PBDB Collection

Big Springs Gravel Pit ( of the United States)

Also known as UNSM Ap-103

Where: Antelope County, Nebraska (42.4° N, 98.2° W)

• Paleocoordinates: 43.1° N, 97.0° W (Wright 2013)

• coordinate stated in text

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Long Pine Formation, Blancan (4.9 - 1.8 Ma)

• fossiliferous unit is 3 m thick

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: "floodplain"; sandy siltstone

• "overbank accumulation"

• "sandy silt"

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Reposited in the UNSM

Collection methods: bulk, surface (in situ), sieve,

Primary reference: M. R. Voorhies. 1987. Fossil armadillos in Nebraska: the northernmost record. Southwestern Naturalist 32(2):237-243 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: paleoecologic analysis

PaleoDB collection 19954: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 18.02.1993, edited by Jonathan Marcot

Creative Commons license: CC0 (CC0)

Taxonomic list

• FT glass date of "approximately" 2.5 Ma from fossiliferous unit

•Voorhies' list is almost strictly genus level, hence some corrections are based on earlier references

Show authors, comments, and common names

Reptilia
Testudines - Emydidae	Emydoidea blandingii⁴, Chrysemys picta⁴, Graptemys sp.⁴ Emydoidea blandingii⁴ Holbrook 1838 Blanding's turtle Chrysemys picta⁴ Schneider 1783 painted turtle Graptemys sp.⁴ Agassiz 1857 map turtle
Testudines - Testudinidae	"Geochelone oelrichi" = Hesperotestudo turgida⁴ "Geochelone oelrichi" = Hesperotestudo turgida⁴ Cope 1892 turtle
Testudines - Trionychidae	Trionychidae indet.² Trionychidae indet.² Gray 1825 softshell turtle
Squamata - Crotalidae	Agkistrodon cf. contortix⁴, Sistrurus catenatus⁴, Crotalus horridus⁴ Agkistrodon cf. contortix⁴ cottonmouth Sistrurus catenatus⁴ Rafinesque 1818 pigmy rattlesnake Crotalus horridus⁴ Linnaeus 1758 timber rattlesnake
Squamata - Colubridae	Coluber constrictor⁴, Lampropeltis getulus⁴, Lampropeltis triangulum⁴, Lampropeltis calligaster⁴, Elaphe vulpina⁴, Elaphe guttata⁴, Masticophis flagellum⁴, Rhinocheilus lecontei⁴, Heterodon nasicus⁴, Heterodon platyrhinos⁴, Regina grahami⁴, Nerodia sp.⁴, Thamnophis proximus⁴, Thamnophis radix⁴, Thamnophis sirtalis⁴ Coluber constrictor⁴ Linnaeus 1758 black racer Lampropeltis getulus⁴ Linnaeus 1766 kingsnake Lampropeltis triangulum⁴ Lacépède 1788 milk snake Lampropeltis calligaster⁴ Harlan 1827 prairie kingsnake Elaphe vulpina⁴ Baird and Girard 1853 fox snake Elaphe guttata⁴ Linnaeus 1766 corn snake Masticophis flagellum⁴ whip snake Rhinocheilus lecontei⁴ colubrid snake Heterodon nasicus⁴ Baird and Girard 1852 western hognose snake Heterodon platyrhinos⁴ Latreille 1801 eastern hognosed snake Regina grahami⁴ crayfish snake Nerodia sp.⁴ Baird and Girard 1853 water snake sipedon or hibbardi Thamnophis proximus⁴ garter snake Thamnophis radix⁴ garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis⁴ Linnaeus garter snake
Squamata - Iguanidae	Phrynosoma cornutum⁴ Phrynosoma cornutum⁴ horned lizard
