PBDB Collection

Clarno Nut Beds Flora (Eocene of the United States)

Where: Wheeler County, Oregon (44.9° N, 120.4° W: paleocoordinates 46.5° N, 105.5° W)

• coordinate stated in text

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Middle Eocene (47.8 - 37.7 Ma)

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: fluvial-lacustrine; lithified conglomerate

• Volcanic sediments remobilized in water

• tuffaceous siltstones, sandstones and conglomerates cemented by silica and calcium carbonate

Size class: mesofossils

Preservation: permineralized, original carbon, replaced with calcite, replaced with silica

Collection methods: quarrying,

Primary reference: S.R. Manchester. 1994. Fruits and seeds of the Middle Eocene Nut Beds Flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon. Palaeontographica Americana (58)1-205 [B. Tiffney/B. Tiffney/B. Tiffney]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 21220: authorized by Bruce Tiffney, entered by Bruce Tiffney on 20.06.2002, edited by Sara Pendleton, Karl Volkman and Nicholas Famoso

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names

unclassified
-	Diploporus torreyoides, Paleopanax oregonensis, Coryloides hancockii, Kardiasperma parvum, Fortunearites endressii, Iodicarpa ampla, Iodicarpa lenticularis, Comicilabium atkinsii, ? Paleoplatycarya hickeyi, Anamirta leiocarpa, Curvitinospora formanii, Thanikaimonia geniculata, Tanyoplatanus cranei, Emmenopterys dilcheri, Palaeoallophylus globosa, Palaeoallophylus gordonii, Ankistrosperma spitzerae, Anonymocarpa ovoidea, Ascosphaera eocenis, Axinosperma agnostum, Bonesia spatulata, Comminicarpa friisae, Cuneisemen truncatum, Dentisemen parvum, Durocarpus cordatus, Ferrignocarpus bivalvis, Fimbrialata wingii, Fragarites ramificans, Globulicarpium levigatum, Hexacarpellites hallii, Joejonesia globosa, Lignicarpus crassimuri, Ligniglobus sinuosifibrae, Lunaticarpa curvistriata, Microphallus perplexus, Nephrosemen reticulatus, Omsicarpium striatum, Pasternackia pusilla, Pileosperma minutum, Pileosperma ovatum, Pistachioides striata, Pollostosperma dictyum, Polygrana nutbedense, Pruniticarpa cevallosii, Pteronepelys wehrii, Pulvinisperma minutum, Pyrisemen attenuatum, Quintacava velosida, Sambucuspermites rugulosus, Scabraecarpium clarnense, Scalaritheca biseriata, Scaphicarpium radiatum, Sphaerosperma riesii, Sphenosperma baccatum, Stockeycarpa globosa, Striatisperma coronapunctatum, Tenuisperma ellipticum, Tiffneycarpa scleroidea, Trigonostela oregonensis, Tripartisemen bonesii, Triplascapha collinsonae, Triplexivalva rugata, Trisepticarpium minutum, Truncatisemen sapotoides, Wheelera lingnicrusta, "Five part flower" sp., Paleophytocrene sp.², ? Dipoclisia sp.², Castilla sp.², Berhamnophyllum sp.², Chattawaya sp.² Diploporus torreyoides Paleopanax oregonensis Coryloides hancockii Kardiasperma parvum Fortunearites endressii Iodicarpa ampla Iodicarpa lenticularis Comicilabium atkinsii ? Paleoplatycarya hickeyi Anamirta leiocarpa Curvitinospora formanii Thanikaimonia geniculata Tanyoplatanus cranei Emmenopterys dilcheri Palaeoallophylus globosa Palaeoallophylus gordonii Ankistrosperma spitzerae Anonymocarpa ovoidea Ascosphaera eocenis Axinosperma agnostum Bonesia spatulata Comminicarpa friisae Cuneisemen