Crato (SMNS collection) (Cretaceous of Brazil)

Where: Ceará, Brazil (7.1° S, 39.7° W: paleocoordinates 8.6° S, 8.0° W)

• coordinate estimated from map

• local area-level geographic resolution

When: Crato Formation (Santana Group), Late/Upper Aptian (122.5 - 113.0 Ma)

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: lacustrine - large; lithified carbonate

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Preservation: adpression

Reposited in the SMNS

Collection methods: surface (in situ)

• Staatliches Museum fur Naturkunde, Stuttgart. Specimens were presumably purchased or donated.

Primary reference: V. N. Makarkin and F. Menon. 2007. First record of fossil "rapismatid-like" Ithonidae (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil. Cretaceous Research 28:743-753 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 122557: authorized by Matthew Clapham, entered by Matthew Clapham on 03.01.2012, edited by Erin Leckey, Jered Karr and Anissa Benabbas

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Insecta
 Odonata - Thaumatoneuridae
Euarchistigma peterknobli n. sp.4 Bechly 2010 damselfly
SMNS 66823
 Odonata -
Santanagrion longipes n. gen. n. sp.4
Santanagrion longipes n. gen. n. sp.4 Bechly 2010 damselfly
SMNS 66803b
 Odonata - Hemiphlebiidae
Parahemiphlebia mickoleiti2 Bechly 1998 greenling
SMNS 63072
 Odonata - Protoneuridae
Eoprotoneura hyperstigma26 Carle and Wighton 1990 damselfly
SMNS 66386
 Odonata -
? Cretarchistigma essweini n. sp.2 Bechly 1998 damselfly
SMNS 63071
 Odonata - Aeschnidiidae
Santanoptera gabbotti26 Martill and Nel 1996 small darner
SMNS 66609
Wightonia araripina26 Carle and Wighton 1990 small darner
SMNS 66610,66611
 Odonata - Proterogomphidae
Cratogomphus erraticus n. gen. n. sp.4 Bechly 2010 true dragonfly
SMNS 66606a/b (old L43/L17)
Cratogomphus cf. erraticus4 Bechly 2010 true dragonfly
SMNS 63070
Paracordulagomphus aberrans4 Bechly 2010 true dragonfly
SMNS 66614
Cordulagomphus (Procordulagomphus) xavieri26 Nel and Escuillé 1994 true dragonfly
SMNS 66391
Cordulagomphus fenestratus26 Carle and Wighton 1990 true dragonfly
SMNS C13
Cordulagomphus hanneloreae n. sp.26 Bechly 2007 true dragonfly
SMNS 66591 (old O21)
Cordulagomphus winkelhoferi n. sp.26 Bechly 2007 true dragonfly
SMNS 66607 (old M58)
 Odonata - Megaphlebiidae
Megaphlebia rayandressi n. gen. n. sp.4
Megaphlebia rayandressi n. gen. n. sp.4 Bechly 2010 true dragonfly
SMNS 66617 (old R6)
 Odonata - Hageniidae
Cratohagenius erichweberi n. gen. n. sp.4
Cratohagenius erichweberi n. gen. n. sp.4 Bechly 2010 true dragonfly
SMNS 66615a/b (old H71a/M71b), 66612 (old R5), 66592 (old H29), 66390 (old E100401)
 Odonata - Cratopetaliidae
Cratopetalia whiteheadi n. gen. n. sp.4
Cratopetalia whiteheadi n. gen. n. sp.4 Bechly 2010 true dragonfly
SMNS 66389
 Odonata - Cretapetaluridae
Cratopetalura petruleviciusi4 Nel and Bechly 2009 true dragonfly
SMNS 66567
 Odonata - Mesuropetalidae
Paraeschnopsis brasiliensis n. gen. n. sp.4 Bechly 2010 true dragonfly
SMNS 63648 (old E100404)
 Odonata - Liupanshaniidae
Paramesuropetala gigantea4 Bechly et al. 2001 true dragonfly
SMNS 66613
Araripeliupanshania annesuseae6 Bechly et al. 2001 true dragonfly
