Where: Beaufort County, North Carolina (35.4° N, 76.8° W)
• Paleocoordinates: 35.9° N, 75.1° W (Wright 2013)
• coordinate estimated from map
• outcrop-level geographic resolution
When: Yorktown Formation (Chesapeake Group), Zanclean (5.3 - 3.6 Ma)
• most fossils "are derived from the lower beds of the Yorktown Formation" (McLellan 1983) and the "total thickness of the Yorktown exposure is 15 m" (Snyder et al. 1983)
•
•Strontium dating places the base of the Yorktown Formation at 4.9 Ma [55]. The top of the Yorktown Formation at Lee Creek Mine is no younger than the middle of the Orionina vaughani ostracod assemblage zone, originally dated to ca. 3.7 Ma [53]. This is roughly in agreement with the top of nannoplankton zone NN14 (3.9 Ma) [20, 54], the second of the three nannoplankton zones correlating with the Orionina vaughani zone [53]. Taken together, these observations indicate an age bracket of 4.9–3.9 Ma. (Marx & Fordyce, 2015)
• member-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: estuary or bay; unlithified, blue, argillaceous, muddy sandstone
•"The Yorktown Formation at Lee Creek... is generally a very muddy quartz sand... shell material and cemented sediment comprise less than 3 percent of
•most samples" although there is a "boulder bed" at the top of the formation and a single zone of "extensively leached, partially indurated zone that contains abundant molds of turritellid gastropods and cemented clumps of sediment (Snyder et al. 1983)
Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils, microfossils
Preservation: original phosphate
Collection methods: bulk, salvage, surface (float), sieve
• "Most [large] fossils are collected by prospecting the spoil piles" (McLellan 1983) but forams were collected through bulk sampling and washing with detergent and not acid (Snyder et al. 1983)
Primary reference: F. C. Whitmore. 1987. Cetacea from the Sahabi Formation, Libya. Neogene Paleontology and Geology of Sahabi 145-151 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]more details
Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis
PaleoDB collection 52582: authorized by Mark Uhen, entered by Mark Uhen on 11.08.2005, edited by Jenna David
Creative Commons license: CC0 (CC0)
Taxonomic list
unclassified | |
Foraminifera | |
unclassified | |
Bivalvia | |
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Ostracoda | |
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Paracytheridea altida11, Paracytheridea rugosa11, Paracytheridea "f"11, Paracytheridea cronini11, Paracytheridea mucra11, Cytherura howei11, Cytherura reticulata11, Cytherura sp.11, Cytherura "aa"11, Cytherura "bb"11, Cytherura "d"11, Cytherura "l"11, Cytherura "m"11, Cytherura "n"11, Cytherura "u"11, Cytherura "w"11, Cytherura forulata11, Cytherura wardensis11, Cytherura elongata11, Cytheropteron talquinensis11, ? Cytheropteron yorktownensis11
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Orionina vaughani11, Murrayina barclayi11, Actinocythereis dawsoni11, Actinocythereis marylandica11, Actinocythereis mundorffi11, Actinocythereis captionis11, Neocaudites subimpressus11, Neocaudites variabilus11, Neocaudites angulatus11
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Peratocytheridea bradyi11, Peratocytheridea "j"11, Peratocytheridea sandbergi11, Peratocytheridea setipunctata11, Cytheridea virginiensis11, Cytheridea carolinensis11, Cytheridea campwallacensis11, Cyprideis "b"11, "Cushmanidea seminuda" = Cushmanidea11, ""Pontocythere" "i"" = Cushmanidea11, ""Pontocythere" "g"" = Cushmanidea11, ""Pontocythere" "j"" = Cushmanidea11, ""Pontocythere" "d"" = Cushmanidea11, Paracyprideis "c"11, Hulingsina americana11, Hulingsina glabra11, Hulingsina rugipustulosa11, Hulingsina "c"11, Hulingsina "f"11, Hulingsina "r"11, Hulingsina "u"11
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Microcytherura choctawhatcheensis11, Microcytherura similis11, Microcytherura "d"11, Microcytherura "h"11, Microcytherura "m"11, Microcytherura "p"11, Microcytherura "r"11, Microcytherura expanda11, Microcytherura minuta11, ? Cnestocythere sp.11
