Benara (Oligocene of Georgia)

Also known as Benarskaya

Where: Georgia (41.7° N, 42.8° E: paleocoordinates 39.2° N, 49.1° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Late/Upper Oligocene (28.4 - 23.0 Ma)

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: terrestrial; red mudstone and coarse-grained, brown, yellow sandstone

• Red, smectitic mudstone and yellowish-brown, coarse-grained sandstone

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Primary reference: S. G. Lucas and R. J. Emry. 1999. Taxonomy and biochronological significance of Paraentelodon, a giant entelodont (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the late Oligocene of Eurasia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19(1):160-168 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 182744: authorized by Philip Mannion, entered by Philip Mannion on 23.11.2016

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names
Mammalia
 Perissodactyla - Brontotheriidae
Brontotheriidae indet.3
Brontotheriidae indet.3 Marsh 1873 brontothere
 Perissodactyla - Hyracodontidae
"Prothyracodon sp." = Prohyracodon3, Ardynia sp.1
"Prothyracodon sp." = Prohyracodon3 Koch 1897 odd-toed ungulate
Ardynia sp.1 Matthew and Granger 1923 odd-toed ungulate
 Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Aceratherium sp.3
Aceratherium sp.3 Kaup 1834 rhinoceros
 Perissodactyla - Paraceratheriidae
Benaratherium callistrati n. gen. n. sp.3
Benaratherium callistrati n. gen. n. sp.3 Gabunia 1955 odd-toed ungulate
 Perissodactyla -
Meschotherium meschethicum n. gen. n. sp.3
Meschotherium meschethicum n. gen. n. sp.3 Gabunia 1964 odd-toed ungulate
 Perissodactyla - Eggysodontidae
Allacerops sp.3
Allacerops sp.3 Wood 1932 odd-toed ungulate
 Perissodactyla - Tapiridae
Colodon sp.3
Colodon sp.3 Marsh 1890 tapir
 Perissodactyla - Chalicotheriidae
Phyllotillon sp.3, Schizotherium chucuae n. sp.3
Phyllotillon sp.3 Pilgrim 1910 chalicothere
Schizotherium chucuae n. sp.3 Gabunia 1951 chalicothere
 Artiodactyla -
Prodremotherium trepidum n. sp.4
Prodremotherium trepidum n. sp.4 Gabunia 1964 ruminant
 Artiodactyla - Tragulidae
Iberomeryx parvus n. gen. n. sp.4
Iberomeryx parvus n. gen. n. sp.4 Gabunia 1964 chevrotain
 Artiodactyla - Lophiomerycidae
Lophiomeryx benarensis n. sp.4
Lophiomeryx benarensis n. sp.4 Gabunia 1964 ruminant
 Artiodactyla - Entelodontidae
Paraentelodon intermedium n. gen. n. sp.3
Paraentelodon intermedium n. gen. n. sp.3 Gabunia 1964 even-toed ungulate
IPGAN 1964/56 - holotype; referred specimens: IPGAN 1964/54, 55 and 57
 Artiodactyla - Anthracotheriidae
Anthracotherium kwablianicum n. sp.3, Elomeryx sp.2, Elomeryx borbonicus3, Telmatodon sp.3
Anthracotherium kwablianicum n. sp.3 Gabunia 1964 anthracothere
Elomeryx sp.2 Marsh 1894 anthracothere
Elomeryx borbonicus3 Geais 1934 anthracothere
Telmatodon sp.3 Pilgrim 1907 anthracothere
 Creodonta - Hyaenodontidae
Hyaenodon cf. aymardi3, Hyaenodon sp.3
Hyaenodon sp.3 Laizer and Parieu 1838 creodont
 Carnivora - Mustelidae
Plesictis sp.3
Plesictis sp.3 Pomel 1846 mustelid carnivore
 Carnivora - Ursidae
Cephalogale meschethense n. sp.3
Cephalogale meschethense n. sp.3 Gabunia 1964 bear
 Carnivora - Amphicyonidae
Amphicyon sp.3
Amphicyon sp.3 Lartet 1836 bear-dog
 Carnivora - Nimravidae
Nimravus sp.3
Nimravus sp.3 Cope 1879 false sabre-tooth
 Rodentia - Cylindrodontidae
Cylindrodontidae indet.3
Cylindrodontidae indet.3 Miller and Gidley 1918 rodent
Reptilia
 Testudines - Emydidae
Clemmys sp.3
Clemmys sp.3 Ritgen 1828 turtle
 Testudines - Testudinidae
Testudo meschethica3
1Bai et al. 2018; 2Ducrocq and Lihoreau 2006; 3Gabunia 1966; 4Métais et al. 2016