PBDB Collection

Rudabánya (Miocene of Hungary)

Also known as Rudabánya 1 ("Mastodon Wall"), Rudabánya 2 ("Gibraltar"), Rudabánya 3 ("The Great Wall"), Rudabánya 4, Rudabánya 5, Rudabánya 6, Rudabánya 7

Where: Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Hungary (48.4° N, 20.6° E: paleocoordinates 48.0° N, 20.4° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Edelény Formation, MN 9 (11.1 - 9.7 Ma)

• "A synthesis of the biochronologic bases for Rudabánya II’s age strongly supports a late MN 9, Pannonian F correlation, ca. 10-9.7 Ma" (Bernor et al., 2004). All other sublocalities are regarded to be contemporaneous (Bernor et al., 2004).

•According to Nemeth et al. (2013) the Pannonian sediments of the Rudabánya mining area are referred to as Edelény Formation.

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: lacustrine; unlithified, gray, red marl and unlithified, black, gray claystone

• Deposition took place in different "lacustrine and peri-lacustrine" (swamp forests etc.) environments (Bernor et al., 2004) on a low-angle slope at the periphery of the Pannonian Lake. A detailed reconstruction of the paleoenvironments of Rudabánya is given in Andrews & Cameron (2010, Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol. 297(2):311-329).

• "Rudabánya’s sediments include cyclic layers of gray marl, clay and lignite, totalling 8-12 meters in thickness. These sediments, include rich fossiliferous levels that contain plant impressions, seeds, molluscs, vertebrate remains and, of especial note, catarrhine primates" (Bernor et al., 2004).

•For a more elaborate description of the sediments of the Rudabanya 2 sublocality see Andrews & Cameron (2010).

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Preservation: original aragonite, original phosphate

Collected by G. Pethö, G. Hernyák, M. Kretzoi, L. Kordos, D.R. Begun, R. L. Bernor, M. Armour-Chelu, P. Andrews, in the 1900s, 1920s, 1960s–2000s

Collection methods: surface (in situ), sieve,

• The first known vertebrate was found in 1902 by G. Pethö. A few important discoveries were made by G. Hernyák, the chief geologist of the Vilmos mine, in the 1960s and later on. First systematic collecting took place in the 1970s under the aegis of M. Kretzoi. After 1990 several paleontologists from the western hemisphere joined the excavations. For a more detailed review of the research history at Rudabánya see Bernor et al. (2004).

•All or at least the bulk of the Rudabánya material is housed in the Geological and Geophysical Institute of Hungary (hung.: Magyar Földtani és Geofizikai Intézet, formerly Magyar Állami Földtani Intézet, abbreviated MAFI) in Budapest.

Primary reference: R. L. Bernor, L. Kordos L. Rook et al. 2004. Recent Advances on Multidisciplinary Research at Rudabánya, Late Miocene (MN9), Hungary: a compendium. Palaeontographia Italica 89:3-36 [J. Mueller/T. Liebrecht/T. Liebrecht]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 75481: authorized by Lars van den Hoek Ostende, entered by Lars van den Hoek Ostende on 11.10.2007, edited by Torsten Liebrecht and Mark Uhen

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• The emphasis of the paper by Bernor et al. (2004) is on the Rudabánya 2 (also spelled "Rudabánya II") sublocality but most co-authors list taxa from all sublocalities without giving particularities on specimens and/or sites.

•List contains taxa that may have been cited by earlier authors under a different name and/or combination and some names cited in earlier works may have fallen into synonymy with those cited in the list (may already be noted in the list).

•Determinations in Bernor et al. (2004): E. Krolopp (molluscs); Z. Roček (amphibians); Z. Szyndlar (snakes); D. Janossy (birds); G. Topal (bats); L. Kordos and D. R. Begun (primates); G. Daxner-Höck, O. Fejfar, and L. Kordos (rodents); L. Werdelin (carnivorans); M. Gasparik (proboscideans); R. L. Bernor, M. Armour-Chely, T. Kaiser, R. Scott, L. de Bonis, J. Franzen, and K. Heissig (perissodactyls); M. Fortelius, R. L. Bernor, N. Fessaha, M. Armour-Chelu, and A. Gentry (artiodactyls).