truncatum Dentisemen parvum Durocarpus cordatus Ferrignocarpus bivalvis Fimbrialata wingii Fragarites ramificans Globulicarpium levigatum Hexacarpellites hallii Joejonesia globosa Lignicarpus crassimuri Ligniglobus sinuosifibrae Lunaticarpa curvistriata Microphallus perplexus Nephrosemen reticulatus Omsicarpium striatum Pasternackia pusilla Pileosperma minutum Pileosperma ovatum Pistachioides striata Pollostosperma dictyum Polygrana nutbedense Pruniticarpa cevallosii Pteronepelys wehrii Pulvinisperma minutum Pyrisemen attenuatum Quintacava velosida Sambucuspermites rugulosus Scabraecarpium clarnense Scalaritheca biseriata Scaphicarpium radiatum Sphaerosperma riesii Sphenosperma baccatum Stockeycarpa globosa Striatisperma coronapunctatum Tenuisperma ellipticum Tiffneycarpa scleroidea Trigonostela oregonensis Tripartisemen bonesii Triplascapha collinsonae Triplexivalva rugata Trisepticarpium minutum Truncatisemen sapotoides Wheelera lingnicrusta "Five part flower" sp. Paleophytocrene sp.² fruit ? Dipoclisia sp.² fruit Castilla sp.² leaf Berhamnophyllum sp.² leaf Chattawaya sp.² wood
Cycadopsida
Dioales - Dioaceae	Dioon sp.² Dioon sp.² Lindley 1843 cycads Leaf
Ginkgoopsida
Ginkgoales - Ginkgoaceae	Ginkgo sp.² Ginkgo sp.² Linnaeus 1771 ginkgo Wood, leaf
Cinnamomophyllum
-	Cinnamomophyllum sp.² Cinnamomophyllum sp.² Kraeusel and Weyland 1950 leaf
Pinopsida
Pinales - Pinaceae	Pinus sp., Pinus sp.² Pinus sp. Linnaeus 1753 pine Pinus sp.² Linnaeus 1753 pine Wood, pollen
Pinales - Taxaceae	Taxus masonii, Torreya clarnensis Taxus masonii yew Torreya clarnensis yew
Pinales - Taxodiaceae	Taxodiaceae indet.² Taxodiaceae indet.² Saporta 1865 Wood
Angiospermae
Magnoliales - Annonaceae	Anonaspermum bonesii, Anonaspermum rotundum, Anonaspermum sp.², Anonaspermum pulchrum Anonaspermum bonesii custard apple Anonaspermum rotundum custard apple Anonaspermum sp.² Ball 1931 custard apple Seed Anonaspermum pulchrum Reid and Chandler 1933 custard apple
Magnoliales - Magnoliaceae	Magnolia muldoonae, Magnolia paroblonga, Magnolia tiffneyi, Magnolia sp.² Magnolia muldoonae magnolia Magnolia paroblonga magnolia Magnolia tiffneyi magnolia Magnolia sp.² Linnaeus 1753 magnolia leaf, seed
-	Carpolithus bellisperma, Carpolithus "sp. A", Carpolithus "sp. B", Carpolithus "sp. C", Carpolithus "sp. D", Carpolithus "sp. E", Carpolithus "sp. F" Carpolithus bellisperma Carpolithus "sp. A" Linnaeus 1768 Carpolithus "sp. B" Linnaeus 1768 Carpolithus "sp. C" Linnaeus 1768 Carpolithus "sp. D" Linnaeus 1768 Carpolithus "sp. E" Linnaeus 1768 Carpolithus "sp. F" Linnaeus 1768
Dicotyledoneae
Myrtales - Lythraceae	Decodon sp. Decodon sp. Gmelin 1791
Ericales - Pentaphylacaceae	Cleyera grotei Cleyera grotei
Ericales - Sapotaceae	? Bumelia globosa, ? Bumelia subangularis ? Bumelia globosa ? Bumelia subangularis
Ericales - Theaceae	Actinidia oregonensis Actinidia oregonensis tea
Ericales - Symplocaceae	Symplocos nooteboomii Symplocos nooteboomii sweetleaf
Angiospermae
- Mastixiaceae	Mastixia sp. Mastixia sp. von Blume 1826
Fagales - Juglandaceae	Palaeocarya clarnensis, Engelhardia sp.², Pterocarya sp.², Cruciptera simsonii, Juglans clarnensis, Juglans sp.² Palaeocarya clarnensis Engelhardia sp.² Blume 1825 wood, fruit Pterocarya sp.² Kunth 1824 wingnut leaf Cruciptera simsonii Brown 1940 Juglans clarnensis walnut Juglans sp.² Linnaeus 1753 walnut fruit