SMNS 64343, 64345, 66616
 Odonata - Gomphaeschnidae
Paramorbaeschna araripensis n. gen. n. sp.6, Gomphaeschnaoides magnus26, "Gomphaeschnaoides obliquus" = Gomphaeschnaoides obliquus26, "Gomphaeschna obliqua" = Gomphaeschnaoides obliquus6
Paramorbaeschna araripensis n. gen. n. sp.6 Bechly et al. 2001 true dragonfly
SMNS 63068, 64218
Gomphaeschnaoides magnus26 Bechly et al. 2001 true dragonfly
SMNS 64344
"Gomphaeschnaoides obliquus" = Gomphaeschnaoides obliquus26 Wighton 1987 true dragonfly
SMNS 63069
"Gomphaeschna obliqua" = Gomphaeschnaoides obliquus6 Wighton 1987 true dragonfly
SMNS 63069
 Odonata - Gomphidae
Cratolindenia knuepfae n. gen. n. sp.3
Cratolindenia knuepfae n. gen. n. sp.3 Bechly 2000 clubtail dragonfly
SMNS 64414
 Odonata - Araripegomphidae
Araripegomphus hanseggeri n. sp.3 Bechly 2000 true dragonfly
SMNS 64415, 6
Araripegomphus andreneli n. sp.2 Bechly 1998 true dragonfly
SMNS 63651
 Odonata - Araripephlebiidae
Araripephlebia mirabilis26 Bechly 1998 true dragonfly
SMNS 66618
 Coxoplectoptera - Mickoleitiidae
Mickoleitia sp.37 Staniczek et al. 2011 mayfly
putative larvae
Mickoleitia longimanus n. gen. n. sp.37 Staniczek et al. 2011 mayfly
 Ephemerida -
Cretereisma sp.26 Willmann 2007 mayfly
SMNS 66547-9, 66599-605, 66673-5
Cretereisma schwickertorum n. sp.26 Willmann 2007 mayfly
SMNS 66598
Cretereisma antiqua n. gen. n. sp.26 Willmann 2007 mayfly
SMNS 66546 (old 28)
 Dicondylia -
Ephemeroptera indet.26 Hyatt and Arms 1890 mayfly
SMNS 66622, 66625
 Ephemeroptera - Baetiscidae
Protobaetisca bechlyi n. gen. n. sp.26
Protobaetisca bechlyi n. gen. n. sp.26 Staniczek 2007 armored mayfly
SMNS 66620
 Ephemeroptera - Leptophlebiidae
? Leptophlebiidae "sp. 1"26 Banks 1900 mayfly
SMNS 66639 (species 1 of McCafferty, 1990)
 Ephemeroptera - Euthyplociidae
Pristiplocia rupestris26 McCafferty 1990 mayfly
SMNS 66541 (adult), 66539, 66621 (adults)
 Ephemeroptera - Oligoneuriidae
Incogemina nubila38 Storari et al. 2020 mayfly
SMNS 66623 (initially described as putative adult of Colocrus magnum)
Colocrus indivicum26 McCafferty 1990 mayfly
SMNS 66538, 66619
? Colocrus magnum n. sp.26 Staniczek 2007 mayfly
SMNS 66624
 Ephemeroptera - Hexagenitidae
Protoligoneuria limai26 Demoulin 1955 mayfly
SMNS 66536, 66537, 66635, ?66635 (putative adult)
 Ephemeroptera -
Ephemeroidea indet.26 Latreille 1810 mayfly
SMNS 66630, 66634
 Hymenoptera - Sepulcidae
Prosyntexis gouleti17 Sharkey 1990 stem sawfly
SMNS 66301, 66698a/b
 Hymenoptera - Sapygidae
Cretofedtschenkia santanensis n. gen. n. sp.26 Osten 2007 wasp
SMNS 66594
 Hymenoptera - Ampulicidae
Ampulicidae indet.26 Shuckard 1840 cockroach wasp
SMNS 66291
Cariridris bipetiolata26 Brandão and Martins-Neto 1990 cockroach wasp
SMNS 66565
 Hymenoptera - Angarosphecidae
Cretobestiola sp.26 Pulawski and Rasnitsyn 2000 apoid wasp
SMNS 66297
 Hymenoptera - Vespidae
Vespidae indet.26 Latreille 1802 wasp
SMNS 66295
 Hymenoptera -
Parviformosus wohlrabeae n. gen. n. sp.1
Parviformosus wohlrabeae n. gen. n. sp.1 Barling et al. 2013 wasp
SMNS 70902
 Neuroptera - Mesochrysopidae
Triangulochrysopa formosa n. sp.31 Menon and Makarkin 2008 lacewing
SMNS 66000/271
Karenina leilana n. sp.24 Makarkin and Menon 2005 lacewing
SMNS 65506
