Eckfeld Maar (NHMM collection) (Eocene of Germany)

Where: Eifel, Germany (50.1° N, 6.8° E: paleocoordinates 47.0° N, 3.0° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: MP 13 zone, Eifel Formation, MP 13 (48.6 - 40.4 Ma)

• The Eifel is the German part of the outcropping Variscan Basement west of the river Rhine and nort of the river Mosel.

•"MP 13... recently dated at 44.3 +/- 0.4 million years BP (Mertz et al. 2000)" (Franzen 2004)

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: crater lake; siltstone and shale

• "a small freshwater [crater] lake a few hundred meters in diameter" (Franzen 2004)
• ...laminitic "oilshales" and siltstones... with frequent turbiditic intercalations... plant macrofossils are ... distributed throughout the sequence under investigation. ... coarse and robust plant debris such as wood fragments and large fruits/seeds is concentrated in the turbiditic layers. (Wilde and Frankenhauser 1998).

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: mold/impression, adpression, original carbon

Collection methods: quarrying, surface (in situ),

• Repository: Naturhistorisches Museum, Landessammlung für NaturLandessammlung für Naturkunde Rheinland-Pfalz, Mainz

Primary reference: V. Wilde and H. Frankenhauser. 1998. The Middle Eocene plant taphocoenosis from Eckfeld (Eifel, Germany). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 101:7-28 [H. Sims/H. Lindon/H. Lindon]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 24201: authorized by Hallie Sims, entered by Heather Lindon on 02.08.2002, edited by Hallie Sims, Jason Cassara, John Alroy, Jered Karr, Matthew Clapham and Evangelos Vlachos

