P-4, Maple Hill (Eocene of the United States)

Where: Pender County, North Carolina (34.6° N, 77.7° W: paleocoordinates 34.5° N, 68.5° W)

• coordinate estimated from map

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Periarchus lyelli zone, Comfort Member (Castle Hayne Formation), Bartonian (41.3 - 38.0 Ma)

• This collection is from the upper part of the formation. According to Powell and Baum, this collection could also fall under the Crassatella alta/Chlamys cawcawensis faunal zone, although the beginning of the C. alta zone is questionable due to unconformity.

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: deep subtidal ramp; lithified, shelly/skeletal wackestone and grainstone

• The Castle Hayne Limestone was deposited in an open, normal salinity environment between 30 m and 100 m in water depth. Comfort Member contains cross-bedded intervals, suggesting some energy, consistent with deep subtidal environment.
• a bryozoan biosparrudite facies that interfingers with and is gradational with the overlying biomicrudite facies. (from baum et al. 1978)

Size class: macrofossils

Primary reference: R. J. Powell and G. R. Baum. 1982. Eocene biostratigraphy of South Carolina and its relationship to Gulf Coastal Plain zonations and global changes of coastal onlap. Geological Society of America Bulletin 93:1099-1108 [A. Miller/K. Layou]more details

Purpose of describing collection: biostratigraphic analysis

PaleoDB collection 5366: authorized by Arnold Miller, entered by Karen Layou on 27.09.1999

