PBDB Collection

Fisher/Sullivan Site (Eocene of the United States)

Where: Stafford County, Virginia (38.3° N, 77.4° W: paleocoordinates 38.8° N, 61.0° W)

• coordinate based on political unit

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Potapaco Member (Nanjemoy Formation), Wasatchian (55.8 - 50.3 Ma)

• zone 11 of Bed B of the Potapaco Member and is assigned to the calcareous nannofossil zone NP 11; estimated age of 53.6 to 52.8 million years

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: marine; lithology not reported

• shallow marine environment

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Primary reference: K. D. Rose. 1999. Part 7. Fossil Mammals from the Early Eocene Fisher/Sullivan Site. Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Publication 152:133-138 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Shalap]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 15595: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 15.05.2002, edited by Mark Uhen, Margaret Shalap, Philip Mannion and Grace Varnham

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names

unclassified
-	Premontria degremonti³ Premontria degremonti³
Chondrichthyes
Lamniformes - Carchariidae	Carcharias teretidens³, Carcharias hopei³ Carcharias teretidens³ sand shark Carcharias hopei³ Agassiz 1843 sand shark
Lamniformes - Mitsukurinidae	Striatolamia macrota³, Anomotodon novus³ Striatolamia macrota³ Agassiz 1838 goblin shark Anomotodon novus³ goblin shark
Lamniformes - Otodontidae	"Cretolamna appendiculata" = Cretalamna appendiculata³, Otodus obliquus³ "Cretolamna appendiculata" = Cretalamna appendiculata³ Agassiz 1835 mackerel shark Otodus obliquus³ Agassiz 1838 mackerel shark
Lamniformes - Odontaspididae	Odontaspis winkleri³, Palaeohypotodus ratoti³ Odontaspis winkleri³ Leriche 1905 sand tiger shark Palaeohypotodus ratoti³ sand tiger shark
Lamniformes - Serratolamnidae	Serratolamna aschersoni³, Serratolamna lerichei³ Serratolamna aschersoni³ mackerel shark Serratolamna lerichei³ mackerel shark
Orectolobiformes - Rhinocodontidae	Palaeorhincodon wardi³ Palaeorhincodon wardi³ carpet shark
Orectolobiformes - Orectolobidae	Orectolobidae indet.³ Orectolobidae indet.³ Jordan and Fowler 1903 wobbegong
Orectolobiformes - Ginglymostomatidae	Ginglymostoma africanam³, Ginglymostoma subafricanum³, Nebrius thielensis³, "Ginglymostoma serra" = Nebrius serra³ Ginglymostoma africanam³ nurse shark Ginglymostoma subafricanum³ Arambourg 1952 nurse shark Nebrius thielensis³ Winkler 1874 nurse shark "Ginglymostoma serra" = Nebrius serra³ Leidy 1877 nurse shark
Carcharhiniformes - Triakidae	Triakis wardi³, Palaeogaleus vincenti³, Galeorhinus ypresiensis³, Pachygaleus lefevrei³ Triakis wardi³ hound shark Palaeogaleus vincenti³ Daimeries 1889 hound shark Galeorhinus ypresiensis³ Casier 1946 school shark Pachygaleus lefevrei³ Daimeries 1891 hound shark
Carcharhiniformes - Carcharhinidae	Abdounia recticona³, Abdounia beaugei³, Abdounia minutissima³, Physogaleus secundas³ Abdounia recticona³ requiem shark Abdounia beaugei³ Arambourg 1935 requiem shark Abdounia minutissima³ Winkler 1874 requiem shark Physogaleus secundas³ requiem shark
Carcharhiniformes - Scyliorhinidae	"Scyliorhinus gilberti" = Premontreia gilberti³ "Scyliorhinus gilberti" = Premontreia gilberti³ Casier 1946 cat shark
