PBDB Collection

Perrier-Etouaires (Pliocene of France)

Also known as Les Etouaires, Etouaires, Perrier

Where: France (45.7° N, 2.9° E: paleocoordinates 45.8° N, 2.6° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

When: MN 16 (3.2 - 2.6 Ma)

• Middle Pliocene, Villafranchian, Villanyian. Estimated to date between 2.6-2.25Ma.

Environment/lithology:

Size class: macrofossils

Collection methods: This paper gives an updated faunal list. Where details have been provided on earlier identifications these have been entered too.

•Type locailty for Sus arvernensis Croizet & Jobert, 1828, Gazella borbonica Deperet, 1884 and Pliotragus ardeus (Deperet, 1884).

Primary reference: E. Heintz, C. Guerin, R. Martin and F. Prat. 1974. Principaux gisements villafranchiens de France: Listes fauniques et biostratigraphie. Memoires du Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres 78(1):169-182 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan]more details

Purpose of describing collection: biostratigraphic analysis

PaleoDB collection 47100: authorized by Alan Turner, entered by Hannah O'Regan on 08.02.2005

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• Like Vialette, the equids reported from this site appear to have been mis-identifed or poorly provenanced. Therefore the authors conclude that Equus stenonis was not present in this fauna. Hippopotamus has also been reported and subsequently discounted.

Show authors, comments, and common names

Mammalia
Proboscidea - Mammutidae	Zygolophodon borsoni Zygolophodon borsoni mastodon
Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae	Anancus arvernensis Anancus arvernensis Croizet and Jobert 1828 gomphothere
Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae	"Dicerorhinus jeanvireti" = Stephanorhinus jeanvireti, Stephanorhinus etruscus³ "Dicerorhinus jeanvireti" = Stephanorhinus jeanvireti Guérin 1972 rhinoceros 5 tarsals (2327), 5 metatarsals (2331), 1 radius (2317), 1 right femur, 2 metacarpals (2339, 2333), all in the MNHN, Paris. Stephanorhinus etruscus³ Falconer 1868 rhinoceros 2 right humeri and 1 atlas (MNHN, Paris), 1 right juvenile calcaneum (P. 86, Lyon Museum), 1 incomplete juvenile tibia and a fragment of proximal radius (D17 and D8-10, Clermont-Ferrand) and 3 femora (Prr 155, 323 and 340, Bale Museum).
Perissodactyla - Tapiridae	Tapirus arvernensis Tapirus arvernensis Croizet and Jobert 1828 tapir not rare.
Artiodactyla - Cervidae	Croizetoceros ramosus, ""Cervus" cusanus" = Procapreolus cusanus, ""Cervus" pardinensis" = Metacervocerus pardinensis, Arvernoceros ardei, ""Cervus" perrieri" = Praeelaphus perrieri Croizetoceros ramosus Croizet and Jobert 1828 deer ""Cervus" cusanus" = Procapreolus cusanus Croizet and Jobert 1928 deer ""Cervus" pardinensis" = Metacervocerus pardinensis Croizet and Jobert 1828 deer Arvernoceros ardei Croizet and Jobert 1828 deer ""Cervus" perrieri" = Praeelaphus perrieri Croizet and Jobert 1828 deer
Artiodactyla - Bovidae	Leptobos elatus, Gazella borbonica, Pliotragus ardeus Leptobos elatus antelope Material in Bale Museum and MNHN, Paris. Gazella borbonica gazelle Pliotragus ardeus Deperet 1883 antelope
Artiodactyla - Suidae	Sus arvernensis Sus arvernensis Deperet 1885 pig 6 maxilla and mandible fragments, include two type specimens from Croizet and Jobert (1829). All held in the Croizet Collection, MNHM, Paris.
Carnivora - Felidae	Acinonyx pardinensis, Lynx issiodorensis, ? Homotherium crenatidens, Megantereon megantereon Acinonyx pardinensis Croizet and Jobert 1828 cheetah type specimen, a mandible , held in the MNHN, Paris. Figured in Schaub 1949. Lynx issiodorensis Croizet and Jobert 1828 lynx abundant. 3 crania in Bale (Prr 200, 201, 411) and 1 cranium in Lyon Museum (P. 143). ? Homotherium crenatidens Fabrini 1890 cat doubtful metatarsals in Bale Museum. Megantereon megantereon Croizet and Jobert 1828 cat 1 cranium in MNHN, Paris.
Carnivora - Hyaenidae	Chasmaporthetes lunensis², Pliocrocuta perrieri³ Chasmaporthetes lunensis² Del Campana 1914 hyaena Isolated teeth kept in Clermont. Pliocrocuta perrieri³ Kretzoi 1938 hyaena Type specimen, a mandible (834) in MNHN, Paris.
Carnivora - Ursidae	Ursus etruscus Ursus etruscus Cuvier 1823 bear Material in the Bravard collection MNHN, Paris, figured by Heller (1949) and Viret (1954).
Carnivora - Mustelidae	Enhydrictis ardea, Baranogale antiqua, "Aonyx bravardi" = Lutra bravardi Enhydrictis ardea Bravard 1828 mustelid carnivore Baranogale antiqua Pomel 1864 mustelid carnivore at least 2 mandibles in the MNHM, Paris, figured in Schaub 1949. "Aonyx bravardi" = Lutra bravardi Pomel 1843 otter at least 1 maxilla figured in Gervais 1859.
Carnivora - Canidae	? Vulpes alopecoides, Canis megamastoides n. sp., Canis aff. etruscus ? Vulpes alopecoides Forsyth Major 1877 fox a back paw? (patte posterieure) M56 in Clermont. Canis megamastoides n. sp. Pomel 1842 canine material in MNHN, Paris. Canis aff. etruscus Forsyth Major 1877 canine Material in the NHM, London and a tibia (R. 21) in Clermont.
Theriamorpha - Talpidae	Talpidae indet., Galemys sp. Talpidae indet. Fischer de Waldheim 1817 mole several specimens including an upper right M3 (Prr 103) and a proximal ulna fragment (Prr 98), all in Bale Museum. Galemys sp. Kaup 1829 Pyrenean desman 1 right lower M1 (Prr 104, Bale)
Rodentia - Cricetidae	Mimomys sp.¹ Mimomys sp.¹ Forsyth-Major 1902 vole

¹Bonifay 1991; ²McKenna and Bell 1997; ³O'Regan 2003