Karenina longicollis n. sp.24 Makarkin and Menon 2005 lacewing
SMNS 65505
 Neuroptera - Ithonidae
Principiala incerta n. gen. Makarkin and Menon 2007 moth lacewing
SMNS 66000/255
 Neuroptera - Myrmeleontidae
Pseudonymphes ? brunherottae25 Martins-Neto 1994 antlion
SMNS 66000/256
 Neuroptera - Myrmeleontoidae
Parapalaeoleon magnus n. gen. n. sp.31 Menon and Makarkin 2008 lacewing
SMNS 66000/268
Baisopardus cryptohymen n. sp.15 Heads et al. 2005 lacewing
SMNS 65470
Araripeneura sp.25 Martins-Neto and Vulcano 1989 lacewing
SMNS 66000/262
Araripeneura regia25 Martins-Neto and Vulcano 1989 lacewing
SMNS 66000/259
Cratoneura dividens25 Martins-Neto 1994 lacewing
SMNS 66000/265
 Neuroptera - Rafaelianidae
"Rafaelia minima" = Rafaeliana minima32
"Rafaelia minima" = Rafaeliana minima32 Nel et al. 2005 lacewing
 Neuroptera - Babinskaiidae
Neliana maculata23 Martins-Neto and Vulcano 1989 lacewing
SMNS 66000/257
 Neuroptera - Kalligrammatidae
Makarkinia kerneri n. sp.5 Bechly and Makarkin 2016 lacewing
SMNS 70287
 Neuroptera - Osmylidae
Nuddsia longiantennata n. gen. n. sp.31
Nuddsia longiantennata n. gen. n. sp.31 Menon and Makarkin 2008 lance lacewing
SMNS 66000/263
 Megaloptera - Corydalidae
Lithocorydalus fuscata n. gen. n. sp.18, Cratocorydalopsis brasiliensis n. gen. n. sp.18
Lithocorydalus fuscata n. gen. n. sp.18 Jepson and Heads 2016 dobsonfly
SMNS 66000-248 (Megaloptera, fig. 11.69c in Martins-Neto et al., 2007)
Cratocorydalopsis brasiliensis n. gen. n. sp.18 Jepson and Heads 2016 dobsonfly
SMNS 66000-247 (Megaloptera, fig. 11.69b in Martins-Neto et al., 2007)
 Coleoptera - Cupedidae
Cupedidae indet.45 Laporte 1836 reticulated beetle
SMNS 66552
 Coleoptera - Ommatidae
Ommatidae indet.45 Sharp and Muir 1912 beetle
SMNS 66456
 Coleoptera - Hydrophilidae
Hydrophilidae indet.45 Latreille 1802 water scavenger beetle
SMNS 66446
 Coleoptera - Staphylinidae
Apticax solidus n. sp.36, Apticax volans n. gen. n. sp.36
Apticax solidus n. sp.36 Schomann and Solodovnikov 2012 rove beetle
SMNS 66453
Apticax volans n. gen. n. sp.36 Schomann and Solodovnikov 2012 rove beetle
SMNS 66452
 Coleoptera - Scarabaeidae
Scarabaeidae indet.45 Latreille 1802 scarab beetle
SMNS 66458
 Coleoptera - Chrysomelidae
Eumolpinae indet.45 Hope 1840 leaf beetle
SMNS 66471
 Coleoptera - Nemonychidae
Cratonemonyx martinsnetoi11 Legalov 2014 pine flower snout beetle
SMNS 66553 Cratonemonyx martinsnetoi
 Coleoptera - Attelabidae
Rhynchitinae indet.45 Gistel 1848 tooth-nosed snout weevil
SMNS 66449
 Coleoptera - Peltidae
Peltinae indet.45 Kirby 1837 shield beetle
SMNS 66467
 Coleoptera - Lymexylidae
Cratoatractocerus grimaldii n. gen. n. sp.44
Cratoatractocerus grimaldii n. gen. n. sp.44 Wolf-Schwenninger 2011 ship-timber beetle
SMNS-66534
 Coleoptera - Tenebrionidae
? Tenebrionidae indet.45 Latreille 1802 darkling beetle
SMNS 66472
 Coleoptera - Cucujidae
Cucujidae indet.45 Latreille 1802 beetle
SMNS 66468, 66469
 Coleoptera - Nitidulidae
Nitidulidae indet.45 Latreille 1802 sap beetle
SMNS 66470
 Coleoptera - Buprestidae
Buprestidae indet.45 Leach 1815 jewel beetle
SMNS 66461
 Coleoptera - Mastigocoleidae
Mastigocoleus rhinoceros n. sp.39 Tihelka and Cai 2022 beetle
SMNS 66552
 Coleoptera - Elateridae