Rhinopristiformes - Pristidae	Pristis luthami⁴, Propristis schweinfurthi⁴, Anoxypristis macrodens⁴, Anoxypristis sp.⁴ Pristis luthami⁴ sawfish Propristis schweinfurthi⁴ Priem 1897 sawfish Anoxypristis macrodens⁴ sawfish Anoxypristis sp.⁴ White and Moy-Thomas 1941 sawfish
Rajiformes - Rhinobatidae	"Rhinobatos bruxelliensis" = Rhinobatus bruxelliensis⁴ "Rhinobatos bruxelliensis" = Rhinobatus bruxelliensis⁴ Jaekel 1894 guitarfish
Myliobatiformes - Aetobatidae	Aetobatus irregularis⁴ Aetobatus irregularis⁴ Agassiz 1843 stingray
Myliobatiformes -	Coupatezia woatersi⁴, Heterotorpedo fowleri⁴ Coupatezia woatersi⁴ stingray Heterotorpedo fowleri⁴ Ward 1983 stingray
Myliobatiformes - Myliobatidae	Myliobatis latidens⁴, Burnhamia daviesi⁴, Archaeomanta melenhorsti⁴, Aetomylaeus sp.⁴, "Myliobatis striatus" = Aetomylaeus striatus⁴, "Myliobatis dixoni" = Aetomylaeus dixoni⁴, Meridiania conyexa⁴ Myliobatis latidens⁴ Woodward 1888 eagle ray Burnhamia daviesi⁴ Woodward 1889 eagle ray Archaeomanta melenhorsti⁴ Herman 1979 eagle ray Aetomylaeus sp.⁴ Garman 1908 eagle ray "Myliobatis striatus" = Aetomylaeus striatus⁴ Agassiz 1843 eagle ray "Myliobatis dixoni" = Aetomylaeus dixoni⁴ Agassiz 1843 eagle ray Meridiania conyexa⁴ eagle ray
Myliobatiformes - Rhinopteridae	Rhinoptera sherboni⁴ Rhinoptera sherboni⁴ White 1926 cownose ray
Myliobatiformes -	Hypolophodon sylvestris⁴ Hypolophodon sylvestris⁴ White 1931 stingray
Myliobatiformes - Dasyatidae	"Jacquhermania duponti" = Dasyatis duponti⁴ "Jacquhermania duponti" = Dasyatis duponti⁴ Winkler 1874 whiptail stingray
Squatiniformes - Squatinidae	Squatina prima³ Squatina prima³ Winkler 1874 angel shark
Squaliformes - Dalatiidae	Isistius trituratus³ Isistius trituratus³ Winkler 1874 shark
Squaliformes - Squalidae	Squalus crenatidens³ Squalus crenatidens³ Arambourg 1952 dogfish shark
Echinorhiniformes - Echinorhinidae	Echinorhinus priscus³ Echinorhinus priscus³ shark
Heterodontiformes - Heterodontidae	Heterodontus lerichei³ Heterodontus lerichei³ Casier 1943 bullhead shark
Hexanchiformes - Hexanchidae	Hexanchus sp.³ Hexanchus sp.³ Rafinesque 1810 sixgill shark
Mammalia
-	Mammalia indet.⁹ Mammalia indet.⁹ Linnaeus 1758 mammal
Tribosphenida - Peradectidae	Peradectes guottai n. sp.⁹ Peradectes guottai n. sp.⁹ marsupial
Cimolesta - Esthonychidae	cf. Esthonyx sp. cf. Esthonyx sp. Cope 1874 tillodont
Condylarthra - Hyopsodontidae	cf. Hyopsodus sp. cf. Hyopsodus sp. Leidy 1870 condylarth
Tribosphenida - Pantolestoidae	cf. Palaeosinopa sp. cf. Palaeosinopa sp. Matthew 1901 placental
Soricomorpha - Nyctitheriidae	Nyctitheriidae indet. Nyctitheriidae indet. Simpson 1928 placental
Perissodactyla -	aff. Homogalax sp. aff. Homogalax sp. Hay 1899 odd-toed ungulate
Carnivora - Miacidae	Miacidae indet. Miacidae indet. Cope 1880 carnivoran
Rodentia - Ischyromyidae	? Ischyromyidae indet. ? Ischyromyidae indet. Alston 1876 rodent
Primates - Omomyidae	Omomyidae indet.¹⁰ Omomyidae indet.¹⁰ Gazin 1958 tarsier
Reptilia
Squamata - Anguidae	Parophisaurus mccloskeyi n. sp.¹¹ Parophisaurus mccloskeyi n. sp.¹¹ Weems 1999 squamates anguid
Squamata - Palaeophiidae	Palaeophis casei¹¹, Palaeophis virginianus¹¹, Palaeophis toliapicus¹¹ Palaeophis casei¹¹ Holman 1982 snake Palaeophis virginianus¹¹ Lynn 1934 snake Palaeophis toliapicus¹¹ Owen 1841 snake palaeophid
Testudines - Pantrionychidae	cf. Trionyx pennatus¹¹ cf. Trionyx pennatus¹¹ Cope 1869 turtle
