Where: Beaufort County, North Carolina (35.4° N, 76.8° W: paleocoordinates 35.4° N, 75.9° W)
• coordinate estimated from map
• outcrop-level geographic resolution
When: Yorktown Formation (Chesapeake Group), Zanclean (5.3 - 3.6 Ma)
• most fossils "are derived from the lower beds of the Yorktown Formation" (McLellan 1983) and the "total thickness of the Yorktown exposure is 15 m" (Snyder et al. 1983)
•
•Strontium dating places the base of the Yorktown Formation at 4.9 Ma [55]. The top of the Yorktown Formation at Lee Creek Mine is no younger than the middle of the Orionina vaughani ostracod assemblage zone, originally dated to ca. 3.7 Ma [53]. This is roughly in agreement with the top of nannoplankton zone NN14 (3.9 Ma) [20, 54], the second of the three nannoplankton zones correlating with the Orionina vaughani zone [53]. Taken together, these observations indicate an age bracket of 4.9–3.9 Ma. (Marx & Fordyce, 2015)
• member-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: estuary or bay; unlithified, blue, argillaceous, muddy sandstone
•"The Yorktown Formation at Lee Creek... is generally a very muddy quartz sand... shell material and cemented sediment comprise less than 3 percent of
•most samples" although there is a "boulder bed" at the top of the formation and a single zone of "extensively leached, partially indurated zone that contains abundant molds of turritellid gastropods and cemented clumps of sediment (Snyder et al. 1983)
Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils, microfossils
Preservation: original phosphate
Collection methods: bulk, salvage, surface (float), sieve
• "Most [large] fossils are collected by prospecting the spoil piles" (McLellan 1983) but forams were collected through bulk sampling and washing with detergent and not acid (Snyder et al. 1983)
Primary reference: F. C. Whitmore. 1987. Cetacea from the Sahabi Formation, Libya. Neogene Paleontology and Geology of Sahabi 145-151 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]more details
Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis
PaleoDB collection 52582: authorized by Mark Uhen, entered by Mark Uhen on 11.08.2005, edited by Jenna David
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
unclassified | |
Foraminifera | |
unclassified | |
Bivalvia | |
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Chondrichthyes | |
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"Carcharodon megalodon" = Otodus megalodon22 Agassiz 1835 megalodon Also studied in Pimiento et al. 2010 and in Pimiento and Balk
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"Isurus hastalis" = Carcharodon hastalis22, Carcharodon carcharias22, "Isurus xiphodon" = Cosmopolitodus xiphodon22, Lamna sp.22, Isurus oxyrinchus22
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"Carcharias cuspidata" = Araloselachus cuspidatus22
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Carcharhinus obscurus22, Carcharhinus perezi22, Carcharhinus leucas22, Carcharhinus plumbeus22, Carcharhinus macloti22, Negaprion brevirostris22
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Raja sp.22
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Mammalia | |
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Cetotheriinae indet.36, Herpetocetinae indet.35, Herpetocetus sendaicus2, Herpetocetus transatlanticus n. sp.35
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Megaptera sp.34, Megaptera sp.36, Balaenoptera acutorostrata34, Balaenoptera cf. acutorostrata36, Balaenoptera borealina34, Balaenoptera borealina36
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Gricetoides aurorae n. gen. n. sp.36
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Mesoplodon longirostris34, Mesoplodon longirostris36, Ninoziphius cf. platyrostris36, aff. Ninoziphius platyrostris13, Ninoziphius platyrostris18
