Locality 11, near head of Quebrada Palmar (Permian of Venezuela)

Where: Merida, Venezuela (8.0° N, 71.4° W: paleocoordinates 5.5° S, 34.5° W)

• coordinate estimated from map

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Palmarito Formation, Kungurian (279.3 - 272.3 Ma)

• Several exotic blocks. Palmarito Fm contains Perrinites hilli and Parafusulina of Kungurian age.

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: open shallow subtidal; shelly/skeletal, gray, silty packstone and gray, calcareous siltstone

• Shallow, warm water, near wave base, over a soft substrate, in an area subject to periodic storms.
• Thin- to medium-bedded, dense, dark gray, petroliferous fossiliferous silty packstone to grainstone and thinner, fossil-poor calcareous silstone. Limestone contains both relatively unfossiliferous biomicrite and very fossiliferous muddy calcarenite (packstone/grainstone).

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: replaced with silica

Collection methods: bulk, chemical, mechanical,

• Prepared by HCl etching, dried silt removed by air abrasion. Hustedia and Composita rare in calcareous siltstone, interpreted as generalist early colonizers.

Primary reference: P.R. Hoover. 1981. Paleontology, Taphonomy, and Paleoecology of the Palmarito Formation (Permian of Venezuela). Bulletins of American Paleontology 80(313):1-138 [D. Bottjer/M. Clapham/M. Clapham]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 41516: authorized by David Bottjer, entered by Matthew Clapham on 15.07.2004

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Heteractinida
 Octactinellida - Wewokellidae
Wewokella solida Girty 1911
Demospongiae
 Agelasida - Sebargasiidae
? Amblysiphonella sp. Steinmann 1882 demosponge
 Verticillitida - Colospongiidae
Colospongia monilis Rigby 1984 demosponge
Possibly present
Hexactinellida
  -
Hexactinellida indet. Schmidt 1870 glass sponge
Root tufts
Anthozoa
 Stauriida - Lophophyllidae
Lophophyllidium sp. Grabau 1928 horn coral
Cephalopoda
 Pseudorthocerida - Pseudorthoceratidae
"cf. Mooreoceras sp." = Pseudorthoceras
"cf. Mooreoceras sp." = Pseudorthoceras Girty 1912
Polyplacophora
  -
Polyplacophora indet. de Blainville 1816 chiton
Plates
Gastropoda
  -
Gastropoda indet. Cuvier 1795 snail
Holopeiform, and new high-spired genus
 Murchisoniina - Soleniscidae
Cylindritopsis sp. Gemmellaro 1889 snail
Originally listed as Oncochilus
 Murchisoniina - Gosseletinidae
Apachella sp. Winters 1956 snail
Apachella aff. franciscana Chronic 1952 snail
Glyptotomaria sp. Knight 1945 snail
 Pleurotomariacea -
"Pleurotomariacea indet." = Pleurotomarioidea
"Pleurotomariacea indet." = Pleurotomarioidea Swainson 1840 snail
New open-coiled vermitiform genus
 Euomphalina - Microdomatidae
Glyptospira sp. Chronic 1952 snail
 Euomphalina - Euomphalidae
Cylicioscapha sp., "Straparollus (Euomphalus) aff. kaibabensis" = Euomphalus kaibabensis
Cylicioscapha sp. Yochelson 1956 snail
"Straparollus (Euomphalus) aff. kaibabensis" = Euomphalus kaibabensis Chronic 1952 snail
 Euomphalina - Anomphalidae
Anomphalus sp. Meek and Worthen 1866 snail
 Caenogastropoda - Meekospiridae
? Meekospira sp. Ulrich and Scofield 1897 snail
 Soleniscoidea - Palaeostylidae
Kinishbia sp. Winters 1956 snail
 Caenogastropoda - Orthonematidae
Orthonema sp. Meek and Worthen 1862 snail
cf. Orthonema sp. Meek and Worthen 1862 snail
New genus allied to Orthonema
Taosia sp. Girty 1939 snail
aff. Taosia sp. Girty 1939 snail
New genus aff. Taosia
 Neritoidea - Naticopsidae
"Colpites" sp. Knight 1936 snail
Bivalvia
 Arcida - Parallelodontidae
Parallelodon sp. Meek and Worthen 1866 clam
 Pectinida - Pseudomonotidae
Pegmavalvula cf. gloveri Newell and Boyd 1970 scallop
Pseudomonotis sp. von Beyrich 1862 scallop
 Pectinida - Aviculopectinidae
Aviculopecten sp. M'Coy 1851 scallop
 Pectinida - Streblochondriidae
Streblochondria sp. Newell 1938 scallop
Guizhoupecten sp. Chen 1962 scallop
 Cardiida - Kalenteridae
Pseudopermophorus sp. Ciriacks 1963 clam
 Cardiidia - Sanguinolitidae
Sanguinolites sp. M'Coy 1844 clam
 Carditida - Astartidae
Astartella sp. Hall 1858 clam
 Nuculida - Nuculidae
Nuculopsis sp. Girty 1912 nut clam
Strophomenata
 Orthotetida - Meekellidae
Meekella skenoides Girty 1908
 Orthotetida - Derbyiidae
Derbyia cf. filosa Cooper and Grant 1974
 Productida - Paucispiniferidae
? Anemonaria cf. sublaevis King 1931
Reflects minimum estimate based on valve ratios
 Productida - Productidae
? Spinifrons cf. grandicosta Hoover 1981
cf. grandicosta n. sp.
 Productida - Productellidae
Rugatia intermedia Hoover 1981
"Kutorginella cf. umbonata" = Retaria umbonata Muir-Wood and Cooper 1960
Echinauris cf. lappacea Cooper and Grant 1975
 Productida - Linoproductidae
? Holotricharina "sp. A" Cooper and Grant 1975
 Productida - Aulostegidae
cf. Ramavectus sp. Stehli 1954
Rhamnariidae cf. Ramavectus
Rhynchonellata
 Rhynchonellida - Pontisiidae
Pontisia stehlii Cooper and Grant 1969
 Athyridida - Neoretziidae
 Athyridida - Athyrididae
Composita cf. pilula Cooper and Grant 1976
 Terebratulida - Cryptonellidae
Bryozoa
  -
Bryozoa indet. Ehrenberg 1831
Ramose forms
Stenolaemata
 Cryptostomata -
"Fenestrida indet." = Fenestelloidea
"Fenestrida indet." = Fenestelloidea Astrova and Morozova 1956
Fenestellid forms
Crinoidea
  -
Crinoidea indet. Miller 1821 Sea lily
Columnals