Elateridae indet.45 Leach 1815 click beetle
SMNS 66465
 Hemiptera - Hydrometridae
Christometra paradoxa33 Pêgas et al. 2017 marsh treader
SMNS 64654 (old numbers 218 and 147)
Incertametra santanensis n. gen. n. sp.34 Perez Goodwyn 2002 marsh treader
SMNS 64652, 64653
 Hemiptera - Belostomatidae
Neponymphes godoii35 Zamboni 2001 giant water bug
SMNS 66593
 Hemiptera -
Cratonepa enigmatica n. gen. n. sp.16
Cratonepa enigmatica n. gen. n. sp.16 Jattiot et al. 2012 true bug
SMNS 66380
 Hemiptera - Gelastocoridae
Cratonerthra estevezae n. sp.22 López Ruf and Goodwyn 2005 toad bug
SMNS 65416
 Hemiptera - Tettigarctidae
Tettagalma striata n. gen. n. sp.27
Tettagalma striata n. gen. n. sp.27 Menon 2005 hairy cicada
SMNS 65507
 Hemiptera - Palaeontinidae
Parawonnacottella penneyi n. sp.30 Menon et al. 2005 true bug
SMNS 65504
Colossocossus loveridgei n. gen. n. sp.30 Menon et al. 2005 true bug
SMNS 65502
Colossocossus rugosa n. sp.30 Menon et al. 2005 true bug
SMNS 65503
Colossocossus bechlyi n. sp.29 Menon and Heads 2005 true bug
SMNS 65548
Baeocossus fortunatus n. sp.29 Menon and Heads 2005 true bug
SMNS 65546, 65547
 Orthoptera - Proscopiidae
Eoproscopia martilli n. gen. n. sp.14
Eoproscopia martilli n. gen. n. sp.14 Heads 2008 grasshopper
SMNS 66000-135
 Dermaptera - Anisolabididae
Kotejalabis haeuseri n. sp.26 Haas 2007 earwig
SMNS 66557
Kotejalabis goethitica26 Engel and Chatzimanolis 2005 earwig
SMNS 66515
Cratoborellia gorbi n. gen. n. sp.26 Haas 2007 earwig
SMNS 66556
 Dermaptera -
Caririlabia berghoffi n. sp.26 Haas 2007 earwig
SMNS 66555
 Alienoptera - Alienopteridae
Vcelesvab cratocretokrat n. gen. n. sp.40
Vcelesvab cratocretokrat n. gen. n. sp.40 Vršanský et al. 2018 winged insect
SNMS 66645
 Alienoptera - Umenocoleidae
Cratovitisma oldreadi n. gen. n. sp.26, "Ponopterix axelrodi" = Ponopterix axelrodi26, "Ponopterix maxima n. sp." = Ponopterix axelrodi26
Cratovitisma oldreadi n. gen. n. sp.26 Bechly 2007 winged insect
SMNS 66000-127
"Ponopterix axelrodi" = Ponopterix axelrodi26 Vršanský and Grimaldi 1999 winged insect
SMNS 66326, 66329, 66334-36, 66338
"Ponopterix maxima n. sp." = Ponopterix axelrodi26 Vršanský and Grimaldi 1999 winged insect
SMNS 66332, 66323, 66324, 66325, 66327, 66328, 66330, 66331, 66332, 66333, 66337, 66562, 67574
 Blattodea - Cratomastotermitidae
Cratomastotermes wolfschwenningeri n. gen. n. sp.26 Bechly 2007 termite
SMNS 66186-66188, ?66189
 Blattodea -
Mariconitermes talicei26 Fontes and Vulcano 1998 termite
SMNS 66193, 66194
 Blattodea - Kalotermitidae
Cratokalotermes santanensis n. gen. n. sp.26
Cratokalotermes santanensis n. gen. n. sp.26 Bechly 2007 termite
SMNS 66195
 Blattodea -
Meiatermes hariolus13, "Nordestinatermes araripena" = Meiatermes araripena26, "Cretatermes pereirai" = Meiatermes araripena26, Cretarhinotermes novaolindense n. gen. n. sp.26
Meiatermes hariolus13 Grimaldi 2008 termite
SMNS 66190 (part of Nordestinatermes araripena in Bechly, 2007)
"Nordestinatermes araripena" = Meiatermes araripena26 Krishna 1990 termite
SMNS 66191,66192
"Cretatermes pereirai" = Meiatermes araripena26 Krishna 1990 termite
SMNS 66517
Cretarhinotermes novaolindense n. gen. n. sp.26 Bechly 2007 termite