•The list only contains vertebrate taxa mentioned in the text of Bernor et al. (2004) and ignores the faunal list given in table 3 (pp. 22-24) since it is partially contradictory to the informations given in the text (e.g. the table lists "?Leptotyphlopidae gen. et sp. indet." whereas Szyndlar in his section on snakes explicitly states that the only vertebra clearly referrable to Scolecophidia may belong to Typhlops and that the presence of leptotyphlopids in Rudabánya is very unlikely). In the taxon list in table 3 there appear 5 chelonian taxa which are not mentioned elsewhere in the paper: Trionyx sp., Geomyda sp., Testudo cf. kalksburgensis, Testudo sp. I, and Testudo sp. II.

Show authors, comments, and common names

unclassified
-	Tryptichia sp. Tryptichia sp.
Reptilia
Squamata - Crotalidae	Vipera "sp. ("aspis" complex)", Vipera "sp. ("Oriental viper" group)" Vipera "sp. ("aspis" complex)" Laurenti 1768 pit viper 3 fragmentary trunk vertebrae Vipera "sp. ("Oriental viper" group)" Laurenti 1768 pit viper 1 fragmentary trunk vertebra
Squamata - Elapidae	? Naja sp., Naja romani ? Naja sp. Laurenti 1768 cobra 4 vertebral fragments Naja romani Hoffstetter 1939 cobra "a single, but perfectly preserved relatively large vertebra"
Squamata - Colubridae	Colubrinae "indet. A", Colubrinae "indet. B", Colubrinae indet. Colubrinae "indet. A" Oppel 1811 colubrid snake 200 vertebrae, "relatively large", probably Coluber Colubrinae "indet. B" Oppel 1811 colubrid snake 6 vertebrae, "minute", possibly posteriormost trunk vertebrae of Colubrine A Colubrinae indet. Oppel 1811 colubrid snake too damaged for a more precise determination, but "most likely referrable to Colubrine A"
Squamata - Natricidae	Natrix sp. Natrix sp. Laurenti 1768 water snake 49 vertebrae of natricines, only some of which allow determination on generic level
Squamata - Typhlopidae	? Typhlops sp. ? Typhlops sp. Oppel 1811 blind snake a single, very small scolecophidian vertebra; in fact not determinable, even on a familiar level, but presence of scolecophidians other than Typhlops is regarded "not highly likely"
Galliformes - Phasianidae	Miophasianus cf. medius, "Palaeortyx aff. grivensis" = Palaeortyx gallica, Palaeortyx aff. phasianoides Miophasianus cf. medius Milne-Edwards 1871 pheasant "Palaeortyx aff. grivensis" = Palaeortyx gallica Milne-Edwards 1869 pheasant Palaeortyx aff. phasianoides Milne-Edwards 1871 pheasant "approximately the size of Palaeortyx phasianoides and/or P. intermedius"
Aves
Passeriformes - Corvidae	Corvus sp. Corvus sp. Linnaeus 1758 crow represented by "a suite of terminal phalanges"
Passeriformes - Acrocephalidae	Acrocephalus sp. Acrocephalus sp. Naumann and Naumann 1811 reed warbler similar in size and morphology to Acrocephalus arundinaceus
Passeriformes - Sylviidae	Locustella sp. Locustella sp. Kaup 1829 perching bird a single acrocoracoideum; appears to be smaller than Locustella luscinioides
Gruiformes - Rallidae	? Miorallus sp. ? Miorallus sp. Lambrecht 1933 rail
Strigiformes - Strigidae	Strix aff. brevis, Athene sp. Strix aff. brevis Ballman 1969 true owl Athene sp. Scopoli 1769 true owl
