Lufeng (Miocene of China)

Where: Yunnan, China (25.0° N, 102.1° E: paleocoordinates 24.4° N, 101.0° E)

• coordinate stated in text

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Tortonian (11.6 - 7.2 Ma)

• Quarry sequence is divided into 8 beds (numbered from top), in the Xi River Basin north of Lufeng, China. These unconformably overly Mesozoic sediments. No Formation names are given.

•Han 1985: "Its geological age is Late Miocene, equivalent to the Turolian of European sequence of land mammal ages." Qi 1986: Age "8 Ma or perhaps a bit later"

• member-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: fluvial-lacustrine; unlithified, black, sandy lignite and unlithified, calcareous mudstone

• Quarry section at Lufeng is 8 m thick. Detailed microstratigraphy given in Qi 1985 and Badgley et al 1988.

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils, microfossils

Collection methods: bulk,

Primary reference: G. Qi. 1979. Pliocene mammalian fauna of Lufeng, Yunnan. Vertebrata PalAsiatica (Gujizhui dongwu yu gurenlei) 17(1):14-22 [J. Alroy/S. Kuemmell/S. Kuemmell]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 11798: authorized by Will Clyde, entered by John Finarelli on 10.09.2001, edited by Will Clyde, Susanna Kümmell, Mark Uhen and Hannah O'Regan

