PBDB Collection

Withlacoochee River Site 4A (Neogene of the United States)

Where: Marion County, Florida (28.8° N, 82.3° W: paleocoordinates 29.0° N, 80.7° W)

• coordinate based on political unit

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Hemphillian (10.3 - 4.9 Ma)

• said to be early Hemphillian, Hh2

•sinkhole is "developed in the Inglis member of the Ocala Limestone (Late Eocene)" (Becker 1985)

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: pond; fine-grained, green, silty claystone

• "a pond environment" but there "is some [faunal] evidence for marine or estuarine influence" (Becker 1985) or "a freshwater pond or oxbow lake cut" (Webb 2008)

• "fine green clays, with some evidence of layering or varving" that fill "a sinkhole" (Becker 1985) or "massive green clays and occasionally concentrated in thin beds of silt"

Size class: macrofossils

Reposited in the FLMNH

• Eocene, Hemphillian, and Rancholabrean fossils are all present but easily distinguished based on preservation and color

Primary reference: J. J. Becker. 1985. Fossil herons (Aves: Ardeidae) of the late Miocene and early Pliocene of Florida. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 5(1):24-31 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 18601: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 18.02.1993, edited by Richard Hulbert, Jonathan Marcot and Patricia Holroyd

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• Site 4A is in Marion Co., site 4X in Citrus Co.: Webb 1989

