PIN, nos. 3486/33, 187, 190, 192, 195, 301); 11 left M2(TsNIGR Museum, no. 6/12676; ZIN, nos. 79186, 79200, 88094; PIN, nos. 3486/162, 163, 174, 181, 185, 188, 191); fragmentary left M2 (PIN, no. 3486/182); three right M1 or M2 (PIN, nos. 3486/140, 168, 178); six left M1 or M2 (PIN, nos. 3486/139, 164, 165, 171, 176, 177); two right M3 (ZIN, no. 88091; PIN, no. 3486/179); and two left M3 (ZIN, no. 79194; PIN, no. 3486/138)
"Valerilagus reshetovi n. gen. n. sp." = Aktashmys montealbus9 Averianov 1994 placental
PIN, no. 3486/199 - holotype
 Glires - Mimotonidae
"Anatolmylus rozhdestvenskii n. gen. n. sp." = Anatolimys rozhdestvenskii1
"Anatolmylus rozhdestvenskii n. gen. n. sp." = Anatolimys rozhdestvenskii1 Shevyreva 1994 placental
ZIN 79158 - holotype