Testudines - Cheloniidae	Puppigerus camperi¹¹, ? Dollochelys sp.¹¹ Puppigerus camperi¹¹ Gray 1831 sea turtle cheloniid ? Dollochelys sp.¹¹ Zangerl 1971 sea turtle toxochelyid
Testudines - Dermochelyidae	cf. Eosphargis gigas¹¹ cf. Eosphargis gigas¹¹ Owen 1880 leatherback dermochelyid
Crocodylia -	Crocodylia indet.⁸, Eosuchus minor¹ Crocodylia indet.⁸ Owen 1842 crocodilian Eosuchus minor¹ Marsh 1870 crocodilian
Crocodylia - Gavialidae	Thoracosaurus neocesariensis¹¹ Thoracosaurus neocesariensis¹¹ De Kay 1842 crocodilian
Aves
Aves -	Aves "gen. et sp. indet. B"⁵, Aves "gen. et sp. indet. C"⁵, Aves "gen. et sp. indet. D"⁵, Aves "gen. et sp. indet. E"⁵, Aves "gen. et sp. indet."⁶ Aves "gen. et sp. indet. B"⁵ Linnaeus 1758 bird SMF Av 633; also listed as cf. Microena Aves "gen. et sp. indet. C"⁵ Linnaeus 1758 bird SMF Av 634; also listed as cf. Morsoravis Aves "gen. et sp. indet. D"⁵ Linnaeus 1758 bird SMF Av 637 Aves "gen. et sp. indet. E"⁵ Linnaeus 1758 bird SMF Av 638-642; also listed as cf. Threskiornithidae Aves "gen. et sp. indet."⁶ Linnaeus 1758 bird USNM PAL 771593; USNM PAL 771608; USNM PAL 771601; USNM PAL 771604
-	Aves "gen. et sp. indet. A"⁵ Aves "gen. et sp. indet. A"⁵ Linnaeus 1758 bird Crane-sized
Charadriiformes -	Charadriiformes indet.⁵, Scolopaci indet.⁷ Charadriiformes indet.⁵ shorebird SMF Av 619; USNM PAL 771602; USNM PAL 771603; USNM PAL 771607 Scolopaci indet.⁷ Strauch 1978 shorebird "tarsometatarsus is likely to be from a messelornithid, whereas humerus may be from a procellariiform bird" (Mayr 2016)
Charadriiformes - Graculavidae	? Graculavidae indet.⁷ ? Graculavidae indet.⁷ Fürbringer 1888 shorebird Two occurrences - one "may be conspecific with putative threskiornithid reported herein" (Mayr 2016)
Odontopterygiformes - Pelagornithidae	"? Odontopteryx sp." = Dasornis⁷ "? Odontopteryx sp." = Dasornis⁷ Owen 1870 bird
Phoenicopteriformes - Phoenicopteridae	? Phoenicopteridae indet.⁷ ? Phoenicopteridae indet.⁷ Bonaparte 1838 flamingo
Gruiformes - Messelornithidae	cf. Messelornis sp.⁵ cf. Messelornis sp.⁵ Hesse 1988 bird SMF Av 620-622
Psittaciformes - Messelasturidae	Messelasturidae "gen. et sp. indet. A"⁶, Messelasturidae "gen. et sp. indet. B"⁶ Messelasturidae "gen. et sp. indet. A"⁶ Mayr 2005 parrot Messelasturidae "gen. et sp. indet. B"⁶ Mayr 2005 parrot
Psittaciformes - Halcyornithidae	cf. Halcyornithidae indet.², cf. Pulchrapollia sp.⁵ cf. Halcyornithidae indet.² Harrison and Walker 1972 parrot USNM PAL 706444 cf. Pulchrapollia sp.⁵ Dyke and Cooper 2000 parrot SMF Av 628; tentatively referred specimens: SMF Av 629-631; USNM PAL 771600; USNM PAL 771599; USNM PAL 771605;
Neornithes - Zygodactylidae	Zygodactylidae indet.⁶ Zygodactylidae indet.⁶ Brodkorb 1971 bird USNM PAL 771590
Coraciiformes -	Parvicuculus sp.⁶ Parvicuculus sp.⁶ Harrison and Walker 1977 bird USNM PAL 496384
Neornithes -	? Trogoniformes indet.⁵ ? Trogoniformes indet.⁵ Wetmore and Miller 1926 trogon SMF Av 623
Apodiformes - Eocypselidae	cf. Eocypselidae indet.⁵ cf. Eocypselidae indet.⁵ Harrison 1984 swift SMF Av 624
Strigiformes - Protostrigidae	Eostrix gulottai n. sp.⁵ Eostrix gulottai n. sp.⁵ Mayr 2016 owl SMF Av 627 - type (distal end of right tarsometatarsus)
Caprimulgiformes - Caprimulgidae	? Caprimulgidae indet.⁷ ? Caprimulgidae indet.⁷ Vigors 1825 nightjar Two occurrences
Caprimulgiformes - Steatornithidae	? Steatornithidae indet.⁷ ? Steatornithidae indet.⁷ Bonaparte 1842 oilbird
