PBDB Collection

Fowlkes Cave (Pleistocene) (Pleistocene of the United States)

Where: Culberson County, Texas (31.2° N, 104.2° W)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Late/Upper Pleistocene (0.1 - 0.0 Ma)

• material from the middle of three layers (Layer 2); 1 and 3 are barren of fossils

•Layer 2 is "approximately 20 cm thick"

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: sinkhole; yellow limestone

• "yellow... irregular limestone fragments and pebbles, bits of stalactite fragments, cave pearls, and crystals of water-clear calciite... between 5-15 mm in diameter"

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Preservation: bone collector

Collection methods: bulk, quarrying, sieve,

• sediments "in excess of 1,000 pounds" were screenwashed

Primary reference: W. W. Dalquest and F. B. Stangl, Jr. 1984. Late Pleistocene and early Recent mammals from Fowlkes Cave, southern Culberson County, Texas. Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication 8:432-455 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: paleoecologic analysis

PaleoDB collection 74473: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 06.08.2007

Creative Commons license: CC0 (CC0)

Taxonomic list

• it is not entirely clear that the snails are from the Pleistocene layer instead of the Holocene silts

•abundances are given only for the Pleistocene occurrences

Show authors, comments, and common names

unclassified
-	Glyphalini identata, Hawiia minuscula Glyphalini identata subspecies paucilirata Hawiia minuscula
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora - Succineidae	Succinea sp. Succinea sp. Draparnaud 1801 amber snail
Stylommatophora - Helicodiscidae	Helicodiscus singleyanus Helicodiscus singleyanus slug
Stylommatophora - Pupillidae	Pupoides albilabris Pupoides albilabris slug
Stylommatophora - Gastrocoptidae	Gastrocopta pellicuda, Gastrocopta pentodon, Gastrocopta armifera Gastrocopta pellicuda slug subspecies hordeacella Gastrocopta pentodon slug Gastrocopta armifera slug
Mammalia
Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae	Myotis lucifugus, Myotis velifer, Eptesicus fuscus Myotis lucifugus Le Conte 1831 vesper bat Myotis velifer Allen 1890 cave myotis Eptesicus fuscus Beauvois 1796 big brown bat
Soricomorpha - Soricidae	Notiosorex crawfordi, Sorex palustris, Sorex vagrans Notiosorex crawfordi Coues 1877 Crawford's gray shrew Sorex palustris Richardson 1828 American water shrew Sorex vagrans Baird 1858 long-tailed shrew
Artiodactyla - Tayassuidae	Mylohyus sp. Mylohyus sp. Cope 1869 peccary
Artiodactyla - Antilocapridae	Capromeryx cf. furcifer Capromeryx cf. furcifer Matthew 1902 pronghorn
Carnivora - Felidae	"Felis rufa" = Lynx rufus "Felis rufa" = Lynx rufus Schreber 1777 bobcat "Felis rufus"
Rodentia - Erethizontidae	Erethizon dorsatum Erethizon dorsatum Linnaeus 1758 North American porcupine
Rodentia - Sciuridae	"Eutamias cinereicollis" = Neotamias cinereicollis, Spermophilus spilosoma, "Spermophilus variegatus" = Otospermophilus variegatus, Cynomys ludovicianus, Marmota flaviventris "Eutamias cinereicollis" = Neotamias cinereicollis Allen 1890 chipmunk originally entered as "Eutamias cinericollis" Spermophilus spilosoma Bennett 1833 spotted ground squirrel "Spermophilus variegatus" = Otospermophilus variegatus Erxleben 1777 rock squirrel "isolated teeth" Cynomys ludovicianus Ord 1815 black-tailed prairie dog Marmota flaviventris Audubon and Bachman 1841 yellow-bellied marmot
Rodentia - Cricetidae	Neotoma mexicana, Neotoma albigula, Neotoma micropus, Peromyscus eremicus, Peromyscus pectoralis, Peromyscus boylii, Peromyscus maniculatus, Peromyscus leucopus, Peromyscus difficilis, Sigmodon hispidus, Microtus mexicanus, Onychomys torridus, Onychomys leucogaster, Reithrodontomys montanus, Reithrodontomys fulvescens, Reithrodontomys megalotis Neotoma mexicana Baird 1855 Mexican woodrat Neotoma albigula Hartley 1894 white-throated woodrat Neotoma micropus Baird 1855 southern plains woodrat Peromyscus eremicus Baird 1858 deer mouse Peromyscus pectoralis Osgood 1904 white-ankled mouse Peromyscus boylii Baird 1855 brush mouse Peromyscus maniculatus Wagner 1843 deer mouse Peromyscus leucopus Rafinesque 1818 white-footed mouse Peromyscus difficilis Allen 1891 deer mouse Sigmodon hispidus Say and Ord 1825 hispid cotton rat Microtus mexicanus Saussure 1861 Mexican vole Onychomys torridus Coues 1874 grasshopper mouse Onychomys leucogaster Wied-Neuwied 1841 northern grasshopper mouse Reithrodontomys montanus Baird 1855 plains harvest mouse Reithrodontomys fulvescens Allen 1894 fulvous harvest mouse Reithrodontomys megalotis Baird 1858 western harvest mouse
Rodentia - Heteromyidae	Dipodomys spectabilis, Dipodomys merriami, Dipodomys ordii, "Perognathus hispidus" = Chaetodipus hispidus, Perognathus sp., Perognathus flavus Dipodomys spectabilis Merriam 1890 bannertail kangaroo rat Dipodomys merriami Mearns 1890 Merriam's kangaroo rat Dipodomys ordii Woodhouse 1853 Ord's kangaroo rat "Perognathus hispidus" = Chaetodipus hispidus Baird 1858 hispid pocket mouse plus "many maxillaries" Perognathus sp. Maximillian 1839 pocket mouse Perognathus flavus Baird 1855 pocket mouse plus "many maxillaries"
Rodentia - Geomyidae	Thomomys bottae, "Pappogeomys castanops" = Cratogeomys castanops Thomomys bottae Eydoux and Gervais 1836 Botta's pocket gopher "Pappogeomys castanops" = Cratogeomys castanops Baird 1852 yellow-faced pocket gopher
Lagomorpha - Leporidae	Lepus californicus, Sylvilagus audubonii, Sylvilagus floridanus Lepus californicus Gray 1837 black-tailed jackrabbit "several fragments" Sylvilagus audubonii Baird 1858 desert cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus Allen 1890 eastern cottontail