Where: Lebanon (34.0° N, 35.8° E: paleocoordinates 33.6° N, 35.4° E)
• coordinate estimated from map
When: Late/Upper Miocene (11.6 - 5.3 Ma)
Environment/lithology: lacustrine - large; lithified, silty, sandy, conglomeratic marl
•" a) Greyish-blue compact clays with tiny quartz grains, comprising fragments of carbonized plants; locality with fragments of chitinous insect skeletons.
• b) Greyish-blue, clayey, very hard marls with fossil remains of mammals, turtles, fishes, molluscs, and ostracods.
• c) Yellowish-brown sandy marls with gravel, gastropod remains, etc.
•The thickness of these deposits (a-c) is about 2 m and the are slightly inclined towards the west-northwest (pg. 666)".
Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils
Primary reference: M. Malez and A. Forsten. 1989. Hipparion from the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon. Géobios 22(5):665-670 [J. Head/J. Head/J. Alroy]more details
Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis
PaleoDB collection 34399: authorized by Jason Head, entered by Jason Head on 29.08.2003
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
Gastropoda | |
"Planorbis cornu" = Planorbarius cornu Brongniart 1810 snail
Planorbis major snail
Planorbis umbilicatus snail | |
Neritina sp. Lamarck 1816 snail | |
Melanopsis sp. Férussac 1807 snail | |
Hydrobia fraasi snail | |
Mammalia | |
"Deinotherium sp." = Dinotherium
| |
Hipparion sp. 1 de Christol 1832 hipparionine horse
Hipparion sp. 2 de Christol 1832 hipparionine horse | |
Gazella sp., Palaeoreas lindermayeri, Tragocerus amaltheus, Tragocerus sp., Hemistrepsiceros zitteli, Palaeoryx cf. malori, Protoryx sp., "Pseudotragus cf. capricornis" = Protoryx capricornis
Gazella sp. Blaineville 1816 gazelle
Palaeoreas lindermayeri Wagner 1848 antelope
Tragocerus amaltheus antelope
Tragocerus sp. Gaudry 1861 antelope
Hemistrepsiceros zitteli antelope
Palaeoryx cf. malori antelope
Protoryx sp. Forsyth Major 1891 antelope
"Pseudotragus cf. capricornis" = Protoryx capricornis Schlosser 1904 antelope | |
Sus erymanthius pig | |
Reptilia | |
Testudo sp. Linnaeus 1758 turtle |