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names
unclassified
  -
Eupatagas carolinensis, Pecchiola dalliana
Crinoidea
 Comatulida - Bourgueticrinidae
Democrinus sp.
Democrinus sp. Perrier 1883 Feather star
Echinoidea
 Cidaroida - Cidaridae
Cidaris pratti
Cidaris pratti Clark and Twitchell 1915 pencil urchin
 Spatangoida - Schizasteridae
Linthia wilmingtonensis, Linthia hanoverensis, Agassizia wilmingtonica
Linthia wilmingtonensis Clark and Twitchell 1915 heart urchin
Linthia hanoverensis Kellum 1926 heart urchin
Agassizia wilmingtonica Cooke 1942 heart urchin
 Spatangoida - Prenasteridae
Unifascia carolinensis
Unifascia carolinensis Clark and Twitchell 1915 heart urchin
 Spatangoida - Spatangidae
Maretia subrostrata
Maretia subrostrata heart urchin
 Clypeasteroida - Fibulariidae
Echinocyamus sp.
Echinocyamus sp. van Phelsum 1774 sand dollar
[entered as Echinocyamis sp.]
 Clypeasteroida - Protoscutellidae
Periarchus lyelli, Protoscutella plana
Periarchus lyelli Conrad 1834 sand dollar
Protoscutella plana Conrad 1865 sand dollar
 Cassiduloida - Neolampadidae
Eurhodia rugosa
Eurhodia rugosa Ravenel 1848 sea urchin
 Arbacioida - Arbaciidae
Coelopleurus infulatus
Coelopleurus infulatus Morton 1833 sea urchin
Asteroidea
 Valvatida - Goniasteridae
Recurvaster sp.
Recurvaster sp. Brünnich-Nielsen 1943 sea star
Malacostraca
 Decapoda - Raninidae
Ranina sp. n. gen.
Ranina sp. n. gen. Feldmann et al. 1996 crab
 Decapoda - Menippidae
? Menippe sp.
? Menippe sp. De Haan 1833 crab
Rhynchonellata
 Rhynchonellida - Basiliolidae
Probolarina salpinx, "Probolarina holmesii" = Probolarina holmesi
"Probolarina holmesii" = Probolarina holmesi Dall 1903
 Terebratulida - Terebratulidae
"Terebratula wilmingtonensis" = Plicatoria wilmingtonensis
"Terebratula wilmingtonensis" = Plicatoria wilmingtonensis Lyell and Sowerby 1845
 Terebratulida - Cancellothyrididae
Terebratulina spp.
Terebratulina spp. d'Orbigny 1847
 Terebratulida - Megathyrididae
Argyrotheca sp.
Argyrotheca sp. Dall 1900
Cephalopoda
 Nautilida - Aturiidae
"Aturia alabamanensis" = Aturia alabamensis
"Aturia alabamanensis" = Aturia alabamensis Morton 1834
 Nautilida - Nautilidae
Eutrephoceras carolinensis
  -
Belosaepia sp.
Belosaepia sp. Voltz 1830
Bivalvia
 Nuculida - Nuculidae
"Nucula spheniopsis" = Nucula (Nucula) sphenopsis
"Nucula spheniopsis" = Nucula (Nucula) sphenopsis Conrad 1865 nut clam
 Pectinida - Pectinoidae
Eburneopecten scintillatus, Chlamys spp., Chlamys membranosus, Chlamys deshayesii, Chlamys cookei, Placopecten ? spp.
Eburneopecten scintillatus Conrad 1854 scallop
Chlamys spp. Röding 1798 scallop
Chlamys deshayesii Lea 1833 scallop
Chlamys cookei Kellum 1926 scallop
Placopecten ? spp. Verrill 1897 scallop
 Pectinida - Plicatulidae
Plicatula filamentosa
Plicatula filamentosa Conrad 1833 scallop
 Ostreida - Ostreidae
Ostrea sp., Cubitostrea sp.
Ostrea sp. Linnaeus 1758 oyster
Cubitostrea sp. Sacco 1897 oyster
 Ostreida - Gryphaeidae
Gigantostrea trigonalis
Gigantostrea trigonalis Conrad 1854 oyster
 Arcida - Arcidae
Barbatia cf. cuculloides, Barbatia rhomboidella
Barbatia cf. cuculloides Conrad 1833 clam
Barbatia cf. B. cuculloides
Barbatia rhomboidella Lea 1833 clam
 Carditida - Carditidae
Venericardia spp., "Venericardia cf. nasuta" = Venericardia (Claibornicardia) nasuta
Venericardia spp. Lamarck 1801 clam
"Venericardia cf. nasuta" = Venericardia (Claibornicardia) nasuta Dall 1903 clam
Venericardia cf. V. nasuta
 Carditida - Crassatellidae
Crassatella cf. texalta
Crassatella cf. texalta Harris 1895 clam
Crassatella cf. C. texalta
 Lucinida - Lucinidae
Lucina sp.
Lucina sp. Bruguière 1797 clam
 Solenida - Solenidae
Solena sp.
Solena sp. Mörch 1853 clam
 Pholadida - Corbulidae
Caryocorbula sp.
Caryocorbula sp. Gardner 1926 clam
 Cardiida - Chamidae
Chama sp., Chama richardsi
Chama sp. Linnaeus 1758 jewel box
Chama sp. a
Chama richardsi jewel box
 Cardiida - Veneridae
Pitar sp.
Pitar sp. Römer 1857 venus clam
 Cardiida - Cardiidae
Cardiidae indet.
Cardiidae indet. Lamarck 1809 cockle
 Pholadomyida - Pholadomyidae
Pholadomya sp.
Pholadomya sp. Sowerby 1823 clam
Scaphopoda
 Dentaliida - Dentaliidae
Dentalium sp.
Dentalium sp. Linnaeus 1758 tusk shell
Gastropoda
 Neotaenioglossa - Calyptraeidae
Crucibulum sp., Calyptraea sp.
Crucibulum sp. Schumacher 1817 slipper shell
Calyptraea sp. Lamarck 1799 slipper shell
 Epitonioidea - Epitoniidae
Epitonium sp.
Epitonium sp. Bolten 1798 wentletrap
 Cerithioidea - Turritellidae
Turritella spp.
Turritella spp. Lamarck 1799 turret shell
 Cerithioidea - Siliquariidae
Tenagodus cf. vitus
Tenagodus cf. vitus snail
Tenagodus cf. T. vitus
 Sorbeoconcha - Ficidae
"Ficopsis sp." = Ficus
"Ficopsis sp." = Ficus Röding 1798 fig shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Cassidae
Phalium sp., Sconsia sp.
Phalium sp. Link 1807 snail
Sconsia sp. Gray 1847 snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Xenophoridae
Xenophora sp.
Xenophora sp. Fischer von Waldheim 1807 carrier shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Cypraeidae
Cypraea sp.
Cypraea sp. Linnaeus 1758 cowry
 Neogastropoda - Olivellidae
Agaronia sp.
Agaronia sp. Gray 1839 snail
 Neogastropoda - Conidae
Conus sp.
Conus sp. Linnaeus 1758 cone shell
 Neogastropoda - Mitridae
Fusimitra sp.
Fusimitra sp. Conrad 1855 mitre shell
 Neogastropoda - Marginellidae
Marginella sp.
Marginella sp. Lamarck 1799 margin shell
 Neogastropoda - Volutidae
Caricella sp.
Caricella sp. Conrad 1835 volute
 Sorbeoconcha - Strombidae
Strombus sp.
Strombus sp. Linnaeus 1758 conch
 Lepetellida - Fissurellidae
Diodora sp., Emarginula sp., Puncturella sp.
Diodora sp. Gray 1821 snail
Emarginula sp. Lamarck 1801 snail
Puncturella sp. Lowe 1827 puncturella
 Pleurotomarioidea - Pleurotomariidae
Pleurotomaria sp.
Pleurotomaria sp. Defrance 1826 snail
 Heterostropha - Architectonicidae
Architectonica sp.
Architectonica sp. Röding 1798 sundial
Anthozoa
 Scleractinia - Flabellidae
Flabellum sp.
Flabellum sp. Lesson 1831 stony coral
 Scleractinia - Dendrophylliidae
Balanophyllia sp., Endopachys sp.
Balanophyllia sp. Wood 1844 stony coral
Endopachys sp. Lonsdale 1845 stony coral
 Scleractinia - Merulinidae
Cladocora sp.
Cladocora sp. Ehrenberg 1834 stony coral