PBDB Collection

Pasalar (Miocene of Turkey)

Also known as Paşalar

Where: Bursa, Turkey (40.0° N, 28.3° E)

• Paleocoordinates: 36.9° N, 29.2° E (Wright 2013)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: MN 5 (16.0 - 13.7 Ma)

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: fluvial; concretionary, gray, green, calcareous siltstone and fine-grained, pebbly, gray, white, sandy sandstone

• "fluviatile, with rapid sedimentation in high energy conditions in the main fossiliferous bed followed by quieter conditions, but with occasional high energy episodes, later on" that probably represents "initial molasse-like fill of a tectonic basin near the lower slopes of a mountain range"

• "The fossiliferous sediments consist of 2.2 m of silts and sandstones, often quite coarse"; there are two fossiliferous levels, the upper a "0.8 m grey-green silt, unbedded, with many small calcareous concretions" and the lower a "1.0 m whitish to light grey sand, fine grained, unbedded, with frequent lenses of coarser sands and gravels... badly sorted, non calcified"; the list pertains only to the lower bed

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Collection methods: "discovered in 1969 during a lignite exploration... Some of these localities [including Pasalar] were subsequently investigated by a German research team"

Primary reference: P. Andrews and H. Tobien. 1977. New Miocene locality in Turkey with evidence of the origin of Ramapithecus and Sivapithecus. Nature 268:699-701 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 68547: authorized by Lars van den Hoek Ostende, entered by Lars van den Hoek Ostende on 25.01.2007, edited by John Alroy, Evangelos Vlachos and Grace Varnham

Creative Commons license: CC0 (CC0)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names

unclassified
-	Sciuropteridae indet. Sciuropteridae indet.
Mammalia
Lagomorpha - Ochotonidae	Alloptox sp., Prolagus cf. oeningensis Alloptox sp. Dawson 1961 pika "Alloptox n.sp. 1" Prolagus cf. oeningensis König 1825 pika
Rodentia - Cricetidae	Megacricetodon andrewsi n. sp.³, Cricetodon sp., "Democricetodon sp." = Copemys Megacricetodon andrewsi n. sp.³ Pelaez-Campomanes and Daams 2002 rodent Cricetodon sp. Lartet 1851 rodent "Cricedoton ('Palaeocricetus') sp." "Democricetodon sp." = Copemys Wood 1936 rodent
Rodentia - Dipodidae	Dipodidae indet. Dipodidae indet. Waterhouse 1842 rodent
Rodentia - Spalacidae	cf. Rhizomys sp. cf. Rhizomys sp. Gray 1831 greater bamboo rat
Rodentia - Sciuridae	cf. Spermophilinus bredai cf. Spermophilinus bredai von Meyer 1848 squirrel
Rodentia - Ctenodactylidae	Ctenodactylidae indet. Ctenodactylidae indet. Gervais 1853 gundi
Rodentia - Gliridae	Peridyromys lavocati n. sp.³, Pseudodryomys sp. Peridyromys lavocati n. sp.³ Pelaez-Campomanes and Daams 2002 dormouse Pseudodryomys sp. de Bruijn 1966 dormouse
Primates - Hominidae	"Sivapithecus darwini" = Sivapithecus, "Ramapithecus wickeri" = Sivapithecus "Sivapithecus darwini" = Sivapithecus ape "Ramapithecus wickeri" = Sivapithecus ape
Tribosphenida - Erinaceidae	Schizogalerix pasalarensis¹, Erinaceinae indet. Schizogalerix pasalarensis¹ Engesser 1980 hedgehog Erinaceinae indet. Fischer de Waldheim 1817 hedgehog
Soricomorpha - Talpidae	Desmanodon cf. minor¹ Desmanodon cf. minor¹ Engesser 1980 mole "Talpidae sp. 1"
Soricomorpha - Soricidae	Soricidae indet. Soricidae indet. Fischer 1814 shrew Soricidae sp. (small form)
Carnivora - Felidae	Pseudaelurus larteti, Pseudaelurus cf. quadridentatus Pseudaelurus larteti cat "Pseudailurus (Schizailurus) larteti" Pseudaelurus cf. quadridentatus de Blainville 1843 cat "Pseudailurus cr. quadridentatus"
Carnivora - Hyaenidae	"Protictitherium intermedium" = Protoviverrops intermedium, Protictitherium sp., Protictitherium aff. gaillardi "Protictitherium intermedium" = Protoviverrops intermedium Schmidt-Kittler 1976 hyaena Protictitherium sp. Kretzoi 1938 hyaena "Protictitherium sp. I" Protictitherium aff. gaillardi Forsyth Major 1903 hyaena
Carnivora - Ursidae	Hemicyon sansaniensis, Plithocyon sp., Ursavus aff. intermedius, Ursavus cf. primaevus Hemicyon sansaniensis Lartet 1851 bear Plithocyon sp. Ginsburg 1955 bear Ursavus aff. intermedius von Koenigswald 1925 bear Ursavus cf. primaevus Gaillard 1899 bear
Carnivora -	Proputorius sp. Proputorius sp. Filhol 1890 carnivoran
Carnivora - Mustelidae	Lutrinae indet., Plesiogulo sp., Trochictis sp. Lutrinae indet. Baird 1857 otter "Lutrinae sp. I" Plesiogulo sp. Zdansky 1934 mustelid carnivore said to be new Trochictis sp. von Meyer 1842 mustelid carnivore
Carnivora - Amphicyonidae	Amphicyon cf. major Amphicyon cf. major De Blainville 1841 bear-dog
Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae	"Beliajevina tekkayai" = Procoelodonta (Pasalarhinus) tekkayai "Beliajevina tekkayai" = Procoelodonta (Pasalarhinus) tekkayai Heissig 1974 rhinoceros
Perissodactyla - Tapiridae	Tapirus sp. Tapirus sp. Brisson 1762 tapir
Perissodactyla - Equidae	Anchitherium sp. Anchitherium sp. von Meyer 1844 anchitheriine horse
Artiodactyla - Suidae	Conohyus sp., Listriodon splendens Conohyus sp. Pilgrim 1926 pig Listriodon splendens von Meyer 1846 pig
Artiodactyla -	Schizochoerus sp. Schizochoerus sp. Crusafont-Pairo and Lavocat 1954 even-toed ungulate
Artiodactyla - Bovidae	Bovidae indet., Prostrepsiceros cf. rotundicornis, Protoryx cf. carolinae Bovidae indet. Gray 1821 antelope Prostrepsiceros cf. rotundicornis antelope Protoryx cf. carolinae Major 1891 antelope
Artiodactyla - Cervidae	Cervidae indet. Cervidae indet. Gray 1821 deer
Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae	Gomphotherium angustidens Gomphotherium angustidens Burmeister 1837 gomphothere
Proboscidea - Deinotheriidae	Deinotherium giganteum Deinotherium giganteum Kaup 1829 deinothere
Tubulidentata - Orycteropodidae	Orycteropus sp. Orycteropus sp. Geoffroy 1791 aardvark
Chiroptera -	Chiroptera indet. Chiroptera indet. Blumenbach 1779 bat
Reptilia
Squamata - Chamaeleonidae	Chamaeleonidae "indet. 3"² Chamaeleonidae "indet. 3"² Gray 1825 chameleon A fragment of a left dentary (BP 2019-181)
Testudines - Geoemydidae	Mauremys cf. caspica⁴ Mauremys cf. caspica⁴ Gmelin 1774 Caspian turtle

¹Engesser 1980; ²Georgalis et al. 2022; ³Pelaez-Campomanes and Daams 2002; ⁴Staesche et al. 2007