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Pontoporiidae indet.13, cf. Pontoporiidae indet.13, cf. Pontoporia sp.36, Auroracetus bakerae n. gen. n. sp.10, Pliopontos littoralis18
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cf. Monodon sp.13, Bohaskia monodontoides30, Delphinapterus sp.34, Delphinapterus sp.36, cf. Delphinapterus sp.13
Bohaskia monodontoides30 Velez-Juarbe and Pyenson 2012 toothed whale previously identified as Delphinapterus sp. by Whitmore and Kaltenbach, 2008
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Delphinidae indet.13, cf. Delphinidae indet.13, Pseudorca sp.34, Pseudorca sp.36, Globicephala sp.34, Globicephala sp.36, aff. Lagenorhynchus sp., Lagenorhynchus sp.36, Lagenorhynchus harmatuki n. sp.36, Tursiops sp.34, Tursiops sp.36, Stenella sp.34, cf. Stenella sp.36, Stenella rayi n. sp.36, cf. Delphinus sp.34, Delphinus sp.36
aff. Lagenorhynchus sp. Gray 1846 dolphin | |
Kogiidae indet.31, Kogiinae indet.34, Kogiinae indet.36, Kogiinae indet.17, cf. Kogia breviceps36, Aprixokogia kelloggi n. gen. n. sp.36
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Physeteridae indet.36, cf. Orycterocetus sp.36, "cf. Physeterula dubusii" = Physeterula dubusi36, "cf. Physeter catodon" = Physeter macrocephalus36, cf. Kogiopsis floridana36, Physeterinae indet.34, Physeterinae indet.36
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Auroraphoca atlantica n. gen. n. sp.3, Phocanella pumila23, Paleophoca nystii23, Monachinae indet.1, Sarcodectes magnus n. gen. n. sp.24, Homiphoca capensis16, Gryphoca similis16, Callophoca obscura23, "Callophoca ambigua" = Mesotaria ambigua23, Platyphoca vulgaris23
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Reptilia | |
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Procolpochelys sp.39, Lepidochelys sp.39, Caretta patriciae39, ? Chelonia sp.39, Syllomus aegyptiacus39
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Aves | |
Cerorhinca sp.27, Pinguinus alfrednewtoni n. sp.19, "Alca antiqua" = Uria antiqua21, Aethiinae indet.21, Alca sp.21, Alca olsoni n. sp.26, Alca carolinensis n. sp.26, Alca aff. torda21, Alca minor n. sp.26, Alca ausonia21, Fratercula aff. cirrhata21, Fratercula aff. arctica21, Miocepphus mergulellus n. sp.37
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"Sterna aff. nilotica" = Gelochelidon nilotica21, "Larus aff. minutus" = Hydrocoloeus minutus21, "Sterna aff. maxima" = Thalasseus maximus21, Larus ribibundus21, Larus sp.21, Larus aff. delawarensis21, Larus aff. argentatus21, Larus aff. atricilla21
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Stercorarius aff. longicaudus21, Stercorarius aff. pomarinus21, Stercorarius aff. parasiticus21, "Catharacta sp." = Stercorarius21
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Tringa aff. ochropus21, "Capella aff. media" = Gallinago media21, Calidris aff. melanotos21, Numenius aff. borealis21
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"Anas americana" = Mareca americana21, Histrionicus aff. histrionicus21, "Anas clypeata" = Spatula clypeata21, "Anas discors" = Spatula discors21, Anserini indet.21, Branta aff. bernicla21, "Anabernicula cf. minuscula" = Branta minuscula21, Anser cf. arizonae21, Cygnus aff. columbianus21, Anas platyrhynchos21, Anas acuta21, Bucephala aff. albeola21, Bucephala aff. clangula21, Somateria sp.21, Somateria aff. mollissima21, Mergus aff. serrator21, Melanitta aff. nigra21, Melanitta aff. perspicillata21, Aythya aff. affinis21
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"Phoebastria aff. nigripes" = Diomedea nigripes21, Phoebastria aff. immutabilis21, Phoebastria rexularum21, Phoebastria anglica21, Phoebastria aff. albatrus21