Anseriformes - Anatidae	Anas sp., "Anas aff. velox" = Nettion velox Anas sp. Linnaeus 1758 dabbling duck "size of actua-querquedula" "Anas aff. velox" = Nettion velox Milne-Edwards 1867 duck
Mammalia
Proboscidea - Deinotheriidae	Deinotherium giganteum Deinotherium giganteum Kaup 1829 deinothere "represented by a dp4 and another milk molar fragment"
Proboscidea - Elephantidae	Stegotetrabelodon gigantorostris Stegotetrabelodon gigantorostris elephant "four upper tusks, lower and upper molars, as well as deciduous dentition"
Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae	Tetralophodon longirostris, Tetralophodon cf. longirostris Tetralophodon longirostris Kaup 1832 gomphothere "abundant"; "includes lower and upper tusks, lower and upper molars, as well as deciduous dentition" Tetralophodon cf. longirostris Kaup 1832 gomphothere "two lower tusk fragments and some upper and lower molars"
Soricomorpha - Soricidae	Dinosorex engesseri², Soricinae indet.², Paenelimnoecus aff. repenningi², Crusafontina aff. endemica² Dinosorex engesseri² Rabeder 1998 shrew Ziegler & Meszaros (in Bernor et al., 2004) list "Dinosorex nov. sp." instead Soricinae indet.² Fischer von Waldheim 1817 red-toothed shrew Paenelimnoecus aff. repenningi² Bachmayer and Wilson 1970 red-toothed shrew Crusafontina aff. endemica² Gibert 1975 red-toothed shrew
Soricomorpha - Plesiosoricidae	Plesiosorex schaffneri² Plesiosorex schaffneri² Engesser 1972 placental Ziegler & Meszaros (in Bernor et al., 2004) list "Plesiosorex aff. styriacus" instead
Soricomorpha - Talpidae	Archaeodesmana primigenia², Talpa sp.² Archaeodesmana primigenia² Ziegler 2005 Russian desman Ziegler & Meszaros (in Bernor et al., 2004) list "'Archaeodesmana' nov. sp." instead Talpa sp.² Linnaeus 1758 mole
Tribosphenida - Erinaceoidae	Dimylidae indet.², Plesiodimylus chantrei², Metacordylodon aff. schaffneri² Dimylidae indet.² Schlosser 1887 placental Plesiodimylus chantrei² Gaillard 1899 placental Metacordylodon aff. schaffneri² placental Ziegler & Meszaros (in Bernor et al., 2004) list "Metacordylodon aff. schlosseri" instead
Tribosphenida - Erinaceidae	Lanthanotherium sanmigueli², Galericinae indet.², Postpalerinaceus cingulatus n. sp.² Lanthanotherium sanmigueli² Villalta and Crusafont 1944 hedgehog Galericinae indet.² Pomel 1848 hedgehog Ziegler & Meszaros (in Bernor et al., 2004) list "Galerix sp." instead but note that "referral of this species to Schizogalerix cannot be excluded" Postpalerinaceus cingulatus n. sp.² Ziegler 2005 hedgehog Ziegler & Meszaros (in Bernor et al., 2004) list "Postpalerinaceus nov. sp." instead
Carnivora -	Proputorius sp. Proputorius sp. Filhol 1890 carnivoran
Carnivora - Ursidae	Miomaci pannonicum n. gen. n. sp.¹, Ursavus brevirhinus, Ursavus primaevus Miomaci pannonicum n. gen. n. sp.¹ de Bones et al. 2017 pinniped Ursavus brevirhinus Hofmann 1887 bear Ursavus primaevus Gaillard 1899 bear
Carnivora - Ailuridae	Simocyon diaphorus, Alopecocyon sp. Simocyon diaphorus Kaup 1832 red panda Alopecocyon sp. Camp and Vanderhoof 1940 red panda