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Loxoconcha edentonensis11, Loxoconcha matagordensis11, Loxoconcha purisubrhomboidea11, Loxoconcha "c"11, Loxoconcha "h"11, Loxoconcha "m"11, Loxoconcha "s"11, Loxoconcha "t"11, Loxoconcha reticularis11, ? Hirschmannia quadrata11, ? Hirschmannia hespera11, ? Cytheromorpha curta11, Cytheromorpha "i"11, Cytheromorpha macroincisa11, Cytheromorpha incisa11, Cytheromorpha warneri11, Cytheromorpha suffolkensis11
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Echinocythereis planibasalis11, Echinocythereis leecreekensis11, Malzella evexa11, Malzella conradi11, Thaerocythere schmidtae11, Thaerocythere carolinensis11, Hermanites ascitus11, Caudites paraasymmetricus11, Bensonocythere calverti11, Bensonocythere trapezoidalis11, Bensonocythere whitei11, Bensonocythere "m"11, Bensonocythere "oo"11, Bensonocythere "pp"11, Bensonocythere "qq"11, Bensonocythere "rr"11, Bensonocythere blackwelderi11, Bensonocythere bradyi11, Bensonocythere ricespitensis11, Bensonocythere rugosa11, Bensonocythere gouldensis11, Proteoconcha gigantica11, Proteoconcha mimica11, Proteoconcha multipunctata11, Proteoconcha tuberculata11, Proteoconcha "z"11, Proteoconcha jamesensis11, Muellerina petersburgensis11, Muellerina "p"11, Muellerina bassiounii11, Muellerina wardi11, Muellerina ohmerti11, Muellerina blowi11, Aurila laevicula11
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Bivalvia | |
"Mclelannia aenigma" = Mercenaria38
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Chesapecten madisonius9, Chlamys decemnaria9, Placopecten aff. magellanicus9, "Placopecten clintonius clintonius" = Placopecten clintonius9
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Reptilia | |
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Aves | |
Numenius aff. borealis21, Calidris aff. melanotos21, "Capella aff. media" = Gallinago media21, Tringa aff. ochropus21
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Larus ribibundus21, Larus sp.21, Larus aff. atricilla21, Larus aff. delawarensis21, Larus aff. argentatus21, "Sterna aff. nilotica" = Gelochelidon nilotica21, "Sterna aff. maxima" = Thalasseus maximus21, "Larus aff. minutus" = Hydrocoloeus minutus21
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Stercorarius aff. parasiticus21, Stercorarius aff. pomarinus21, Stercorarius aff. longicaudus21, "Catharacta sp." = Stercorarius21
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Pinguinus alfrednewtoni n. sp.19, "Alca antiqua" = Uria antiqua21, Cerorhinca sp.27, Aethiinae indet.21, Miocepphus mergulellus n. sp.37, Alca sp.21, Alca ausonia21, Alca aff. torda21, Alca olsoni n. sp.26, Alca minor n. sp.26, Alca carolinensis n. sp.26, Fratercula aff. cirrhata21, Fratercula aff. arctica21
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"Puffinus (Ardenna) sp." = Ardenna21, "Puffinus aff. gravis" = Ardenna gravis21, "Puffinus aff. tenuirostris" = Ardenna tenuirostris21, Calonectris krantzi n. sp.21, Calonectris aff. diomedea21, "Calonectris aff. borealis" = Calonectris diomedea borealis21, Procellaria cf. aequinoctialis21, Procellaria cf. parkinsoni21, Pterodroma lessonii21, Puffinus sp.21, Puffinus (Thyellodroma) sp.21, Puffinus lherminieri21, Puffinus aff. pacificoides21, Puffinus cf. puffinus21, ? Bulweria sp.21, Pterodromoides minoricensis21, Pachyptila sp.21
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Phoebastria anglica21, Phoebastria aff. albatrus21, Phoebastria rexularum21, Phoebastria aff. immutabilis21, "Phoebastria aff. nigripes" = Diomedea nigripes21
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Morus "undescribedspeciesone"21, Morus "undescribedspeciestwo"21, Morus atlanticus21, Morus peninsularis21, Morus avitus21, "Morus loxostylus" = Moris loxostyla21
