Where: Lebanon (34.0° N, 35.8° E: paleocoordinates 33.6° N, 35.4° E)
• coordinate estimated from map
When: Late/Upper Miocene (11.6 - 5.3 Ma)
Environment/lithology: lacustrine - large; lithified, silty, sandy, conglomeratic marl
•" a) Greyish-blue compact clays with tiny quartz grains, comprising fragments of carbonized plants; locality with fragments of chitinous insect skeletons.
• b) Greyish-blue, clayey, very hard marls with fossil remains of mammals, turtles, fishes, molluscs, and ostracods.
• c) Yellowish-brown sandy marls with gravel, gastropod remains, etc.
•The thickness of these deposits (a-c) is about 2 m and the are slightly inclined towards the west-northwest (pg. 666)".
Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils
Primary reference: M. Malez and A. Forsten. 1989. Hipparion from the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon. Géobios 22(5):665-670 [J. Head/J. Head/J. Alroy]more details
Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis
PaleoDB collection 34399: authorized by Jason Head, entered by Jason Head on 29.08.2003
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
Mammalia | |
"Deinotherium sp." = Dinotherium
| |
Hipparion sp. 1 de Christol 1832 hipparionine horse
Hipparion sp. 2 de Christol 1832 hipparionine horse | |
Sus erymanthius pig | |
Palaeoryx cf. malori, Hemistrepsiceros zitteli, Tragocerus amaltheus, Tragocerus sp., Protoryx sp., "Pseudotragus cf. capricornis" = Protoryx capricornis, Palaeoreas lindermayeri, Gazella sp.
Palaeoryx cf. malori antelope
Hemistrepsiceros zitteli antelope
Tragocerus amaltheus antelope
Tragocerus sp. Gaudry 1861 antelope
Protoryx sp. Forsyth Major 1891 antelope
"Pseudotragus cf. capricornis" = Protoryx capricornis Schlosser 1904 antelope
Palaeoreas lindermayeri Wagner 1848 antelope
Gazella sp. Blaineville 1816 gazelle | |
Reptilia | |
Testudo sp. Linnaeus 1758 turtle | |
Gastropoda | |
Hydrobia fraasi snail | |
Melanopsis sp. Férussac 1807 snail | |
Planorbis major snail
Planorbis umbilicatus snail
"Planorbis cornu" = Planorbarius cornu Brongniart 1810 snail | |
Neritina sp. Lamarck 1816 snail |