SMNS 66196, 66197
 Blattodea - Blattulidae
Elisama hindwingnii n. sp.21, "Elisama brevis" = Elisama brevis21, "Elisama americana" = Elisama brevis26, Ocelloblattula santanensis n. sp.21
Elisama hindwingnii n. sp.21 Lee 2016 cockroach
SMNS 67573
"Elisama brevis" = Elisama brevis21 Mendes 2000 cockroach
SMNS 67563, 67564, 67565, 67566, 67567, 67568, 67569, 67570, 67571, 67572
"Elisama americana" = Elisama brevis26 Mendes 2000 cockroach
SMNS 66000-125, 66316
Ocelloblattula santanensis n. sp.21 Lee 2016 cockroach
SMNS 66558
 Blattodea - Mesoblattinidae
Perlucipecta santanensis n. sp.21 Lee 2016 cockroach
SMNS 66321, 66308, 66309
 Blattodea - Ectobiidae
"Mesoblattina limai" = Piniblattella limai26, Piniblattella magna n. sp.21
"Mesoblattina limai" = Piniblattella limai26 Pinto and Purper 1986 cockroach
SMNS 66312, 66314, 66315, 66319, 66322
Piniblattella magna n. sp.21 Lee 2016 cockroach
SMNS 66313, 66317, 66318
 Mantodea - Santanmantidae
Santanmantis axelrodi12 Grimaldi 2003 mantis
SMNS 112-115, 172 (112 is now SMNS 66677; Lee 2014)
 Mantodea -
Cretophotina santanensis n. sp.20 Lee 2014 mantis
SMNS 67583
 Dicondylia - Chresmodidae
Chresmoda neotropica n. sp.7 Engel and Heads 2008 winged insect
SMNS 66000-13
 Diptera - Zhangsolvidae
"Cratomyoides cretacicus n. gen. n. sp." = Cratomyia cretacica26, "Cratomyiidae indet." = Zhangsolvidae26
"Cratomyoides cretacicus n. gen. n. sp." = Cratomyia cretacica26 Wilkommen 2007 fly
SMNS 66179
"Cratomyiidae indet." = Zhangsolvidae26 Nagatomi and Yang 1998 fly
SMNS 66180
 Diptera - Rhagionidae
? Rhagionidae indet.26 Latreille 1802 snipe fly
SMNS 66185
 Diptera - Tabanidae
Tabanidae indet.26 Latreille 1802 horse fly
SMNS 66181
 Diptera -
Asiloidea indet.26 Latreille 1802 fly
SMNS 66182 (Asilidae or Therevidae?)
 Diptera - Asilidae
Asilidae indet.26 Latreille 1802 robber fly
SMNS 66183
 Diptera - Mydidae
Cretomydas santanensis n. gen. n. sp.26
Cretomydas santanensis n. gen. n. sp.26 Wilkommen 2007 mydas fly
SMNS 66178
 Diptera - Tipulidae
Leptotarsus martinsnetoi19 Ribeiro and Lukashevich 2014 crane fly
SMNS 326
Leptotarsus grimaldii19 Ribeiro and Lukashevich 2014 crane fly
SMNS 66523
Hexapoda
 Diplura -
Ferrojapyx vivax n. gen. n. sp.43
Ferrojapyx vivax n. gen. n. sp.43 Wilson and Martill 2001 two-pronged bristletails
SMNS 64276; two additional in Staniczek & Bechly, 2007
Arachnida
 Solifugae - Ceromidae
Cratosolpuga wunderlichi10 Selden 1996 camel spider
SMNS 65417, 65418
 Amblypygi - Phrynidae
Britopygus weygoldti n. gen. n. sp.8
Britopygus weygoldti n. gen. n. sp.8 Dunlop and Martill 2002 whip spider
SMNS 64332; 66123 (in Dunlop and Barov, 2005)
 Thelyphonida - Thelyphonidae
Mesoproctus rowlandi9 Dunlop 1998 whip scorpion
SMNS 64331
 Scorpiones - Chactidae
Araripescorpius ligabuei28 Campos 1986 scorpion
SMNS 65536
 Scorpiones - Protoischnuridae
Protoischnurus axelrodorum28 de Carvalho and Lourenço 2001 scorpion
SMNS 65534, 65535
Myriapoda
 Scolopendromorpha - Scolopendridae
Cratoraricrus oberlii n. gen. n. sp.42
Cratoraricrus oberlii n. gen. n. sp.42 Wilson 2003 centipede
SMNS 64431
 Scutigeromorpha - Scutigeridae
Fulmenocursor tenax n. gen. n. sp.41
Fulmenocursor tenax n. gen. n. sp.41 Wilson 2001 centipede
SMNS 64275