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

unclassified
  -
cf. Didymochlaena sp.
Polypodiaceae s.l.
Rumohra recentior
Polypodiaceae s.l.; sporangia
Aceripollis striatus
Aceraceae (Acer)
Spinaepollis spinosus
Euphorbiaceae
Olaxipollis matthesii
Olacaceae (Olax)
Emmenopterys sp.
Rubiaceae
Reevesiapollis triangulus
Sterculiaceae: Reevesia (Reevesiapollis triangulus vel eocaenicus)
Pungiphyllum waltheri
Incerta sedis
Lindsaea sp.
Polypodiaceae s.l.
Chrysophyta
  -
Chrysophyceae indet. Pascher 1914
Algae; cysts
Equisetopsida
 Pinidae - Pinidae
Araucariacites europaeus
Araucariaceae?
Monocolpopollenites
  -
Lycopodiopsida
 Selaginellales -
Camarozonosporites eocaenicus clubmoss
Lycopodiaceae
Algae
  - Botryococcaceae
Botryococcus sp. Kutzing 1849
Algae (Botryoccaceae); coenobia
  - Zygnemataceae
Ovoidites sp. Krutzsch 1959
Algae (Zygnemataceae); zygospores
Pteridopsida
  -
Leiotriletes maxoides
Schizaeaceae
Leiotriletes microadriennis Krutzsch 1959
Schizaeaceae
Polypodiopsida
 Schizaeales - Polypodiidae
Microfoveolatosporites granuloides
Schizaeaceae (Schizaea)
Cicatricosisporites dorogensis Potonie and Gelletich 1933
Schizaeaceae
Lygodium kaulfussi Heer climbing fern
Schizaeaceae
  - Polypodiaceae
Laevigatosporites haardtii
Polypodiaceae s.l.
Laevigatosporites discordatus Thomson and Pflug 1953
Polypodiaceae s.l.
Verrucatosporites tennellis
Polypodiaceae s.l. (Polypodium)
  - Osmundaceae
"Osmunda lignitum" = Osmunda lignita Giebel 1857
Osmundaceae
Libocedrites salicornioides
  -
Libocedrites salicornioides Unger 1841
Cupressaceae s.s.
Ginkgoopsida
 Ephedrales -
Ephedripites eocenipites
Ephedraceae (Ephedra)
Angiospermae
 Sapindales - Anacardiaceae
cf. Pentoperculum sp. Manchester 1994 cashew
Anacardiaceae
 Sapindales - Rutaceae
Rutaceae indet. de Jussieu 1789 citrus
diaspores, ?pollen
 Sapindales - Burseraceae
Canarium sp. Linnaeus 1759
Burseraceae
 Malvales - Bombacaceae
Bombacacidites sp. Couper 1960
Bombacaceae
 Malpighiales - Euphorbiaceae
Tricolporopollenites megaexactus spurge
Clethraceae?/Cyrillaceae?
Tricolporopollenites parmularius spurge
Eucommiaceae (Eucommia)
Tricolporopollenites kruschii spurge
Nyssaceae (Nyssa)
 Fabales - Fabaceae
"Leguminosae indet." = Fabaceae
"Leguminosae indet." = Fabaceae Lindley 1836 legume
leaves, pollen, diaspores
 Fagales - Fagaceae
Fagaceae indet. Dumortier 1829
Archetype
 Fagales - Myricaceae
Comptonia sp. L'Héritier de Brutelle 1789
Myricaceae
 Fagales - Betulaceae
Alnipollenites verus Potonie 1931 birch
Betulaceae s.l. (Alnus)
Polyporopollenites undulosus birch
Ulmaceae s.l.
Polyporopollenites verrucatus birch
Ulmaceae s.l.
cf. Carpinus sp. Linnaeus 1753 hornbeam
Betulaceae s.l.
 Fagales - Juglandaceae
cf. Pterocarya sp. Kunth 1824 wingnut
Juglandaceae
cf. Platycarya sp. Siebold and Zuccarini 1843
Juglandaceae: leaves, pollen, diaspores, flowers
Caryapollenites circulus
Juglandaceae (Carya)
"cf. Engelhardtia sp." = Engelhardia Blume 1825
Juglandaceae: leaves, pollen, diaspores
 Rosales - Rosaceae
Rubus sp. Linnaeus 1753 bramble
Rosaceae
Rosa sp. Linnaeus 1753 rose
Rosaceae
 Rosales - Ulmaceae
cf. Zelkova sp. Spach 1841 zelkova
Ulmaceae s.l.
cf. Ulmus sp. Linnaeus 1753 elm
Ulmaceae s.l.
 Vitales - Vitaceae
Vitaceae indet. Jussieu 1789
leaves, pollen, diaspores
 Rosids - Moraceae
Ficus sp. Linnaeus 1753 fig
Moraceae
Dicotyledoneae
 Parietales - Ternstroemiaceae
 Ericales - Ericaceae
Ericipites callidus heather
Ericaceae
Ericipites ericius heather
Ericaceae
Ericipites sp. Wodehouse 1933 heather
Ericaceae
 Myrtales - Onagraceae
Corsinipollenites oculusnoctis willowherb