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names
unclassified
  -
Saururus sp.1, Oleacea sp.1, Myriaca sp.1, Monocelastrum sp.1
Mammalia
 Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae
"Gomphotherium sp." = Gomphotherium4, "? Serridentinus sp." = Gomphotherium, Tetralophodon cf. exoletus1
"Gomphotherium sp." = Gomphotherium4 Burmeister 1837 gomphothere
"? Serridentinus sp." = Gomphotherium Burmeister 1837 gomphothere
 Proboscidea - Mammutidae
Zygolophodon lufengensis n. sp.4
Zygolophodon lufengensis n. sp.4 mastodon
 Insectivora - Tupaiidae
Tupaiidae indet.8, Prodendrogale yunnanica n. sp.6
Tupaiidae indet.8 Gray 1825 tree shrew
Prodendrogale yunnanica n. sp.6 Qiu 1986 tree shrew
 Chiroptera - Hipposideridae
Hipposideridae indet.8
Hipposideridae indet.8 Lydekker 1891 leaf-nosed bat
 Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae
Myotis sp.8, Pipistrellus sp.8, Eptesicus sp.8, Plecotus sp.8
Myotis sp.8 Kaup 1829 vesper bat
Pipistrellus sp.8 Kaup 1829 pipistrelle bat
Eptesicus sp.8 Rafinesque 1820 house bat
Spelled Epthsicus in original
Plecotus sp.8 Geoffroy 1818 vesper bat
 Chiroptera - Pteropidae
Pteropidae indet.8
Pteropidae indet.8 Gray 1821 fruit bat
 Carnivora - Hyaenidae
Ictitherium gaudryi5, Ictitherium sp.5
Ictitherium sp.5 Wagner 1848 hyaena
 Carnivora - Viverridae
? Viverridae indet.5, Viverrinae indet.5, Viverra sp.5, Paradoxurinae indet.5
? Viverridae indet.5 Gray 1821 civet
Viverrinae indet.5 Gray 1821 civet
2 spp.
Viverra sp.5 Linnaeus 1758 civet
Paradoxurinae indet.5 Gray 1864 civet
 Carnivora - Felidae
Metailurus sp.7, Machairodus fires7, Felis sp.5
Metailurus sp.7 Zdansky 1924 cat
Felis sp.5 Linnaeus 1758 cat
 Carnivora - Ursidae
Indarctos sp.5, "Indarctos sinensis" = Indarctos atticus5, Ursinae indet.4, Ursavus depereti5
Indarctos sp.5 Pilgrim 1913 bear
"Indarctos sinensis" = Indarctos atticus5 Weithofer 1888 bear
Ursinae indet.4 Swainson 1835 bear
 Carnivora - Mustelidae
Mustelidae indet.5, Lutrinae indet.5, Lutra sp.5, Sivaonyx bathygnathus5, Martes cf. paleosinensis5, Martes sp.5, Eomellivora cf. wimani5
Mustelidae indet.5 Fischer 1817 mustelid carnivore
Lutrinae indet.5 Baird 1857 otter
Lutra sp.5 Brisson 1762 otter
Sivaonyx bathygnathus5 Lydekker 1884 otter
Martes cf. paleosinensis5 marten
spelled Martes palaeosinensis in original
Martes sp.5 Frisch 1775 marten
Eomellivora cf. wimani5 Zdansky 1924 ratel
 Carnivora - Ailuridae
Protursus sp.5
Protursus sp.5 Crusafont and Kurtén 1976 red panda
 Carnivora -
Proputorius lufengensis5, Proputorius sp.4
Proputorius sp.4 Filhol 1890 carnivoran
 Artiodactyla - Suidae
Suidae indet.2, Hyotherium sp.2, Hyotherium cf. palaeochoerus2, Potamochoerus spp.2, Potamochoerus cf. salinus, Lophochoerus lufengensis2
Suidae indet.2 Gray 1821 pig
Hyotherium sp.2 von Meyer 1834 pig
Hyotherium cf. palaeochoerus2 pig
Qi 1985: cf. Hyotherium palaeochoerus
Potamochoerus spp.2 Gray 1854 pig
3 unnamed species identified
 Artiodactyla - Cervidae
Cervidae indet.2, Metacervulus cf. simplex2, Metacervulus sp.2, Muntiacus sp.2, Muntiacus cf. nanus2
Cervidae indet.2 Gray 1821 deer
2 spp.
Metacervulus sp.2 Teilhard de Jardin and Trassaert 1937 deer
2 unnamed species identified , n. sp.
Muntiacus sp.2 Rafinesque 1815 muntjak
3 spp, n. sp.
Muntiacus cf. nanus2 Teilhard de Chardin and Trassaert 1937 muntjak
 Artiodactyla - Moschidae
Moschus sp.2
Moschus sp.2 Linnaeus 1758 musk deer
 Artiodactyla - Palaeomerycidae
Palaeomeryx sp.
Palaeomeryx sp. von Meyer 1834 ruminant
 Artiodactyla - Lagomerycidae
Dicrocerus sp.2
Dicrocerus sp.2 Lartet 1837 ruminant
 Artiodactyla - Bovidae
Bovidae indet.2, Antilospira sp., Selenoportax sp.2
Bovidae indet.2 Gray 1821 antelope
Antilospira sp. Teilhard de Jardin and Young 1931 antelope
Selenoportax sp.2 Pilgrim 1937 antelope
 Artiodactyla - Tragulidae
Dorcabune progressus1, Dorcatherium sp.4, Dorcatherium minus, Yunnanotherium simplex1
Dorcatherium sp.4 Kaup 1839 chevrotain
n. sp.
Dorcatherium minus Lydekker 1876 chevrotain
Yunnanotherium simplex1 Han 1986 chevrotain
 Perissodactyla - Chalicotheriidae
"Macrotherium salinum" = Chalicotherium salinum, Macrotherium sp.4
"Macrotherium salinum" = Chalicotherium salinum Forster Cooper 1922 chalicothere
Macrotherium sp.4 Lartet 1837 chalicothere
 Perissodactyla - Tapiridae
Tapirus sp.
Tapirus sp. Brisson 1762 tapir
 Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Chilotherium sp., Aceratherium sp.
Chilotherium sp. Ringström 1924 rhinoceros
Aceratherium sp. Kaup 1834 rhinoceros
 Perissodactyla - Equidae
Hipparion cf. nagriensis, Hipparion sp.4
Hipparion cf. nagriensis hipparionine horse
