Where: Livorno, Italy (43.6° N, 10.4° E: paleocoordinates 43.5° N, 10.3° E)

• coordinate stated in text

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Panchina Formation, Early/Lower Pleistocene to Early/Lower Pleistocene (2.6 - 0.0 Ma)

• The levels of interest, because of their small thickness, present to the bed a layer of about 1 meter attributed to the formation of the Blue Clay (of the geological map 1:25,000 of Livorno Province) of the marine environment, from neritic to upper bathyal and chronologically attributed to the Pliocene (Barsotti et al., 1974), and to the roof a layer of about 100-130 cm thick represented by the Red Sands of Donoratico, that may be referred to a continental environment (aeolian, colluvial and of alluvial plain) attributable to the Upper Pleistocene. This collection discusses that of the Red Sands of Donoratico.

Environment/lithology: marine; poorly lithified, sandy, carbonaceous limestone and graded, blue claystone

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils, microfossils

Collection methods: sieve

• The largest molluscs were collected manually in the various levels of the section, while, by sieving approximately 5 dm³ of the reddish sand interspersed with and included within the limestone, some species smaller in size have been identified; the poor state of conservation of this finer fraction allowed us to find only a few specimens.

Primary reference: A. Ciampalini, M. Forli, and F. Sammartino. 2014. The marine fossils malacofauna in a Plio-Pleistocene section from Vallin Buio (Livorno, Italy). Biodiversity Journal 5(1):9-18 [M. Uhen/M. Bean]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 173663: authorized by Mark Uhen, entered by Meredith Bean on 07.10.2015

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)