Onagraceae
Corsinipollenites verrucatus willowherb
Onagraceae
Angiospermae
 Asterales - Asteraceae
 Aquifoliales - Aquifoliaceae
Ilexpollenites iliacus
Aquifoliaceae (Ilex)
 Dipsacales - Adoxaceae
Sambucus sp. Linnaeus 1753 elder
Caprifoliaceae
 Santalales - Loranthaceae
Gothanipollis gothanii mistletoe
Loranthaceae s.l.
 Saxifragales - Hamamelidaceae
Hamamelidaceae indet. Brown 1818 witch-hazel
?pollen
 Ranunculales - Menispermaceae
Menispermaceae indet. de Jussieu 1789
pollen, diaspores, ?leaves
 Proteales -
 Mesangiosperms - Araceae
Araceae indet. de Jussieu 1789
 Liliales - Smilacaceae
cf. Smilax sp. Linnaeus 1753 greenbrier
Smilaceae
 Mesangiosperms - Arecaceae
Arecaceae indet. von Berchtold and Presl 1820 palm
(Palmae): leaves, pollen, flowers, spines
 Poales - Restionaceae
Milfordia hungarica
Restionaceae
Milfordia incerta
Restionaceae
Milfordia minima
Restionaceae
 Poales - Poaceae
Graminidites eifelensis bamboo
Poaceae (Gramineae)
Graminidites sp. Potonie 1960 bamboo
Poaceae (Gramineae)
 Poales - Cyperaceae
Cyperaceae indet. Jussieu 1789 sedge
 Poales - Typhaceae
Sparganiaceaepollenites spp. Thiergart 1937
Sparganiaceae
 Laurales - Lauraceae
cf. Daphnogene sp. Unger 1845 laurel
Lauraceae
cf. Laurophyllum sp. Göppert 1853 laurel
Lauraceae
 Alismatales - Hydrocharitaceae
Hydrocharitaceae indet. de Jussieu 1789
Pinopsida
 Pinales - Taxodiaceae
Taxodiaceae indet. Saporta 1865
Cupressacites insulipapillatus
Cupressaceae s.s.
 Pinales - Pinaceae
Pityosporites microalatus
Pinaceae (Cathaya)
Pityosporites labdacus
Pinaceae (Pinus)
 Pinales - Taxaceae
Cephalotaxus cf. messelensis yew
Cephalotaxaceae
Magnoliopsida
  -
Araliaceoipollenites euphorii
Araliaceae gen. indet.
Araliaceoipollenites sp. Potonié 1960
Araliaceae gen. indet.
Dicranites
  -
Dicranites sp. Klebs 1907
Bryophyte (Dicranaceae s.l.); capsules
Jungermanniopsida
 Porellales - Frullaniaceae
cf. Frullania sp. Raddi 1818
Bryophyte (Jungermanniaceae)
Bryopsida
  -
Muscites sp. Brongniart 1828
Bryophyte (incerta sedis)
 Charales - Characea
Chara sp. Linnaeus 1753 stonewort
Algae (Charophyceae); gyrogonites
Insecta
 Dicondylia -
Orthoptera indet.4 Olivier 1789 grasshopper
 Hemiptera - Cydnidae
Cydnidae "indet. 1"4 Billberg 1820 burrowing bug
Cydnidae "indet. 2"4 Billberg 1820 burrowing bug
Cydnidae "indet. 3"4 Billberg 1820 burrowing bug
Cydnidae "indet. 4"4 Billberg 1820 burrowing bug
 Coleoptera - Cupedidae
Cupes legalovi n. sp.3, Cupes lutzi n. sp.3, Cupes golovatchi n. sp.3
Cupes legalovi n. sp.3 Kirejtshuk 2020 reticulated beetle
PE 1992000522
Cupes lutzi n. sp.3 Kirejtshuk 2020 reticulated beetle
PE 200001141
Cupes golovatchi n. sp.3 Kirejtshuk 2020 reticulated beetle
PE 200001146
 Coleoptera - Chrysomelidae
Chrysomelidae indet.4 Latreille 1802 leaf beetle
Alticinae indet.4 Newman 1834 flea beetle
 Coleoptera - Brentidae
Apioninae "indet. 3"4 Schoenherr 1823 weevil
Apioninae "indet. 4"4 Schoenherr 1823 weevil
 Coleoptera - Eucnemidae
Eucnemidae indet.4 Eschscholtz 1829 false click beetle
 Coleoptera - Elateridae
Agrypnus sp.4 Eschscholtz 1829 click beetle
Agrypnus "sp 1"4 Eschscholtz 1829 click beetle
Agrypnus "sp 2"4 Eschscholtz 1829 click beetle
Agrypnus "sp 3"4 Eschscholtz 1829 click beetle
Agrypnus "sp 4"4 Eschscholtz 1829 click beetle
Agrypnus "sp 5"4 Eschscholtz 1829 click beetle
Agrypnus "sp 6"4 Eschscholtz 1829 click beetle
Macropunctum eocaenicum4 Meunier 1921 click beetle
Macropunctum angustiscutellum4 Tröster 1994 click beetle
Macropunctum angulosum4 Tröster 1999 click beetle
Macropunctum senckenbergi4 Tröster 1994 click beetle