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Pelecanus schreiberi n. sp.20
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"Vulturidae indet." = Vulturinae21
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"Anas discors" = Spatula discors21, "Anas clypeata" = Spatula clypeata21, Anserini indet.21, Anser cf. arizonae21, "Anabernicula cf. minuscula" = Branta minuscula21, Branta aff. bernicla21, Cygnus aff. columbianus21, "Anas americana" = Mareca americana21, Histrionicus aff. histrionicus21, Aythya aff. affinis21, Anas platyrhynchos21, Anas acuta21, Mergus aff. serrator21, Bucephala aff. albeola21, Bucephala aff. clangula21, Somateria sp.21, Somateria aff. mollissima21, Melanitta aff. nigra21, Melanitta aff. perspicillata21
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Reptilia | |
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Procolpochelys sp.39, ? Chelonia sp.39, Lepidochelys sp.39, Syllomus aegyptiacus39, Caretta patriciae39
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Mammalia | |
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Ziphius cf. cavirostris34, Ziphius cf. cavirostris36, Mesoplodon longirostris34, Mesoplodon longirostris36, Ninoziphius cf. platyrostris36, aff. Ninoziphius platyrostris13, Ninoziphius platyrostris18
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Physeteridae indet.36, cf. Kogiopsis floridana36, "cf. Physeterula dubusii" = Physeterula dubusi36, "cf. Physeter catodon" = Physeter macrocephalus36, cf. Orycterocetus sp.36, Physeterinae indet.34, Physeterinae indet.36
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Kogiidae indet.31, Aprixokogia kelloggi n. gen. n. sp.36, Kogiinae indet.34, Kogiinae indet.36, Kogiinae indet.17, cf. Kogia breviceps36
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Pontoporiidae indet.13, cf. Pontoporiidae indet.13, Pliopontos littoralis18, Auroracetus bakerae n. gen. n. sp.10, cf. Pontoporia sp.36
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cf. Monodon sp.13, Delphinapterus sp.34, Delphinapterus sp.36, cf. Delphinapterus sp.13, Bohaskia monodontoides30
Bohaskia monodontoides30 Velez-Juarbe and Pyenson 2012 toothed whale previously identified as Delphinapterus sp. by Whitmore and Kaltenbach, 2008
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Delphinidae indet.13, cf. Delphinidae indet.13, cf. Delphinus sp.34, Delphinus sp.36, Stenella sp.34, cf. Stenella sp.36, Stenella rayi n. sp.36, Tursiops sp.34, Tursiops sp.36, Globicephala sp.34, Globicephala sp.36, Pseudorca sp.34, Pseudorca sp.36, aff. Lagenorhynchus sp., Lagenorhynchus sp.36, Lagenorhynchus harmatuki n. sp.36
aff. Lagenorhynchus sp. Gray 1846 dolphin | |
Gricetoides aurorae n. gen. n. sp.36
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Megaptera sp.34, Megaptera sp.36, Balaenoptera acutorostrata34, Balaenoptera cf. acutorostrata36, Balaenoptera borealina34, Balaenoptera borealina36
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Cetotheriinae indet.36, Herpetocetinae indet.35, Herpetocetus transatlanticus n. sp.35, Herpetocetus sendaicus2
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Phocanella pumila23, Paleophoca nystii23, Platyphoca vulgaris23, Auroraphoca atlantica n. gen. n. sp.3, "Callophoca ambigua" = Mesotaria ambigua23, Monachinae indet.1, Sarcodectes magnus n. gen. n. sp.24, Homiphoca capensis16, Gryphoca similis16, Callophoca obscura23
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Osteichthyes | |
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Actinopteri | |
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Anisotremus sp.7 Gill 1861 | |
Sciaenidae indet.7, Micropogonias sp.7, Equetus cf. umbrosus7, Leiostomus sp.7, Cynoscion cf. nebulosus7
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Chilomycterus schoepfi22 Walbaum 1792 | |
Sphoeroides hyperostosus22 Tyler et al. 1992 | |
Mola chelonopsis22 Ichishima and Kimura 2009 | |
