Shapaja (TAR-21) (Oligocene to of Peru)

Also known as TAR 21

Where: Peru (6.6° S, 76.3° W: paleocoordinates 8.4° S, 70.4° W)

• coordinate stated in text

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Deseadan mammal zone, Pozo Shale Member (Pozo Formation), Rupelian to Rupelian (33.9 - 23.0 Ma)

• Mustersan-Tinguirirican SALMAs

•Campbell et al. (2021). Our BTD results are also inconsistent with the latest Eocene and earliest Oligocene ages that Antoine et al. (2021) have proposed for the Shapaja localities. Though our analyses do not correctly predict the sequence of the Shapaja localities, the mean estimates for individual species nevertheless range from 31.6 to 20.7 Ma, with composite means for the section ranging from 29.1 to 28.3 Ma. The composite mean estimates for the Shapaja section are all very close to those for Santa Rosa, differing by only 0.42 to 1.0 My across analyses with both broad (effectively “unknown”) and more restricted age priors. These results are consistent with the close correlation of the Shapaja and Santa Rosa sections originally proposed by Boivin et al. (2018). Antoine et al. (2021) note that their placement of the Shapaja localities near the Eocene–Oligocene boundary implies that these faunas include 14 new first appearances in South America (either at the genus, family, or superfamily level), with most of the taxa in question otherwise first known from Deseadan (Upper Oligocene) localities. With the geochronological evidence now available from Santa Rosa, and the biochronological evidence for a close correlation of the Shapaja and Santa Rosa sections, we propose that a more parsimonious explanation for the occurrence of otherwise Deseadan taxa in the Shapaja localities is that those localities are, in fact, Deseadan in age. Given such an age estimate, we suggest that the two positive δ13C excursions identified in the Shapaja chemostratigraphies would be better correlated with those that occur at ∼26.5 and ∼25.5 Ma in the generalized global record (ref. 28, their figure 28.11).

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: "floodplain"; fine-grained sandstone

• tidally-influenced fine sandstones

•Gypsum- and nodule-rich blue/yellow conglomerate intercalated between coarse-grained sandstone channels and floodplain deposits

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Primary reference: M. Boivin, L. Marivaux, F. Pujos, R. Salas-Gismondi, J. V. Tejada-Lara, R. M. Varas-Malca, and P.-O. Antoine. 2018. Early Oligocene caviomorph rodents from Shapaja, Peruvian Amazonia. Palaeontographica Abteilung A 311(1-6):87-156 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 199562: authorized by Philip Mannion, entered by Philip Mannion on 31.01.2019, edited by Grace Varnham

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

unclassified
  -
Angiospermae
 Malpighiales - Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae indet. Jussieu 1789 spurge
Magnoliopsida
  -
Magnoliopsida indet. Cronquist et al. 1996
Charophyceae
  -
Charophyceae indet. Smith 1938
oogonia
Gastropoda
  -
 Heterostropha - Planorbidae
Helisoma sp. Swainson 1940 snail
low spired, tall, Planorbarius-shaped
Malacostraca
 Decapoda - Trichodactylidae
Trichodactylidae indet. Milne-Edwards 1853 crab
claws and shell fragments
unclassified
  -
Vertebrata indet. Lamarck 1801
Chondrichthyes
 Myliobatiformes - Myliobatidae
? Myliobatis sp. Cuvier 1816 eagle ray
? Rhinoptera sp. Cuvier 1829 cownose ray
 Myliobatiformes - Dasyatidae
Paratrygon sp. Dumeríl 1865 whiptail stingray
teeth
Osteichthyes
 Ceratodontiformes - Lepidosirenidae
Lepidosirenidae indet. Stirton 1953 Australian lungfish
Amphibia
 Salientia -
Anura indet. Fischer von Waldheim 1813 frog
Mammalia
 Rodentia -
Caviomorpha "gen. et . sp. indet. 1" Wood and Patterson 1955 caviomorph
MUSM 2913-2924
Caviomorpha "indet. new genus new species" Wood and Patterson 1955 caviomorph
Caviomorpha "indet. 1" Wood and Patterson 1955 caviomorph
Caviomorpha "indet. 5" Wood and Patterson 1955 caviomorph
 Rodentia - Agoutidae
Eoincamys parvus n. sp. Boivin et al. 2018 caviomorph
MUSM 2951 - type
Eoincamys valverdei n. sp. Boivin et al. 2018 caviomorph
MUSM 2947 - type
 Rodentia -
Kichkasteiromys raimondii n. gen. n. sp. Boivin et al. 2018 caviomorph
MUSM 2925 - holotype
aff. Tarapotomys sp. Boivin et al. 2018 caviomorph
MUSM 2940
cf. Tarapotomys sp. Boivin et al. 2018 caviomorph
MUSM 2926-2928
Tarapotomys subandinus n. gen. n. sp. Boivin et al. 2018 caviomorph
MUSM 2939 - holotype
 Primates -
Anthropoidea "indet. 1" Mivart 1864 monkey
Anthropoidea "indet. 2" Mivart 1864 monkey
 Placentalia -
Chiroptera indet. Blumenbach 1779 bat
 Panameriungulata - Adianthidae
 Cingulata - Peltephilidae
Peltephilidae indet. Ameghino 1894 edentate
 Cingulata - Dasypodidae
Parastegosimpsonia peruana Ciancio et al. 2012 armadillo
 Theriamorpha -
Pyrotheria indet. Ameghino 1895 placental
 Notoungulata - Toxodontidae
Toxodontidae indet. Ameghino 1889 notoungulate
 Notoungulata -
Typotheria indet. Zittel 1892 notoungulate
 Astrapotheria - Astrapotheriidae
Astrapotheriidae indet. Ameghino 1887 placental
 Polydolopimorphia - Prepidolopidae
? Prepidolopidae indet. Pascual 1980 metatherian
 Polydolopimorphia - Argyrolagidae
Proargyrolagus "n. sp. A" Wolff 1984 metatherian
 Polydolopimorphia -
Argyrolagoidea indet. Ameghino 1904 metatherian
Bonapartherioidea indet. Goin and Candela 2004 metatherian
 Theriamorpha - Herpetotheriidae
cf. Perulestes sp. Goin and Candela 2004 marsupial
Reptilia
 Squamata - Teiidae
? Teiidae "indet. morph 1" Gray 1827 squamates
 Loricata -
Eusuchia indet. crocodilian
Gavialoidea/ longirostrine Crocodyloidea (teeth),
 Crocodylia - Alligatoridae
Caimaninae "indet. 1" Brochu 1999 crocodilian
conical tooth
Caimaninae "indet. 2" Brochu 1999 crocodilian
shell-crushing tooth
? Caimaninae (cf. Purussaurus) sp. Brochu 1999 crocodilian
Actinopteri
 Teleostei -
 Characiformes - Anostomidae
Leporinus sp. Lundberg 1997
cf. Leporinus sp. Lundberg 1997
 Characiformes - Cynodontidae
cf. Hydrolycus sp. Lundberg 1997
 Teleostei -
 Siluriformes - Loricariidae
Loricariidae indet. Gill 1872 catfish