Macropunctum messelense4 Tröster 1991 click beetle
most common Macropunctum making up 48%
Macropunctum rebugense4 Tröster 1994 click beetle
Macropunctum meunieri4 Tröster 1991 click beetle
 Coleoptera - Buprestidae
"Coroebini "indet. 1"" = Coraebini4
"Coroebini "indet. 1"" = Coraebini4 Bedel 1921 jewel beetle
 Coleoptera - Scarabaeidae
Scarabaeinae indet.4 Latreille 1802 scarab beetle
Cetoniinae indet.4 Leach 1815 flower chafer
15 specimens poorly preserved likely to different morphgroups
Melolonthinae indet.4 scarab beetle
Mammalia
 Rodentia - Ischyromyidae
Ailuravus picteti1 Rütimeyer 1891 rodent
 Primates - Notharctidae
Periconodon sp.1 Stehlin 1916 primate
Europolemur klatti1 Weigelt 1933 primate
 Perissodactyla - Lophiodontidae
Lophiodon leptorhynchum1 Filhol 1888 odd-toed ungulate
 Perissodactyla - Palaeotheriidae
Propalaeotherium voigti1, "Paraplagiolophus codiciensis" = Plagiolophus codiciensis1, Palaeotherium castrense1, "Propalaeotherium isselanum" = Palaeotherium isselanum1, "Propalaeotherium parvulum" = Eurohippus parvulus1
Propalaeotherium voigti1 Matthes 1977 odd-toed ungulate
"Paraplagiolophus codiciensis" = Plagiolophus codiciensis1 Gaudry 1865 odd-toed ungulate
Palaeotherium castrense1 Noulet 1863 odd-toed ungulate
"Palaeotherium castrense castrense"
"Propalaeotherium isselanum" = Palaeotherium isselanum1 Cuvier 1824 odd-toed ungulate
"Propalaeotherium parvulum" = Eurohippus parvulus1 Laurillard 1849 odd-toed ungulate
 Artiodactyla - Choeropotamidae
Haplobunodon solodurense1 Stehlin 1908 even-toed ungulate
 Artiodactyla - Cebochoeridae
Cebochoerus cf. ruetimeyeri1 Stehlin 1908 even-toed ungulate
Gervachoerus cf. jaegeri1 Sudre 1978 even-toed ungulate
 Artiodactyla - Dichobunidae
Neufferia manderscheidi1 Franzen 1994 even-toed ungulate
Hyperdichobune hammeli1 Sudre 1978 even-toed ungulate
Lutzia eckfeldensis1 Franzen 1994 even-toed ungulate
Reptilia
 Testudines - Chelydridae
"Chelydrasia decheni" = Chelydropsis decheni2
"Chelydrasia decheni" = Chelydropsis decheni2 Meyer 1852 turtle
NMM / LS PW 1995/28-LS: Schädelfrag ment (l = 67,96, b = 40,52 mm); o.Nr.[II]: Peri pherale antero lateral, ex HT; o.Nr.: Hyoplastron frag ment sin. (l = 45,69, bprox = 35,38, bdist= 31,82 mm); PW 1991/188-LS: Hyoplastron fragment sin., HAT; PW 1997/32- LS: Hypo plastron und Xiphi plastron dex.; PW 1997/55-LS: antero laterales Peri pherale.
 Testudines - Testudinidae
"Barnesia eocaenica n. gen." = Pelorochelon eocaenica2, "Eochersina steinbacherae" = Cheirogaster steinbacheri2, Eochersis eiflaensis n. gen. n. sp.2, Palaeoemys hessiaca2
"Barnesia eocaenica n. gen." = Pelorochelon eocaenica2 Hummel 1935 turtle
GMH-XVIII Cecilie NO 24, stark ver drückter Panzer mit Schädel- und Extremitäten resten, Holo typus zu HUMMEL (1935: fig. 23a-b, Taf. IIa, pl. III); GMH-Cecilie I, Plastron, Original exemplar zu HUMMEL (1935: fig. 24); GMH-XVIII Cecilie, anteriore Plastron hälfte, Original exemplar zu HUMMEL (1935: fig. 25a-b); GMH-Cecilie NE 39, Plastron, Original exemplar zu HUMMEL (1935: fig. 26); GMH-Cecilie NE 25, Carapax und Plastron reste, Original exemplar zu HUMMEL (1935: fig. 27a-b); GMH-XXVI Cecilie, posteriore Carapax reste, Original exemplar zu HUMMEL (1935: fig. 28); GMH-XXII 147/1961, linker Humerus, Radius, Ulna, linke und rechte Scapula (Taf. 1c-g hier); GMH-XXXVI 248/1962, Plastron (Taf. 3a-c hier, Abb. 5); GMH-XXXVI 63/1962, Plastron und Carapax, Original ex em plar zu HAUBOLD (1983: fig. 99); GMH-XLII/12, posteriorer Frontal lobus, Original exem plar zu HAUBOLD (1983: fig. 97); GMH-XVIII 