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? Bulweria sp.21, Pterodroma lessonii21, Pachyptila sp.21, Pterodromoides minoricensis21, Procellaria cf. aequinoctialis21, Procellaria cf. parkinsoni21, Calonectris aff. diomedea21, "Calonectris aff. borealis" = Calonectris diomedea borealis21, Calonectris krantzi n. sp.21, "Puffinus (Ardenna) sp." = Ardenna21, "Puffinus aff. gravis" = Ardenna gravis21, "Puffinus aff. tenuirostris" = Ardenna tenuirostris21, Puffinus sp.21, Puffinus (Thyellodroma) sp.21, Puffinus cf. puffinus21, Puffinus aff. pacificoides21, Puffinus lherminieri21
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Morus "undescribedspeciesone"21, Morus "undescribedspeciestwo"21, Morus avitus21, "Morus loxostylus" = Moris loxostyla21, Morus peninsularis21, Morus atlanticus21
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Pelecanus schreiberi n. sp.20
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"Vulturidae indet." = Vulturinae21
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Reptilia | |
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Actinopteri | |
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Acanthocybium solandri22 Cuvier 1831
Sarda aff. sarda22 Bloch 1791
Auxis sp.22 Cuvier 1829
Thunnus sp.22 South 1845
Thunnus thynnus25 Linnaeus 1758 | |
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Anisotremus sp.7 Gill 1861 | |
Sciaenidae indet.7, Cynoscion cf. nebulosus7, Micropogonias sp.7, Equetus cf. umbrosus7, Leiostomus sp.7
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Lopholatilus rayus22 Purdy et al. 2001 | |
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Chilomycterus schoepfi22 Walbaum 1792 | |
Sphoeroides hyperostosus22 Tyler et al. 1992 | |
Mola chelonopsis22 Ichishima and Kimura 2009 | |
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Stenotomus cf. chrysops22, Lagodon cf. rhomboides22, Pagrus sp.22, Pagrus hyneus22, Archosargus cf. probatocephalus22
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Serranidae indet.7, Diplectrum cf. formosum7, Epinephelus sp.22, Mycteroperca sp.22, Centropristis cf. striata7
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Seriola sp.22 Cuvier 1817 | |
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Ammodytes hexapterus7 Pallas 1814 | |
Tetrapturus albidus6, Makaira purdyi6, Makaira purdyi n. sp.5, Makaira indica6, Makaira nigricans6, Istiophorus platypterus6
Tetrapturus albidus6 Poey 1860
Makaira purdyi6 Fierstine 1999
Makaira purdyi n. sp.5 Fierstine 1999
Makaira indica6 Cuvier 1832
Makaira nigricans6 Lacépède 1802
Istiophorus platypterus6 Shaw and Nodder 1792 | |
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Osteichthyes | |
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Echinoidea | |
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Ophiuroidea | |
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Bivalvia | |
"Mclelannia aenigma" = Mercenaria38
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Chesapecten madisonius9, Chlamys decemnaria9, "Placopecten clintonius clintonius" = Placopecten clintonius9, Placopecten aff. magellanicus9
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Ostracoda | |
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Aurila laevicula11, Echinocythereis planibasalis11, Echinocythereis leecreekensis11, Caudites paraasymmetricus11, Proteoconcha gigantica11, Proteoconcha mimica11, Proteoconcha multipunctata11, Proteoconcha tuberculata11, Proteoconcha "z"11, Proteoconcha jamesensis11, Bensonocythere calverti11, Bensonocythere trapezoidalis11, Bensonocythere whitei11, Bensonocythere "m"11, Bensonocythere "oo"11, Bensonocythere "pp"11, Bensonocythere "qq"11, Bensonocythere "rr"11, Bensonocythere gouldensis11, Bensonocythere blackwelderi11, Bensonocythere ricespitensis11, Bensonocythere rugosa11, Bensonocythere bradyi11, Malzella conradi11, Malzella evexa11, Hermanites ascitus11, Thaerocythere schmidtae11, Thaerocythere carolinensis11, Muellerina petersburgensis11, Muellerina "p"11, Muellerina blowi11, Muellerina ohmerti11, Muellerina wardi11, Muellerina bassiounii11