Fagales - Fagaceae	Castanopsis crepetii, Castanea sp.², Quercus paleocarpa, Quercus sp.² Castanopsis crepetii chinquapin Castanea sp.² Miller 1754 chestnut leaf Quercus paleocarpa oak Quercus sp.² Linnaeus 1753 oak wood, fruit, leaf
Rosales - Ulmaceae	Ulmaceae indet.², Celtis burnhamae, Celtis sp., Cedrelospermum lineatum Ulmaceae indet.² Brisseau-Mirbel 1815 elm wood, leaf Celtis burnhamae hackberry Celtis sp. Linnaeus 1753 hackberry Cedrelospermum lineatum elm
Rosales - Cannabaceae	Trema nucilecta, Aphananthe maii Trema nucilecta hemp Aphananthe maii hemp
Rosales - Rosaceae	Prunus olsonii, Prunus weinsteinii Prunus olsonii plum Prunus weinsteinii plum
Fabales - Fabaceae	Leguminocarpon sp., Tetrapleuroxylon sp.² Leguminocarpon sp. Göppert 1855 legume Tetrapleuroxylon sp.² Mueller-Stoll and Maedel 1967 legume wood
Huerteales - Tapisciaceae	Tapiscia occidentalis, Tapiscia sp.² Tapiscia occidentalis Tapiscia sp.² Oliver 1890 seed
Malvales - Sterculiaceae	Triplochitioxylon sp.² Triplochitioxylon sp.² Manchester 1979 wood
Sapindales - Anacardiaceae	Pentoperculum minimus, Rhus rooseae, Astronium sp.², Tapirira sp.², Dracontomelon sp.² Pentoperculum minimus Manchester 1994 cashew Rhus rooseae sumac Astronium sp.² Jacquin 1760 cashew Wood Tapirira sp.² Aublet 1775 cashew Wood Dracontomelon sp.² Blume 1850 cashew Fruit
Sapindales - Sapindaceae	Sapindaceae indet.² Sapindaceae indet.² de Jussieu 1789 soapberry seed
Sapindales - Burseraceae	Bursericarpum oregonense, Bursericarpum sp., Bursericarpum sp.² Bursericarpum oregonense Bursericarpum sp. Reid and Chandler 1933 Bursericarpum sp.² Reid and Chandler 1933 Fruit
Rosids - Moraceae	Ficoxylon sp.² Ficoxylon sp.² Kaiser 1880 mulberry wood
Vitales - Vitaceae	Parthenocissus angustisulcata, Parthenocissus clarnensis, Parthenocissus sp.², Vitis magnisperma, Vitis tiffneyi, Vitis sp.² Parthenocissus angustisulcata Parthenocissus clarnensis Parthenocissus sp.² Planchon 1887 seed Vitis magnisperma grapevine Vitis tiffneyi grapevine Vitis sp.² Linnaeus 1753 grapevine seed
Saxifragales - Cercidiphyllaceae	Cercidiphyllum sp.² Cercidiphyllum sp.² Siebold and Zuccarini 1846 katsura Wood, leaf, fruit
Saxifragales - Saxifragaceae	Saxifragispermum tetragonalis, Hydrangea knowltonii, Hydrangea sp.² Saxifragispermum tetragonalis Hydrangea knowltonii hydrangea Hydrangea sp.² Linnaeus 1753 hydrangea fruit
Cornales - Alangiaceae	Alangium eydei, Alangium rotundicarpum, Alangium sp.² Alangium eydei Alangium rotundicarpum Alangium sp.² Lamarck 1783 Fruit
Cornales - Nyssaceae	Nyssa spatulata, Nyssa scottii, Nyssa sp. Nyssa spatulata tupelo Nyssa scottii tupelo Nyssa sp. Linnaeus 1753 tupelo
Cornales - Cornaceae	Langtonia sp.², Langtonia bisulcata, Cornus clarnensis, Mastixicarpum occidentale, Mastixioidiocarpum oregonense, Mastixioidiocarpum sp.² Langtonia sp.² Reid and Chandler 1933 Fruit Langtonia bisulcata Reid and Chandler 1933 Cornus clarnensis dogwood Mastixicarpum occidentale Mastixioidiocarpum oregonense Mastixioidiocarpum sp.² Scott 1954 Fruit
Icacinales - Icacinaceae	Iodes multirecticulata, Iodes chandlerae, Palaeophytocrene hancockii, Palaeophytocrene pseudopersica, Pyrenacantha occidentalis Iodes multirecticulata white pear Iodes chandlerae white pear Palaeophytocrene hancockii white pear Palaeophytocrene pseudopersica white pear Pyrenacantha occidentalis white pear