987/ 1958, verdrückter Panzer, Original ex em plar zu ZIMMER MANN-ROLLIUS (1967: fig. 5-6); GMH-XIV 783/1957, 2 Brücken peripheralia; GMH-XVIII 3174/57/ Ns/1957, Carapax reste, Original ex em plar zu ZIMMER MANN-ROLLIUS (1965); linke Brückenperipheralia III-IV (Taf. 1b hier); GMH-10894, ver drückte Panzer reste; GMH-XVIII 913/ Ns/1958, Plastron reste; GMH-XXXVI 42/1962, linke Carapax hälfte (Taf. 1a hier); GMHXVIII 913/Ns/1958, Plastron, Original ex emplar zu ZIMMER MANN-ROLLIUS (1967: fig. 4); GMH-Cec 6781/1933, verdrücktes Exemplar in Ventral an sicht zu HUMMEL (1935: Taf. III) (Taf. 2a hier); GMH-6783, ver drücktes Ex em plar in Ventral an sicht (Taf. 2b hier); GMH-XXXVI 63/1962, ver drücktes Ex em plar in Ventral ansicht (Taf. 2c hier).
"Eochersina steinbacherae" = Cheirogaster steinbacheri2 Karl 1996 turtle
Eochersis eiflaensis n. gen. n. sp.2 Karl 2018 turtle
NMM / LS PW o.Nr. [XIII]: Brücken peripherale m. Sutur; PW 1997/83-LS: Panzer frag ment in Tuff (Entoplastron l>b, 6P/ 4/ 8/ 4/ 8/-); PW o.Nr.: Peri pher ale (h = 55,83, bprox = 46,75, bdist = 53,09, dprox = 17,30 mm); PW 1997/48-LS: postero laterales Peripherale; PW 1997/40-LS: postero laterales Peripherale; PW 2000/190- LS: Brücken peripherale.
Palaeoemys hessiaca2 Schleich 1994 turtle
NMM / LS PW 1995/ 29-LS: Xiphi plastron sin.
 Testudines -
Borkenia philippeni n. sp.2 Karl 2018 turtle
NMM / LS PW 2008/1-LS: etwas ver formter voll ständiger Panzer.
Borkenia eckfeldense n. sp.2 Karl 2018 turtle
NMM / LS o.Nr. [VII]: inguinales Brücken peripherale, NMM / LS PW 1998/116- LS: Panzer, PW 1995/32-LS: postero laterales Peripherale, PW 1995/33-LS: antero laterales Peri pherale, PW 1995/30-LS: Peri pherale VII+ VIII, PW 1999/46-LS: postero laterales Peripherale, PW 1997/48-LS: postero laterales Peripherale, PW 2011/1-LS: Plastron (Abb. 3, Fig. 6); PW 2006/131-LS: Panzer; PW 1995/ 27-LS: antero laterales Peripherale; PW 2000/182-LS: antero laterales Peripherale.
 Testudines - Geoemydidae
"Geiselemys ptychogastroides" = Geoemyda ptychogastroides2
"Geiselemys ptychogastroides" = Geoemyda ptychogastroides2 Hummel 1935 turtle
NMM / LS PW 1995/o.Nr.-LS: Xiphi plastron sin.
 Testudines - Trionychidae
Rafetoides messelianus2 Reinach 1900 softshell turtle
NMM / LS PW o.Nr.[VII A2 1,2/2]: Pelvis fragment, Femur fragment prox.; PW 1995/26-LS: Femur dex.; o.Nr.: Humerus dex.; PW 1992/1299-LS: Pleurale fragment; PW o.Nr.: Humerus; PW 2011/3-LS: Panzer mit Innen skelett s. 2011/2 (Abb. 3, Fig. 7); PW 2011/2-LS: Hyo plastron sin. zu 2011/3; PW 2011/4: Hypo plastron frag ment, 2 Pleuralia fragmente; PW 2006/130-LS: Geode mit Pleuralia fragmenten; PW 2008/27-LS: Neurale fragment, Pleurale fragment; PW 2006/ o.Nr., 53 DKLH-LS: Geode mit Discus hälfte sin.; PW 2006/6-LS: Diskus
Sargentodoxa
  -
cf. Sargentodoxa sp.
Sargentodoxaceae
Tetracolporopollenites
  -
Tetracolporopollenites spp. Pflug and Thomson 1953
Sapotaceae "T. spp. div."
Acrostichum
  -
Acrostichum sp. Linnaeus 1753
Polypodiaceae s.l.
Sagrinae
  - Sagrinae
Sagrinae indet.4 Leach 1815 frog-legged beetle
Trivestibulopollenites
  -
Trivestibulopollenites betuloides
Betulaceae s.l. (Betula)
Plicatopollis
  -
Plicatopollis plicatus
  -
Plicatopollis plicatus Potonié 1934
Juglandaceae
Tetraedron
  - Chlorococcaceae
Tetraedron sp. Kutzing 1845
Algae (Botryoccaceae); unicells
Tricolpopollenites
  -
Tricolpopollenites asper
Fagaceae (Quercus)
Tricolpopollenites retiformis
  -
Tricolpopollenites retiformis Thomson and Pflug 1953
Salicaceae
Mastixiaceae
  - Mastixiaceae
Mastixiaceae indet. Calestani 1905