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Cyprideis "b"11, Peratocytheridea bradyi11, Peratocytheridea "j"11, Peratocytheridea sandbergi11, Peratocytheridea setipunctata11, Cytheridea virginiensis11, Cytheridea carolinensis11, Cytheridea campwallacensis11, Paracyprideis "c"11, Hulingsina americana11, Hulingsina glabra11, Hulingsina rugipustulosa11, Hulingsina "c"11, Hulingsina "f"11, Hulingsina "r"11, Hulingsina "u"11, "Cushmanidea seminuda" = Cushmanidea11, ""Pontocythere" "i"" = Cushmanidea11, ""Pontocythere" "g"" = Cushmanidea11, ""Pontocythere" "j"" = Cushmanidea11, ""Pontocythere" "d"" = Cushmanidea11
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Cytherura howei11, Cytherura reticulata11, Cytherura sp.11, Cytherura "aa"11, Cytherura "bb"11, Cytherura "d"11, Cytherura "l"11, Cytherura "m"11, Cytherura "n"11, Cytherura "u"11, Cytherura "w"11, Cytherura elongata11, Cytherura forulata11, Cytherura wardensis11, Paracytheridea altida11, Paracytheridea rugosa11, Paracytheridea "f"11, Paracytheridea cronini11, Paracytheridea mucra11, Cytheropteron talquinensis11, ? Cytheropteron yorktownensis11
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? Cnestocythere sp.11, Microcytherura choctawhatcheensis11, Microcytherura similis11, Microcytherura "d"11, Microcytherura "h"11, Microcytherura "m"11, Microcytherura "p"11, Microcytherura "r"11, Microcytherura expanda11, Microcytherura minuta11
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Loxoconcha edentonensis11, Loxoconcha matagordensis11, Loxoconcha purisubrhomboidea11, Loxoconcha "c"11, Loxoconcha "h"11, Loxoconcha "m"11, Loxoconcha "s"11, Loxoconcha "t"11, Loxoconcha reticularis11, ? Hirschmannia quadrata11, ? Hirschmannia hespera11, ? Cytheromorpha curta11, Cytheromorpha "i"11, Cytheromorpha incisa11, Cytheromorpha suffolkensis11, Cytheromorpha warneri11, Cytheromorpha macroincisa11
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Actinocythereis dawsoni11, Actinocythereis marylandica11, Actinocythereis mundorffi11, Actinocythereis captionis11, Neocaudites subimpressus11, Neocaudites angulatus11, Neocaudites variabilus11, Orionina vaughani11, Murrayina barclayi11
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Foraminifera | |
Nodosariata | |
Lagena substriata12 Williamson 1848 | |
Foraminifera | |
Virgulina fusiformis12, Angulogerina occidentalis12, Buliminella elegantissima12, Bulimina elongata12
Angulogerina occidentalis12 Cushman 1923
Bulimina elongata12 d'Orbigny 1846 | |
Globothalamea | |
Foraminifera | |
Globorotalia puncticulata8, "Globorotalia (Globorotalia) crassula" = Globorotalia (Truncorotalia) crassula28, Globorotalia (Turborotalia) praeoscitans28, "Globorotalia (Globorotalia) margaritae" = Globorotalia (Hirsutella) margaritae28, Globorotalia (Globorotalia) cultrata limbata28, Globorotalia (Globorotalia) hirsuta praehirsuta28
"Globorotalia (Globorotalia) crassula" = Globorotalia (Truncorotalia) crassula28 Cushman et al. 1930
"Globorotalia (Globorotalia) margaritae" = Globorotalia (Hirsutella) margaritae28 Bolli and Bermudez 1965 | |
Globigerina juvenilis28, Globigerina falconensis12, Orbulina uiversa28, Orbulina suturalis28, "Globoquadrina venezuelana" = Dentoglobigerina venezuelana28, Globigerinoides ruber28, Globigerinoides bollii28, Globigerinoides obliquus extremus28, "Globigerina decoraperta" = Globoturborotalita decoraperta28
Globigerina falconensis12 Blow 1959
Orbulina suturalis28 Broennimann 1951
"Globoquadrina venezuelana" = Dentoglobigerina venezuelana28 Hedberg 1937
Globigerinoides ruber28 d'Orbigny 1839
Globigerinoides bollii28 Blow 1959
Globigerinoides obliquus extremus28 Bolli and Bermudez 1965
"Globigerina decoraperta" = Globoturborotalita decoraperta28 Takayanagi and Saito 1962 | |
Globigerinita glutinata28 Egger 1893
Globigerinita uvula28 Ehrenberg 1861 | |
Pinopsida | |
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