Hipparion sp.4 de Christol 1832 hipparionine horse
2 spp.
 Theriamorpha - Erinaceidae
Galerix sp.8, ? Lanthanotherium sp.8
Galerix sp.8 Pomel 1848 hedgehog
? Lanthanotherium sp.8 Filhol 1888 hedgehog
 Theriamorpha - Soricidae
Soricidae indet.8, Soricinae indet.8, Anourosorex sp.8, Blarinella sp.8, cf. Crocidura sp.8
Soricidae indet.8 Fischer 1814 shrew
"Heterosoricinae"
Soricinae indet.8 Fischer von Waldheim 1817 red-toothed shrew
Anourosorex sp.8 Milne-Edwards 1872 mole shrew
n. sp.
Blarinella sp.8 Thomas 1911 Asiatic short-tailed shrew
cf. Crocidura sp.8 Wagler 1832 white-toothed shrew
 Theriamorpha - Talpidae
Talpidae indet.8
Talpidae indet.8 Fischer de Waldheim 1817 mole
"Scalopini"
 Lagomorpha - Leporidae
Alilepus longisinuosus1
 Rodentia - Eomyidae
Leptodontomys sp.8
Leptodontomys sp.8 Shotwell 1956 rodent
n. sp.
 Rodentia - Castoridae
cf. Monosaulax sp.8
cf. Monosaulax sp.8 Stirton 1935 beaver
 Rodentia - Sciuridae
Sciurotamias sp.8, Albanensia sp.8, ? Forsythia sp.8, cf. Hylopetes sp.8, cf. Dremomys sp.8, cf. Tamiops sp.8, cf. Callosciurus sp.8
Sciurotamias sp.8 Miller 1901 Chinese rock squirrel
Albanensia sp.8 Daxner-Höck and Mein 1975 squirrel
? Forsythia sp.8 Mein 1970 squirrel
cf. Hylopetes sp.8 Thomas 1908 squirrel
cf. Dremomys sp.8 Heude 1898 red-cheeked squirrel
cf. Tamiops sp.8 Allen 1906 Asian striped squirrel
cf. Callosciurus sp.8 Gray 1867 tree squirrel
 Rodentia - Hystricidae
Hystrix sp.8
Hystrix sp.8 Linnaeus 1758 porcupine
 Rodentia - Spalacidae
"Rhizomyidae indet." = Rhizomyinae1, Brachyrhizomys nagrii8, cf. Brachyrhizomys pilgrimi8, Brachyrhizomys tetracharax8
"Rhizomyidae indet." = Rhizomyinae1 Miller and Gidley 1918 mouse
 Rodentia - Muridae
Muridae indet.8, Parapelomys sp. n. sp.8, ? Mus sp.8, Parapodemus sp.8
Muridae indet.8 Illiger 1811 mouse
Parapelomys sp. n. sp.8 Jacobs 1978 mouse
? Mus sp.8 Linnaeus 1758 house mouse
Parapodemus sp.8 Schaub 1938 mouse
 Rodentia - Cricetidae
"Kowalskia sp." = Neocricetodon8, "cf. Kowalskia sp." = Neocricetodon4
"Kowalskia sp." = Neocricetodon8 Schaub 1934 mouse
"cf. Kowalskia sp." = Neocricetodon4 Schaub 1934 mouse
 Rodentia -
Platacanthomys sp.8, Typhlomys sp.8
Platacanthomys sp.8 Blyth 1859 mouse
n. sp.
Typhlomys sp.8 Milne-Edwards 1877 Chinese pygmy dormouse
n. spp.
 Primates - Sivaladapidae
Sinoadapis carnosus n. gen. n. sp.10, Sinoadapis carnosus7
Sinoadapis carnosus n. gen. n. sp.10 Wu and Pan 1985 primate
Sinoadapis carnosus7 Wu and Pan 1985 primate
 Primates - Hominidae
Lufengpithecus lufengensis1, "Sivapithecus sp." = Sivapithecus4, "Ramapithecus sp." = Sivapithecus4
Lufengpithecus lufengensis1 Xu et al. 1978 ape
Given in citation as
"Sivapithecus sp." = Sivapithecus4 Pilgrim 1910 ape
"Ramapithecus sp." = Sivapithecus4 Pilgrim 1910 ape
 Primates - Pliopithecidae
Laccopithecus robustus9
Laccopithecus robustus9 Wu and Pan 1984 monkey
 Primates - Cercopithecidae
Macaca sp.
Macaca sp. Lacépède 1799 macaque
Aves
 Passeriformes -
Yunnanus gaoyuansis n. gen. n. sp.3
Yunnanus gaoyuansis n. gen. n. sp.3 Hou 1985 perching bird
 Anseriformes - Anatidae
Aythya shihuibas n. sp.3, Anas sp.3
Aythya shihuibas n. sp.3 Hou 1985 pochard
Anas sp.3 Linnaeus 1758 dabbling duck
 Galliformes - Phasianidae
Bambusicola sp.3, Diangallus mious n. gen. n. sp.3, Phasianus lufengia n. sp.3
Bambusicola sp.3 Gould 1863 pheasant
Diangallus mious n. gen. n. sp.3 pheasant
Phasianus lufengia n. sp.3 Hou 1985 pheasant
misspelled as Phasinaus
Reptilia
 Testudines - Geoemydidae
Cuora pitheca n. sp.4
Cuora pitheca n. sp.4 Yeh 1981 Asian box turtle
Actinopteri
 Cypriniformes - Cyprinidae
Cyprinus sp.4
Cyprinus sp.4 Linnaeus 1758 carp-like fish
Algae
  - Zygnemataceae
Spirogyra sp.1
Spirogyra sp.1 Link 1820
unclassified
  -
Pteridophyta indet.1
Pteridophyta indet.1 Haeckel 1875
fern spores
Pinopsida
 Pinales - Pinaceae
Cedrus sp.1, Picea sp.1, Tsuga sp.1, Keteleeria evelyniana1, Pinus sp.1
Cedrus sp.1 Trew 1757 cedar
Picea sp.1 Dietrich 1824 spruce
Tsuga sp.1 Carrière 1855
Pinus sp.1 Linnaeus 1753 pine
Angiospermae
 Sapindales - Anacardiaceae
Rhus sp.1
Rhus sp.1 Linnaeus 1753 sumac
 Fagales - Betulaceae
Betula sp.1, Alnus nepalensis1
Betula sp.1 Linnaeus 1753 birch
Alnus nepalensis1 Don 1825 alder
 Fagales - Fagaceae
Quercus sp.1, Castanopsis sp.1
Quercus sp.1 Linnaeus 1753 oak
Castanopsis sp.1 Spach 1842 chinquapin
 Apiales - Apiaceae
"Umbelliferae indet." = Apiaceae1
"Umbelliferae indet." = Apiaceae1 Lindley 1836
Cycadopsida
 Cycadales - Cycadaceae
Cycas sp.1
Cycas sp.1 Linnaeus 1753 cycads
1Badgley et al. 1988; 2Han 1985; 3Hou 1985; 4Qi 1985; 5Qi 1985; 6Qiu 1986; 7Qiu 1990; 8Qiu et al. 1985; 9Wu and Pan 1984; 10Wu and Pan 1985