Neornithes -	? Procellariiformes indet.⁵ ? Procellariiformes indet.⁵ bird SMF Av 617
Suliformes - Fregatidae	cf. Limnofregata sp.⁵ cf. Limnofregata sp.⁵ Olson 1977 frigatebird SMF Av 618
- Psittacopedidae	cf. Pumiliornis sp.⁶ cf. Pumiliornis sp.⁶ Mayr 1999 bird USNM PAL 771594; USNM PAL 771592
Reptilia
Galliformes - Phasianidae	cf. Coturnipes cooperi⁷ cf. Coturnipes cooperi⁷ Harrison and Walker 1977 pheasant Mayr (2016): "may be conspecific with the putative procellariiform reported in the present study"
Actinopteri
Pycnodontiformes - Pycnodontidae	Pycnodus sp.¹² Pycnodus sp.¹² Agassiz 1833
Osteoglossiformes - Osteoglossidae	Brychaetus muelleri¹² Brychaetus muelleri¹² Woodward 1901 arowana
Albuliformes - Albulidae	Albula eppsi¹², Albula oweni¹² Albula eppsi¹² White and Frost 1931 bonefish Albula oweni¹² Agassiz 1844 bonefish
Elopiformes - Phyllodontidae	Paralbula marylandica¹², Phyllodus toliapicus¹², Egertonia isodonta¹² Paralbula marylandica¹² Blake 1940 Phyllodus toliapicus¹² Agassiz 1839 Egertonia isodonta¹² Cocchi 1866
Elopiformes - Megalopidae	Megalopidae indet.¹² Megalopidae indet.¹² Jordan 1923
Anguilliformes - Congridae	cf. Bolcyrus formosissimus¹², Voltaconger latispinus¹² cf. Bolcyrus formosissimus¹² Eastman 1905 conger eel Voltaconger latispinus¹² Agassiz 1835 conger eel
Siluriformes - Ariidae	? Arius sp.¹² ? Arius sp.¹² Cuvier and Valenciennes 1840 Ariid catfish
Scombriformes - Palaeorhynchidae	Aglyptorhynchus veneblesi¹² Aglyptorhynchus veneblesi¹² Casier 1966
Scombriformes - Trichiuridae	Trichiurides sagittidens¹² Trichiurides sagittidens¹² Winkler 1874
Scombriformes - Scombridae	Acanthocybium proosti¹², Sarda delheidi¹², Scomberomorus sp.¹², Scomberomorus bleekeri¹², Scombrinus sp.¹² Acanthocybium proosti¹² Storms 1897 Sarda delheidi¹² Leriche 1905 Scomberomorus sp.¹² Lacépède 1802 Scomberomorus bleekeri¹² Storms 1892 Scombrinus sp.¹² Woodward 1901
Scombriformes - Pomatomidae	Sullivanichthys mccloskeyi n. gen. n. sp.¹² Sullivanichthys mccloskeyi n. gen. n. sp.¹² Weems 1999
Spariformes - Sparidae	cf. Sciaenurus bowerbanki¹² cf. Sciaenurus bowerbanki¹² Agassiz 1845
Tetraodontiformes - Ostraciidae	Ostraciidae indet.¹² Ostraciidae indet.¹²
Acanthuriformes - Sciaenidae	Fisherichthys folmeri n. gen. n. sp.¹² Fisherichthys folmeri n. gen. n. sp.¹² Weems 1999
Acanthomorphata - Percichthyidae	Cyclopoma folmeri n. sp.¹² Cyclopoma folmeri n. sp.¹² Weems 1999
Teleostei -	? Perciformes indet.¹² ? Perciformes indet.¹² Bleeker 1859 perch-like fish Nine occurrences
Perciformes - Serranidae	Prolates dormaalensis¹² Prolates dormaalensis¹² Casier 1967 perch-like fish
Carangiformes - Carangidae	Teratichthys antiquitatus¹² Teratichthys antiquitatus¹² Konig 1825
Istiophoriformes - Sphyraenidae	Sphyraena bognorensis¹² Sphyraena bognorensis¹² Casier 1966 barracuda
Acanthopterygii -	Cylindracanthus rectus¹² Cylindracanthus rectus¹² Agassiz 1843
Amiiformes - Amiidae	Amia sp.¹² Amia sp.¹² Linnaeus 1766 bowfin
Lepisosteiformes - Lepisosteidae	Lepisosteus sp.¹² Lepisosteus sp.¹² Agassiz 1843 gar
Osteichthyes
Acipenseriformes - Acipenseridae	Acipenser sp.¹² Acipenser sp.¹² Linnaeus 1758 sturgeon

¹Burke et al. 2024; ²Carpenter and Parris 2020; ³Kent 1999; ⁴Kent 1999; ⁵Mayr 2016; ⁶Mayr et al. 2021; ⁷Olson 1999; ⁸Rio et al. 2020; ⁹Rose 2010; ¹⁰Rose et al. 2021; ¹¹Weems 1999; ¹²Weems 1999