Ranunculales - Menispermaceae	Calycocarpum crassicrustae, Atriaecarpum clarnense, Chandlera sp.², Chandlera lacunosa, Davisicarpum limacioides, Tinospora elongata, Tinospora hardmanae, ? Tinospora sp.², Palaeosinomenium venablesii, Eohypserpa scottii, Odontocaryoidea sp.², Odontocaryoidea nodulosa, Tinomiscoidea occidentalis, Diploclisia auriformis Calycocarpum crassicrustae Atriaecarpum clarnense Chandlera sp.² Scott 1954 fruit Chandlera lacunosa Scott 1954 Davisicarpum limacioides Tinospora elongata Tinospora hardmanae ? Tinospora sp.² Miers 1851 fruit Palaeosinomenium venablesii Chandler 1961 Eohypserpa scottii Odontocaryoidea sp.² Scott 1954 fruit Odontocaryoidea nodulosa Scott 1954 Tinomiscoidea occidentalis Diploclisia auriformis
Proteales - Sabiaceae	Meliosma beusekomii, Meliosma bonesii, Meliosma elongicarpa, Meliosma leptocarpa, Meliosma jenkinsii, Meliosma sp.², Sabia prefoetida Meliosma beusekomii Meliosma bonesii Meliosma elongicarpa Meliosma leptocarpa Meliosma jenkinsii Meliosma sp.² Blume 1823 wood, leaf, fruit Sabia prefoetida
Proteales - Platanaceae	Platanus hirticarpa, Platanus sp.², Plataninium haydenii¹, Macginicarpa glabra, Macginicarpa glabra n. gen. n. sp.¹, Macginitiea angustiloba¹, Macginistemon mikanoides¹, Platananthus synandrus n. gen. n. sp.¹ Platanus hirticarpa plane tree Platanus sp.² Linnaeus 1753 plane tree wood, leaf, fruit Plataninium haydenii¹ platanaceous wood Macginicarpa glabra Manchester 1986 Macginicarpa glabra n. gen. n. sp.¹ Manchester 1986 Infructescences Macginitiea angustiloba¹ Lesquereux 1878 Macginistemon mikanoides¹ MacGinitie 1941 isolated stamen groups Platananthus synandrus n. gen. n. sp.¹ Manchester 1986 Inflorescences
Zingiberales -	Ensete oregonense Ensete oregonense Manchester and Kress 1993
Mesangiosperms - Arecaceae	Palmocarpon sp.², Palmoxylon sp.², Sabal jenkinsii, Sabal bracknellense, Sabalites sp.² Palmocarpon sp.² Miquel 1853 palm fruit Palmoxylon sp.² Schenk 1882 palm Wood Sabal jenkinsii palm Sabal bracknellense Mai 1976 palm Sabalites sp.² Saporta 1865 fan palm Leaf
Laurales - Lauraceae	Laurocalyx wheelerae, Laurocarpum hancockii, Laurocarpum nutbedensis, Laurocarpum raisinoides, Laurocarpum sp.², Lindera clarnensis, Ulminium sp.² Laurocalyx wheelerae laurel Laurocarpum hancockii laurel Laurocarpum nutbedensis laurel Laurocarpum raisinoides laurel Laurocarpum sp.² Reid and Chandler 1933 laurel fruit Lindera clarnensis laurel Ulminium sp.² Unger 1842 laurel wood
Austrobaileyales - Schisandraceae	Schisandra oregonensis Schisandra oregonensis
Ulospermum
-	Ulospermum hardingae Ulospermum hardingae
Polypodiopsida
- Polypodiaceae	Dennstaedtiopsis sp.² Dennstaedtiopsis sp.² Arnold and Daugherty 1964 Petiole
Equisetales - Equisetidae	Equisetum sp.² Equisetum sp.² Linnaeus 1753 horsetail Stem, rhizome, cone
Acrostichum
-	Acrostichum sp.² Acrostichum sp.² Linnaeus 1753 Petiole
Ampelocissus
-	Ampelocissus auriforma, Ampelocissus scottii, Ampelocissus rooseae Ampelocissus auriforma Ampelocissus scottii Ampelocissus rooseae
Deviacer wolfei
-	Deviacer wolfei Deviacer wolfei Manchester 1994

¹Manchester 1986; ²Manchester 1981