Squamata - Scincidae	Eumeces cf. striatulatus⁴ Eumeces cf. striatulatus⁴ skink
Mammalia
Cingulata - Dasypodidae	Dasypus bellus Dasypus bellus Simpson 1929 beautiful armadillo
Megatherioidea - Megalonychidae	Megalonyx sp. Megalonyx sp. Harlan 1825 edentate
Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae	Stegomastodon sp. Stegomastodon sp. Pohlig 1912 gomphothere
Proboscidea - Mammutidae	Mammut sp. Mammut sp. Blumenbach 1799 mastodon
Perissodactyla - Equidae	Equus sp. Equus sp. Linnaeus 1758 horse
Perissodactyla - Tapiridae	Tapirus sp. Tapirus sp. Brisson 1762 tapir
Artiodactyla - Camelidae	Hemiauchenia sp., Camelops sp., Gigantocamelus spatulus¹, Titanotylopus sp. Hemiauchenia sp. Gervais and Ameghino 1880 camel Camelops sp. Leidy 1854 camel Gigantocamelus spatulus¹ Cope 1893 camel Titanotylopus sp. Barbour and Schultz 1934 camel presumably OK as Gigantocamelus is also listed
Artiodactyla - Antilocapridae	Capromeryx sp. Capromeryx sp. Matthew 1902 pronghorn
Carnivora - Felidae	Homotherium sp.¹ Homotherium sp.¹ Fabrini 1890 cat
Carnivora - Canidae	Canis edwardii⁵, Canis lepophagus⁵, Borophagus diversidens¹ Canis edwardii⁵ Gazin 1942 canine Canis lepophagus⁵ Johnston 1938 canine Borophagus diversidens¹ Cope 1892 bone-crushing dog
Carnivora - Mephitidae	Buisnictis sp. Buisnictis sp. Hibbard 1950 skunk
Carnivora - Mustelidae	Trigonictis sp., Mustela sp. Trigonictis sp. Hibbard 1941 mustelid carnivore Mustela sp. Linnaeus 1758 weasel
Carnivora - Procyonidae	Bassariscus sp. Bassariscus sp. Coues 1887 ringtail
Rodentia - Geomyidae	Geomys sp. Geomys sp. Rafinesque 1817 pocket gopher
Rodentia - Cricetidae	Hibbardomys voorhiesi n. sp.¹, Hibbardomys marthae n. sp.¹, Pliophenacomys osborni⁷, Arvicolinae indet.¹, Ondatra sp., Loupomys sp., Guildayomys hibbardi n. sp.¹ Hibbardomys voorhiesi n. sp.¹ Zakrzewski 1984 rodent Hibbardomys marthae n. sp.¹ Zakrzewski 1984 rodent Pliophenacomys osborni⁷ Martin 1972 rodent Arvicolinae indet.¹ Gray 1821 vole Ondatra sp. Link 1795 muskrat Loupomys sp. Koenigswald and Martin 1984 rodent Guildayomys hibbardi n. sp.¹ Zakrzewski 1984 rodent
Lagomorpha - Leporidae	Lepus cf. californicus⁶, Alilepus sp.⁶, Hypolagus furlongi¹, Hypolagus voorhiesi¹ Lepus cf. californicus⁶ Gray 1837 black-tailed jackrabbit Alilepus sp.⁶ Dice 1931 rabbit Hypolagus furlongi¹ Gazin 1934 rabbit Hypolagus voorhiesi¹ White 1988 rabbit
Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae	Lasiurus sp.³ Lasiurus sp.³ Gray 1831 hairy-tailed bat a bat
Amphibia
Salientia - Ranidae	Rana sp.⁴ Rana sp.⁴ Linnaeus 1758 frog "blairi or R. pipiens or R. utricularia"
Salientia - Bufonidae	Bufo cognatus⁴, Bufo repentinus⁴, Bufo rexroadensis⁴, Bufo cf. spongifrons⁴ Bufo cognatus⁴ toad Bufo repentinus⁴ toad Bufo rexroadensis⁴ toad Bufo cf. spongifrons⁴ toad
Caudata - Urodela	Ambystoma tigrinum⁴ Ambystoma tigrinum⁴ Green 1825 tiger salamander

¹Alroy 2002; ²Alroy 2006; ³Czaplewski et al. 1999; ⁴Rogers 1984; ⁵Tedford et al. 2009; ⁶White 1991; ⁷Zakrzewski 1984