Carnivora - Mustelidae	cf. Trochictis sp., Martes cf. filholi, Melinae indet., Taxodon cf. sansaniensis, Paralutra sp., Paralutra jaegeri cf. Trochictis sp. von Meyer 1842 mustelid carnivore Martes cf. filholi marten Melinae indet. Burmeister 1872 badger Taxodon cf. sansaniensis Lartet 1851 badger Paralutra sp. Roman and Viret 1934 otter "previously unknown" Paralutra jaegeri Fraas 1862 otter "most abundant mustelid"
Carnivora - Amphicyonidae	Amphicyonidae sp. Amphicyonidae sp. Haeckel 1886 bear-dog "new taxon"
Carnivora - Percrocutidae	Pseudailurus lorteti, Pseudailurus turnauensis Pseudailurus lorteti carnivoran Pseudailurus turnauensis carnivoran
Carnivora - Nimravidae	Sansanosmilus jourdani Sansanosmilus jourdani Filhol 1883 false sabre-tooth
Carnivora - Hyaenidae	cf. Thalassictis montadai cf. Thalassictis montadai Villalta and Crusafont Pairo 1943 hyaena "only some fragmentary specimens"
Carnivora - Viverridae	Semigenetta grandis Semigenetta grandis civet
Perissodactyla - Equidae	Hippotherium intrans, Hippotherium sp. Hippotherium intrans hipparionine horse described as Hipparion intrans by Kretzoi (1983); includes material previously referred to Hippotherium aff. primigenium (Bernor et al., 1993, Mitt. BSPG 33(3):195-207) Hippotherium sp. Kaup 1832 hipparionine horse "smaller hipparion morph", coming from the Upper Lignite of Rudabánya 2 sublocality
Perissodactyla - Chalicotheriidae	Chalicotherium aff. goldfussi Chalicotherium aff. goldfussi Kaup 1833 chalicothere occurs at "Rudabánya localities 2 and 3, andincludes goog diagnostic maxillary and mandibular cheek tooth material. The most complete specimen is an associated partial upper and lower dentition."
Perissodactyla - Tapiridae	Tapirus cf. priscus Tapirus cf. priscus Kaup 1833 tapir "a single fragmentary lower molar tooth and a fragmentary phalanx from Rudabanya 2"; originally identified as the suid genus Listriodon
Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae	Hoploaceratherium belvederense, Aceratherium incisivum, Lartetotherium aff. sansaniense Hoploaceratherium belvederense rhinoceros Aceratherium incisivum Cuvier 1824 rhinoceros Lartetotherium aff. sansaniense Lartet 1837 rhinoceros
Artiodactyla - Suidae	Parachleuastochoerus sp., Propotamochoerus palaeochoerus Parachleuastochoerus sp. Golpe-Posse 1972 pig "previously unrecognized species"; "possibly represented by two morphs"; includes material named "Conohyus ferreus" by Kretzoi, but that name was never validly published Propotamochoerus palaeochoerus pig "most abundant artiodactyl at the site"; "over 400 specimens"; previously reported as Kornyochoerus palaeochoerus
Artiodactyla - Tragulidae	Dorcatherium naui Dorcatherium naui Kaup 1833 chevrotain 1 right upper molar "in early wear" (1973/15), and perhaps a left astragalus (1988/15)
Artiodactyla - Cervidae	Lucentia aff. pierensis Lucentia aff. pierensis Thomas 1951 deer "most common ruminant at Rudabánya"; "over 100 identified specimens" (antlers, teeth)
Artiodactyla - Bovidae	Bovidae sp., Miotragocerus sp. Bovidae sp. Gray 1821 antelope 14 specimens of slightly hypsodont teeth Miotragocerus sp. Stromer 1928 antelope "more than 70 specimens"; assignment is based "on the evidence of a distal end of a right horn core, 1992/66, about 90 mm long"; "most probably" conspecific with Miotragocerus pannoniae"
