Vazhakala (Pleistocene of India)

Where: Kerala, India (10.0° N, 76.3° E: paleocoordinates 10.0° N, 76.3° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Late/Upper Pleistocene (0.1 - 0.0 Ma)

• >35000 YBP (14C)

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: perireef or subreef; limestone

Size class: macrofossils

Primary reference: C. S. G. Pillai, K. K. Appukuttan, and P. Kaladharan. 1999. Occurence of submerged Pleistocene stony corals and marine molluscs at Vazhakala near Cochin and their significance on sea level changes. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 28:96-98 [W. Kiessling/U. Merkel]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 107971: authorized by Wolfgang Kiessling, entered by Uta Merkel on 19.04.2011

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names
Anthozoa
 Scleractinia - Poritidae
Porites sp.
Porites sp. Link 1807 stony coral
 Scleractinia - Acroporidae
"Acropora formosa" = Acropora muricata, Montipora tuberculosa
"Acropora formosa" = Acropora muricata Linnaeus 1758 stony coral
Montipora tuberculosa Lamarck 1816 stony coral
 Scleractinia - Pocilloporidae
Pocillopora damicornis, Pocillopora verrucosa
Pocillopora damicornis Linnaeus 1758 stony coral
Pocillopora verrucosa Ellis and Solander 1786 stony coral
 Scleractinia - Merulinidae
Platygyra lamellina, "Favia pallida" = Dipsastraea pallida, Goniastrea retiformis, Leptoria phrygia
Platygyra lamellina Ehrenberg 1834 stony coral
"Favia pallida" = Dipsastraea pallida Dana 1846 stony coral
Goniastrea retiformis Lamarck 1816 stony coral
Leptoria phrygia Ellis and Solander 1786 stony coral
 Scleractinia - Leptastreidae
Leptastrea transversa
Leptastrea transversa Klunzinger 1879 stony coral
 Scleractinia - Euphylliidae
Galaxea astreata
Galaxea astreata Lamarck 1816 stony coral
 Scleractinia - Caryophylliidae
Heterocyathus aequicostatus
Heterocyathus aequicostatus Milne-Edwards and Haime 1848 stony coral
Gastropoda
 Sorbeoconcha - Naticidae
"Polynices sp." = Polinices, Natica sp.
"Polynices sp." = Polinices Monfort 1810 moon snail
Natica sp. Scopoli 1777 moon snail
 Neogastropoda - Mitridae
Mitra sp.
Mitra sp. Lamarck 1798 mitre shell
 Neogastropoda - Cochlespiridae
Cochlespira sp.
Cochlespira sp. Conrad 1865 snail
 Neogastropoda - Conidae
Conus sp., "Conus figulinus" = Conus (Dendroconus) figulinus
Conus sp. Linnaeus 1758 cone shell
"Conus figulinus" = Conus (Dendroconus) figulinus Linnaeus 1758 cone shell
 Neogastropoda - Turridae
Brachytoma crenularis
 Neogastropoda - Nassariidae
Nassarius sp., Bullia sp.
Nassarius sp. Duméril 1806 snail
Bullia sp. Gray 1834 snail
 Neogastropoda - Marginellidae
Marginella sp.
Marginella sp. Lamarck 1799 margin shell
 Neogastropoda - Muricidae
Murex sp., Thais rugosa
Murex sp. Linnaeus 1758 murex snail
Thais rugosa murex snail
 Neogastropoda - Turbinellidae
"Xancus pyrum" = Turbinella pyrum
"Xancus pyrum" = Turbinella pyrum Linnaeus 1758 snail
 Neogastropoda - Cancellariidae
"Olivia sp." = Cancellaria (Olivia)
"Olivia sp." = Cancellaria (Olivia) snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Cypraeidae
Cypraea sp., Cypraea tigris, "Cypraea ocellata" = Erosaria ocellata
Cypraea sp. Linnaeus 1758 cowry
Cypraea tigris Linnaeus 1758 cowry
"Cypraea ocellata" = Erosaria ocellata Linnaeus 1758 cowry
Cypraea coellata
 Sorbeoconcha - Strombidae
Strombus marginatus, Strombus sp.
Strombus sp. Linnaeus 1758 conch
 Sorbeoconcha - Ranellidae
"Cymatium pileare" = Monoplex pilearis
"Cymatium pileare" = Monoplex pilearis Linnaeus 1758 triton shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Cassidae
Phalium glaucum
Phalium glaucum Linnaeus 1758 snail
 Cerithioidea - Turritellidae
Turritella acutangula
 Trochoidea - Turbinidae
"Turbo intercostalis" = Turbo (Marmarostoma) intercostalis
"Turbo intercostalis" = Turbo (Marmarostoma) intercostalis Menke 1829 snail
 Trochoidea - Trochidae
Calliostoma sp.
Calliostoma sp. Swainson 1840 top snail
Scaphopoda
 Dentaliida - Dentaliidae
Dentalium rectum
Dentalium rectum tusk shell
Bivalvia
 Nuculanida - Nuculanidae
Nuculana sp.
Nuculana sp. Link 1807 pointed nut clam
 Cardiida - Cardiidae
Cardium sp.
Cardium sp. Linnaeus 1758 cockle
 Cardiida - Tellinidae
Tellina sp.
Tellina sp. Linnaeus 1758 tellin clam
 Cardiida - Donacidae
Donax scortum, Donax sp.
Donax sp. Linnaeus 1758 clam
 Cardiida - Veneridae
Venus sp.
Venus sp. Linnaeus 1758 venus clam
 Cardiida - Chamidae
Chama sp.
Chama sp. Linnaeus 1758 jewel box
 Cardiida - Mactridae
Mactra sp.
Mactra sp. Linnaeus 1767 clam
 Solenida - Solenidae
Solen sp.
Solen sp. Linnaeus 1758 clam
 Solenida - Pharidae
Siliqua sp.
Siliqua sp. Mühlfeld 1811 clam
 Carditida - Carditidae
Cardita bicolor, Venericardia sp.
Venericardia sp. Lamarck 1801 clam
 Arcida - Arcidae
"Arca fusca" = Barbatia (Ustularca) fusca, Arca sp.
"Arca fusca" = Barbatia (Ustularca) fusca Bruguiére 1792 clam
Arca sp. Linnaeus 1758 ark
 Pectinida - Pectinoidae
Chlamys lacteus, Chlamys gloriosus, "Chlamys leopardus" = Annachlamys flabellatus
"Chlamys leopardus" = Annachlamys flabellatus Lamarck 1819 scallop