Show authors, comments, and common names

unclassified
-	Lampropeltinae indet. Lampropeltinae indet.
Amphibia
Salientia - Ranidae	Rana sp. Rana sp. Linnaeus 1758 frog
Salientia - Bufonidae	Bufo sp. Bufo sp. Laurenti 1768 toad
Caudata - Urodela	Notophthalmus sp., Siren sp., Amphiuma sp. Notophthalmus sp. Rafinesque 1820 newt Siren sp. Linnaeus 1766 siren Amphiuma sp. Garden 1821 amphiuma
Aves
Accipitriformes - Accipitridae	Buteo sp. Buteo sp. de Lacepède 1799 hawk
Pelecaniformes - Ardeidae	Egretta subfluvia n. sp. Egretta subfluvia n. sp. Becker 1985 egret
Reptilia
Crocodylia - Alligatoridae	Alligator mississippiensis Alligator mississippiensis Daudin 1801 American alligator
Squamata - Colubridae	Natricinae indet. Natricinae indet. Bonaparte 1838 colubrid snake
Squamata - Viperidae	Viperidae indet. Viperidae indet. Oppel 1811 viper
Testudines - Kinosternoidea	Kinosternon sp.⁴ Kinosternon sp.⁴ von Spix 1824 mud turtle
Testudines - Testudinidae	Hesperotestudo sp.⁴ Hesperotestudo sp.⁴ Williams 1950 turtle
Testudines - Emydidae	Trachemys inflata⁴, Trachemys scripta⁴, Pseudemys sp., Pseudemys ? nelsoni, Terrapene sp. Trachemys inflata⁴ Weaver and Robertson 1967 slider Trachemys scripta⁴ Schoepff 1792 slider Pseudemys sp. Gray 1856 cooter "concinna or williamsi" Pseudemys ? nelsoni Carr 1938 Florida red-bellied turtle Terrapene sp. Merrem 1820 box turtle
Testudines - Trionychidae	Trionychidae indet.² Trionychidae indet.² Gray 1825 softshell turtle
Mammalia
Megatherioidea - Megalonychidae	Pliometanastes protistus Pliometanastes protistus Hirschfeld and Webb 1968 edentate
- Mylodontidae	Thinobadistes wetzeli n. sp.¹¹ Thinobadistes wetzeli n. sp.¹¹ Webb 1989 edentate from "Site 4X" and referred specimens from "Site 4A"; "T. segnis"
Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae	Platybelodon sp.⁸ Platybelodon sp.⁸ Borissiak 1928 gomphothere presumably "Torynobelodon sp."; identification is uncertain according to Lambert 1996
Lagomorpha - Leporidae	? Pratilepus sp., Archaeolaginae indet.¹ ? Pratilepus sp. Hibbard 1939 rabbit Archaeolaginae indet.¹ rabbit
Rodentia - Sciuridae	Sciuridae indet. Sciuridae indet. Gray 1821 squirrel
Rodentia - Cricetidae	Cricetidae indet. Cricetidae indet. Fischer von Waldheim 1817 rodent
Carnivora - Felidae	Machairodus sp. Machairodus sp. Kaup 1833 cat
Carnivora - Canidae	Urocyon webbi n. sp.⁹, Borophagus orc¹, Borophagus pugnator¹⁰ Urocyon webbi n. sp.⁹ Tedford et al. 2009 gray fox Borophagus orc¹ Webb 1969 bone-crushing dog Borophagus pugnator¹⁰ Cook 1922 bone-crushing dog
Carnivora - Ursidae	Indarctos sp. Indarctos sp. Pilgrim 1913 bear
Carnivora - Mustelidae	Enhydritherium terraenovae³ Enhydritherium terraenovae³ Berta and Morgan 1985 otter
Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae	Aphelops mutilus, Teleoceras sp. Aphelops mutilus Matthew 1924 rhinoceros Teleoceras sp. Hatcher 1894 rhinoceros
Perissodactyla - Tapiridae	Tapirus sp.⁵ Tapirus sp.⁵ Brisson 1762 tapir
Perissodactyla - Equidae	Nannippus morgani⁷, Nannippus aztecus¹, "Hippotherium ingenuum" = Cormohipparion ingenuum¹, Pseudhipparion skinneri⁷, Neohipparion eurystyle, Hipparion cf. tehonense, Protohippus cf. gidleyi⁶, Calippus maccartyi⁶ Nannippus morgani⁷ Hulbert 1993 hipparionine horse Nannippus sp. "3" of Hulbert 1988c Nannippus aztecus¹ Mooser 1968 hipparionine horse "Hippotherium ingenuum" = Cormohipparion ingenuum¹ Leidy 1885 hipparionine horse Pseudhipparion skinneri⁷ Webb and Hulbert 1986 hipparionine horse Neohipparion eurystyle Cope 1893 hipparionine horse Hipparion cf. tehonense Merriam 1916 hipparionine horse Protohippus cf. gidleyi⁶ Hulbert 1988 horse includes specimen inexplicably assigned to "Pliohippus" by MacFadden and Cerling 1996 Calippus maccartyi⁶ Hulbert 1988 horse
Artiodactyla - Tayassuidae	Tayassuinae indet.¹ Tayassuinae indet.¹ Palmer 1897 peccary
Artiodactyla - Camelidae	Aepycamelus cf. major, Procamelus cf. grandis Aepycamelus cf. major Leidy 1886 camel Procamelus cf. grandis Gregory 1939 camel
Artiodactyla - Antilocapridae	Hexameryx simpsoni Hexameryx simpsoni White 1941 pronghorn
Artiodactyla - Gelocidae	Floridameryx floridanus n. gen. n. sp.¹² Floridameryx floridanus n. gen. n. sp.¹² Webb 2008 ruminant said to be new
Actinopteri
Carangiformes - Carangidae	Carangidae indet. Carangidae indet. Rafinesque 1815
Acanthomorphata - Centropomidae	Centropomus sp. Centropomus sp. Lacépède 1802
Acanthuriformes - Sciaenidae	Pogonias cromis Pogonias cromis Cope 1869 black drum

¹Alroy 2002; ²Alroy 2009; ³Berta and Morgan 1985; ⁴Bourque 2013; ⁵Hulbert 2005; ⁶Hulbert 1988; ⁷Hulbert 1993; ⁸Tedford et al. 1987; ⁹Tedford et al. 2009; ¹⁰Wang et al. 1999; ¹¹Webb 1989; ¹²Webb 2008