Artiodactyla - Moschidae	Micromeryx flourensianus Micromeryx flourensianus Lartet 1851 musk deer "more than 60 specimens"
Primates - Pliopithecidae	Anapithecus hernyaki Anapithecus hernyaki Kretzoi 1975 monkey original combination: Pliopithecus hernyaki; includes material formerly recognized as Rangwapithecus (Ataxopithecus) serus Kretzoi (see Kordos & Begun, 2001)
Primates - Hominidae	"Dryopithecus brancoi" = Hispanopithecus (Hispanopithecus) hungaricus "Dryopithecus brancoi" = Hispanopithecus (Hispanopithecus) hungaricus Kretzoi 1969 ape comprises material formerly recognized as Rudapithecus hungaricus Kretzoi and Bodvapithecus altipalatus Kretzoi (see Kordos & Begun, 2001, J. Hum. Evol. 40(1):17-39)
Lagomorpha -	Eurolagus sp. Eurolagus sp. Lopez Martinez 1977 placental
Rodentia - Gliridae	Paraglirulus werenfelsi, Glirulus lissiensis, Glis aff. minor, Muscardinus aff. vallesiensis, Muscardinus hispanicus, Myoglis ucrainicus Paraglirulus werenfelsi Engesser 1972 dormouse Glirulus lissiensis Hugueney and Mein 1965 Japanese dormouse Glis aff. minor Kowalski 1963 dormouse Muscardinus aff. vallesiensis Hartenberger 1966 dormouse Muscardinus hispanicus de Bruijn 1966 dormouse Myoglis ucrainicus dormouse
Rodentia - Sciuridae	Albanensia grimmi, Hylopetes sp., Spermophilinus bredai, Miopetaurista sp., Blackia miocaenica Albanensia grimmi Black 1966 squirrel Hylopetes sp. Thomas 1908 squirrel Spermophilinus bredai von Meyer 1848 squirrel Miopetaurista sp. Kretzoi 1962 squirrel Blackia miocaenica Mein 1970 squirrel
Rodentia - Castoridae	Trogontherium minutum Trogontherium minutum beaver
Rodentia - Eomyidae	Eomyops catalaunicus Eomyops catalaunicus rodent
Rodentia - Cricetidae	"Democricetodon sp." = Copemys, "Kowalskia cf. schaubi" = Neocricetodon, Eumyarion aff. latior, Microtocricetus molassicus "Democricetodon sp." = Copemys Wood 1936 rodent "Kowalskia cf. schaubi" = Neocricetodon rodent Eumyarion aff. latior Schaub and Zapfe 1953 rodent Microtocricetus molassicus Fahlbusch and Mayr 1975 rodent
Rodentia - Anomalomyidae	Anomalomys rudabayensis Anomalomys rudabayensis rodent described by Kordos (1989); includes material identfied/recognized as Anomalomys cf. gaillardi, Prospalax (or Allospalax) petteri and Anomalomys gaudryi in earlier publications
Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae	cf. Miostrellus risgoviensis, Eptesicus "sp. nov.", Eptesicus campanensis cf. Miostrellus risgoviensis Rachl 1983 vesper bat Eptesicus "sp. nov." Rafinesque 1820 house bat Eptesicus campanensis Baudelot 1970 house bat
Amphibia
Caudata - Urodela	Salamandridae "sp. type I", Salamandridae "sp. type II", Chelotriton "sp. type I", Chelotriton "sp. type II", Mioproteus caucasicus Salamandridae "sp. type I" Gray 1825 newt "fragmentary maxillae and premaxillae recalling extant Salamandra" Salamandridae "sp. type II" Gray 1825 newt "tiny vertebrae [...] belonging to the Brachycormus-Triturus complex" Chelotriton "sp. type I" Pomel 1853 newt Chelotriton "sp. type II" Pomel 1853 newt Mioproteus caucasicus Estes and Darevsky 1978 mudpuppy "most abundant tailed amphibian at Rudabánya"