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Serranidae indet.7, Mycteroperca sp.22, Centropristis cf. striata7, Diplectrum cf. formosum7, Epinephelus sp.22
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Pagrus sp.22, Pagrus hyneus22, Archosargus cf. probatocephalus22, Lagodon cf. rhomboides22, Stenotomus cf. chrysops22
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Lopholatilus rayus22 Purdy et al. 2001 | |
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Seriola sp.22 Cuvier 1817 | |
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Sarda aff. sarda22 Bloch 1791
Acanthocybium solandri22 Cuvier 1831
Auxis sp.22 Cuvier 1829
Thunnus sp.22 South 1845
Thunnus thynnus25 Linnaeus 1758 | |
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Makaira indica6, Makaira purdyi6, Makaira purdyi n. sp.5, Makaira nigricans6, Istiophorus platypterus6, Tetrapturus albidus6
Makaira indica6 Cuvier 1832
Makaira purdyi6 Fierstine 1999
Makaira purdyi n. sp.5 Fierstine 1999
Makaira nigricans6 Lacépède 1802
Istiophorus platypterus6 Shaw and Nodder 1792
Tetrapturus albidus6 Poey 1860 | |
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Ammodytes hexapterus7 Pallas 1814 | |
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Chondrichthyes | |
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"Carcharias cuspidata" = Araloselachus cuspidatus22
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Isurus oxyrinchus22, Lamna sp.22, "Isurus hastalis" = Carcharodon hastalis22, Carcharodon carcharias22, "Isurus xiphodon" = Cosmopolitodus xiphodon22
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"Carcharodon megalodon" = Otodus megalodon22 Agassiz 1835 megalodon Also studied in Pimiento et al. 2010 and in Pimiento and Balk
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Carcharhinus plumbeus22, Carcharhinus obscurus22, Carcharhinus macloti22, Carcharhinus perezi22, Carcharhinus leucas22, Negaprion brevirostris22
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Raja sp.22
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Ophiuroidea | |
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Echinoidea | |
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Foraminifera | |
"Globoquadrina venezuelana" = Dentoglobigerina venezuelana28, Globigerinoides bollii28, Globigerinoides obliquus extremus28, Globigerinoides ruber28, "Globigerina decoraperta" = Globoturborotalita decoraperta28, Orbulina uiversa28, Orbulina suturalis28, Globigerina juvenilis28, Globigerina falconensis12
"Globoquadrina venezuelana" = Dentoglobigerina venezuelana28 Hedberg 1937
Globigerinoides bollii28 Blow 1959
Globigerinoides obliquus extremus28 Bolli and Bermudez 1965
Globigerinoides ruber28 d'Orbigny 1839
"Globigerina decoraperta" = Globoturborotalita decoraperta28 Takayanagi and Saito 1962
Orbulina suturalis28 Broennimann 1951
Globigerina falconensis12 Blow 1959 | |
Globigerinita glutinata28 Egger 1893
Globigerinita uvula28 Ehrenberg 1861 | |
Globorotalia puncticulata8, Globorotalia (Turborotalia) praeoscitans28, Globorotalia (Turborotalia) acostaensis acostaensis28, Globorotalia (Globorotalia) cultrata limbata28, Globorotalia (Globorotalia) hirsuta praehirsuta28, Globorotalia hexagona hexagona28, "Globorotalia (Globorotalia) crassula" = Globorotalia (Truncorotalia) crassula28, "Globorotalia (Globorotalia) margaritae" = Globorotalia (Hirsutella) margaritae28
"Globorotalia (Globorotalia) crassula" = Globorotalia (Truncorotalia) crassula28 Cushman et al. 1930
"Globorotalia (Globorotalia) margaritae" = Globorotalia (Hirsutella) margaritae28 Bolli and Bermudez 1965 | |
Globothalamea | |
Cibicides lobatulus12 Walker and Jacob 1798 | |
Nodosariata | |
Lagena substriata12 Williamson 1848 | |
Foraminifera | |
Virgulina fusiformis12, Buliminella elegantissima12, Bulimina elongata12, Angulogerina occidentalis12
Bulimina elongata12 d'Orbigny 1846
Angulogerina occidentalis12 Cushman 1923 | |
Pinopsida | |
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