Salientia - Palaeobatrachidae	Palaeobatrachus sp. Palaeobatrachus sp. Tschudi 1839 frog "dominant"; probably more than one species present, indicated by material varying "extremely" in size and somewhat in morphology
Salientia - Discoglossidae	Latonia gigantea Latonia gigantea Lartet 1851 painted frog "most common Rudabánya anuran"
Salientia - Bombinatoridae	Bombina sp. Bombina sp. Oken 1816 fire-bellied toad
Salientia - Hylidae	Hyla sp. Hyla sp. Laurenti 1768 tree frog
Salientia - Ranidae	Rana sp. Rana sp. Linnaeus 1758 frog "at least two forms", inferred from presence of different-sized ilia
Salientia - Pelodytidae	Pelodytes sp. Pelodytes sp. Fitzinger 1838 parsley frog
Salientia - Pelobatidae	Pelobatidae indet. Pelobatidae indet. Lataste 1879 spadefoot toad whether Eopelobates or Pelobates
Gastropoda
Pulmonata - Discidae	Discus cf. pleuradrus Discus cf. pleuradrus Bourguignat 1881 disk snail
Stylommatophora - Helicidae	Helicigona sp. Helicigona sp. Risso 1826 slug
Stylommatophora - Hygromiidae	"Trichia sp." = Trochulus "Trichia sp." = Trochulus Chemnitz 1786 slug
Stylommatophora - Pristilomatidae	Vitrea sp. Vitrea sp. Fitzinger 1833 slug
Stylommatophora - Zonitidae	Zonitidae indet. Zonitidae indet. Mörch 1864 true glass snail
Stylommatophora - Limacidae	Limacidae "indet. I", Limacidae "indet. II" Limacidae "indet. I" Lamarck 1801 slug Limacidae "indet. II" Lamarck 1801 slug
Stylommatophora - Succineidae	Succinea sp. Succinea sp. Draparnaud 1801 amber snail
Stylommatophora - Strobilopsidae	Strobilops sp. Strobilops sp. Pilsbry 1893 slug
Stylommatophora - Vertiginidae	Vertigo angustior, Vertigo sp., Vertigo cf. moedlingensis, Vertigo callosa Vertigo angustior slug subsp. V. a. oecsensis (Halaváts) Vertigo sp. Muller 1774 slug Vertigo cf. moedlingensis Wenz and Edlauer 1942 slug Vertigo callosa Reuss 1849 slug
Stylommatophora - Azecidae	Azeca cf. tridentiformis Azeca cf. tridentiformis slug
Stylommatophora - Valloniidae	Vallonia sp. Vallonia sp. Risso 1826 slug
Stylommatophora - Argnidae	Argna oppoliensis Argna oppoliensis Andreae 1902 slug
Stylommatophora - Chondrinidae	Granaria cf. suebleri Granaria cf. suebleri slug
Stylommatophora - Gastrocoptidae	Gastrocopta fissidens, Gastrocopta aff. farcimen, Gastrocopta edlaueri, Gastrocopta cf. nouletiana, Gastrocopta acuminata Gastrocopta fissidens slug subsp. C. f. infrapontica Wenz Gastrocopta aff. farcimen slug Gastrocopta edlaueri Wenz 1920 slug Gastrocopta cf. nouletiana Dupuy 1850 slug Gastrocopta acuminata Klein 1846 slug
Stylommatophora - Acanthinulidae	Acanthinula cf. anthonini Acanthinula cf. anthonini slug
Stylommatophora - Helicodiscidae	Helicodiscus sp. Helicodiscus sp. Morse 1864 slug
Stylommatophora - Clausiliidae	Serrulella sp., Nordsieckia fischeri Serrulella sp. Nordsieck 1978 slug Nordsieckia fischeri Michaud 1862 slug subsp. N. f. pontica Lueger
Heterostropha - Planorbidae	Planorbarius aff. corneus, Segmentina cf. filocincta, Anisus cf. septemgyratiformis, Anisus confusus Planorbarius aff. corneus snail Segmentina cf. filocincta Sandberger 1875 snail Anisus cf. septemgyratiformis snail Anisus confusus Soos 1934 snail
Cycloneritida - Helicinidae	Tropidomphalus cf. doderleini Tropidomphalus cf. doderleini Brusina 1897 snail

¹de Bones et al. 2017; ²Ziegler 2005